Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献_第10页

Stability of sulfur mustard in vehicles suitable for cutaneous exposure of swine 适用于猪皮肤暴露的车辆中芥子气硫的稳定性

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120001853

T. L. Miller, J. Graham, T. Hayes, F. Reid

{"title":"Stability of sulfur mustard in vehicles suitable for cutaneous exposure of swine","authors":"T. L. Miller, J. Graham, T. Hayes, F. Reid","doi":"10.1081/CUS-120001853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120001853","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blistering chemical warfare agent capable of forming deep, bullous lesions in man that heal very slowly and tend to become infected. We have developed a swine model that is used to evaluate candidate treatment regimens for the SM injury. To expand our wound-healing studies, SM mixtures suitable for cutaneous exposure were needed so that a large total body surface area (TBSA) could be covered during the SM application. The vehicles selected for use in the SM exposure experiments would have to be miscible with SM, form a stable mixture, be soluble in an organic solvent that is required for the stability evaluation, be nontoxic, and not interfere with the SM reaction on the skin. Four candidate vehicles were selected for testing. The vehicles were peanut oil, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, and PEG 400. During preliminary screening, PEG 400 was eliminated as a candidate because it was not soluble in hexane, and least soluble in chloroform and methylene chloride. Propylene glycol was eliminated since it did not mix with SM. The SM mixtures of peanut oil and PEG 200 were prepared for stability testing over the 25–75% SM concentration range. The results show that the SM mixtures prepared with peanut oil and PEG 200 at the 25, 50, and 75% levels are stable for more than 8 days when stored at 21°C (room temperature) and more than 35 days when stored at −70°C (freezer).","PeriodicalId":17547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"36 1 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81198926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Free radicals and aging of anterior segment tissues of the eye 眼前段组织的自由基与老化

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120001855

K. Green

{"title":"Free radicals and aging of anterior segment tissues of the eye","authors":"K. Green","doi":"10.1081/CUS-120001855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120001855","url":null,"abstract":"The anterior segment of the eye consists of the cornea, anterior chamber, trabecular meshwork, iris, and ciliary body (Fig. 1). The cornea usually contains five layers. From anterior to posterior they are: the 50mm-thick epithelium; Bowman’s membrane (10mm); stroma (500mm); Descemet’s membrane (5mm); and endothelium (5mm). The values given for the thickness of each component of the cornea reflect those of humans, where the total corneal thickness is approximately 550mm. Other species have proportional thicknesses of the component layer of stroma relative to their total thickness (bovine .0.8 mm; rabbit .0.4 mm; mouse .0.1 mm). The epithelium is a fiveor six-cell layered membrane that is covered by the 7to 10-mm tear film and thus represents the first barrier against invasion from the environment or the first line of defense (including the tear film) against environmental stress. The cells are of the squamous type at the surface, while the most posterior layer of the epithelium consists of columnar basal cells: wing cells fill the space between the other cell layers. The surface cells are desquamated into the tear film (1,2) on a regular basis as a result of the shear forces of lid movements, with replacement centripetally from both conjunctiva at the corneal periphery and underlying basal cells (3–5). Replacement of epithelial cells occurs on a 5to 6-day cycle such that total epithelial replacement occurs over about a 2-week period (2,6–9).","PeriodicalId":17547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":"140 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81510622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Ophthalmic emulsions and suspensions 眼科乳剂及混悬液

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120001857

M. Saettone, B. Giannaccini, D. Monti

引用次数: 9

Raman spectroscopy 拉曼光谱

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120001872

Adrian C Williams, B. W. Barry

{"title":"Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Adrian C Williams, B. W. Barry","doi":"10.1081/CUS-120001872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120001872","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous analytical techniques have been used to examine the nature of skin, and in particular the barrier structure of human stratum corneum, including thermal methods (1,2), electron spin resonance (3), and x-ray diffractometry (4,5). One approach has been to use vibrational spectroscopy to probe the molecular nature of the skin, with early work concentrating on the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (6). While the infrared technique has provided valuable insights into the concentration of water in the tissue (7) and has been used successfully to probe the tissue in vivo using attenuated total reflection methods (8,9), infrared is not ideally suited to examine the vibrational modes of biological samples that are naturally hydrated. This is because such materials show interference from water vibrational modes, while the water absorbs strongly the infrared radiation. An alternative vibrational spectroscopic technique is Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is both a qualitative and quantitative technique for characterizing materials at the molecular level in terms of molecular normal vibrational frequencies. If a sample is irradiated with an intense beam of monochromatic radiation (usually from a laser) operating at a wavenumber n0, most of the radiation is transmitted by the sample. However, a small portion of the exciting radiation (about 1 photon in 10) scatters elastically with a wavenumber equal to that of the incident radiation. An even smaller fraction (around 1 photon in 10) scatters inelastically with wavenumbers different to the incident radiation. The elastically scattered radiation is known as Rayleigh scattering, whereas the","PeriodicalId":17547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":"71 1","pages":"497 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86814947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between H-bonding of penetrants to stratum corneum lipids and diffusion 渗透剂与角质层脂质氢键与扩散的关系

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120001862

W. Pugh

引用次数: 8

Irritant Contact Dermatitis: House and Garden Plants 刺激性接触性皮炎:室内和花园植物

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/15569520009068351

W. Epstein

引用次数: 3

American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook edited by M. McGuffin, C. Hobbs, R. Upton, and A. Goldberg, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 231 pages, 1997. $$39.95 美国草药产品协会的植物安全手册由M. McGuffin, C. Hobbs, R. Upton和A. Goldberg编辑，CRC出版社，博卡拉顿，佛罗里达州，231页，1997年。$ 39.95美元

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/15569520009051512

M. Edward

引用次数: 3

Visual Side Effects Possibly Associated with Viagra 可能与伟哥有关的视觉副作用

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/15569520009051474

F. T. Fraunfelder, A. Laties

引用次数: 5

Metals and the Skin: Topical Effects and Systemic Absorption by R. H. Guy, J. J. Hostynek, R. S. Hinz, and C. R. Lorence, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 431 pages, 1999. $$185.00 《金属与皮肤:局部效应与全身吸收》，作者:R. H. Guy, J. J. Hostynek, R. S. Hinz, C. R. laurence, Marcel Dekker出版社，纽约，431页，1999。$ 185.00美元

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/15569520009051511

M. Edward

引用次数: 0

Latanoprost-Induced Side Effects and Potential Mechanisms 拉坦前列素诱导的副作用及其潜在机制

Journal of Toxicology-cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/15569520009068349

X. Zhai, J. Samples

引用次数: 0