Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"People perceptions about usage of polythene and its impact on environment at Ruwanwella DS division in Sri Lanka","authors":"A. Thakshila Maduwanthi Senanayaka R.","doi":"10.5897/jtehs2023.0512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2023.0512","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Ruwanwella during November to January 2022. Polythene poses serious impacts on the environment. The aim of this survey was to assess people's perceptions about the usage of polythene and its impact on the environment. Data was collected from 30 housewives and 30 A/L students using two semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with a doctor. The main reason for using polythene bags among both groups were the lack of alternatives. Burning Polythene was the common method used by both groups (93%,63%). They recognized that polythene leads to issues like blocked drainage systems, air pollution, deterioration of scenic beauty, water pollution, and the breeding of mosquitoes due to the presence of polythene waste. Furthermore, 97% of housewives agreed that polythene waste contributes to the sickness of animals and soil infertility. Regarding the concern about causing floods due to polythene blockage, 50% of housewives agreed, 37% disagreed, and 13% were not concerned. On the other hand, the majority of A/L students (80%) were not concerned about the environmental impact of polythene bags causing floods. The study revealed that both groups lack knowledge and awareness about the flood risk posed by polythene waste. This study also indicated that the trend of using polythene bags is increasing, despite respondents' awareness of the harmful effects of plastic products. To mitigate impacts of polythene waste, it is suggested to banning of polythene bags, encourage the use of organic materials to wrap lunch, and promote alternatives to polythene bags. Key words: Polythene, perception, environment, effect, infertility.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"18 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of pesticide residue levels in some common food crops: The suitability for human consumption","authors":"Uloma Ezeani Ujuamala, Johnson Afonne Onyemaechi, Chukwudi Ezeani Michael, Enoluomen Ehigiator Ben","doi":"10.5897/jtehs2021.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2021.0493","url":null,"abstract":"Indiscriminate use of pesticides to boost agricultural produce and in public health to control pests has raised the emphasis on pesticide residue levels in foods. This study analyzed the pesticides residue levels in some common food crops consumed in Nigeria, and ascertained their suitability for human consumption. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 15 organochlorine and 10 carbamate pesticide residues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The residual pesticides levels and hazard index in the different food crops were compared with WHO established maximum residual levels (MRL) for the pesticides. The results showed no detectable levels of pesticides in the yam samples. Beans samples, contained hexachlorobenzene and its median level (0.025 mg/kg) was greater than the MRL (0.01 mg/kg). A total of 14 (56%) different pesticides were detected in each of red and green apples, 10 (40%) in pepper and 3 (12%) in rice. The most occurring pesticides in the crops were propachlor, endosulfan-1 and hexachlorobenzene. The median pesticides contents in pepper were greater than their respective MRLs. Organochlorine pesticides are still being used in cultivation of crops, or in storage of food crops and also in some imported plant foods. Crop contents of pesticides found were below the estimated life time exposure (mg/kg/day) of 65 kg man as well as the hazard index of 1. This may pose no immediate risks to human health, but long term effects should be considered.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86351553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of nicotine contents in local and imported cigarettes sold in Abidjan markets in Cte dIvoire: Lessons for regulation","authors":"Fandio Nanfa Veda, Diakité Aïssata","doi":"10.5897/jtehs2021.0492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2021.0492","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use is one of the main leading causes of disease and death worldwide and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), constitutes a major issue to public health. Given the importance of nicotine as the major constituent of tobacco and its addictive potency on consumers, determining its content in cigarettes sold on Ivorian markets shows to be important. The aim of this study was to determine and compare nicotine content in imported and local brands of cigarettes marketed in the district of Abidjan. Nicotine was extracted from twenty-one brands of cigarettes with six being local and fifteen imported. Nicotine contents were measure by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 508 nm. The assay method was linear on a concentration range of 0.2 to 1 mg/ml with a coefficient of determination of 0.9963 and a detection limit of 0.15 mg/ml. The average nicotine content in cigarettes of Ivory Coast brands was 1.73 ± 0.19 mg of nicotine/cigarette while that in imported brands was 2.25 ± 0.74 mg of nicotine/cigarette (p < 0.05). The lowest nicotine content was found in the local brand cigarette \"Ex001\", whereas the highest content was found in an imported brand cigarette \"OR001 Pulse Bleu\". The nicotine content of all tested cigarettes was higher than the European standard and a significative difference was found between the determined amounts of nicotine content in the cigarettes brands and the amounts displayed by the manufacturer on the cigarettes’ packs. Monitoring of nicotine content in cigarettes sold on the Ivorian market should be considered in prevention strategies against smoking addiction and tobacco-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and subacute toxicity studies of hydroethanolic extract of Baillonella toxisperma Pierre fruit pulp","authors":"Takuissu Nguemto Guy Roussel, Edoun Ebouel Ferdinand Lanvin, Youovop Fotso Janvier Aim e, N. J. Laure, Oben Julius Enyong","doi":"10.5897/JTEHS2021.0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2021.0496","url":null,"abstract":"Baillonella toxisperma Pierre, fruit pulp is largely used in traditional medicine. No toxicity study was done on this fruit pulp. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of the fruit pulp of B. toxisperma. An acute toxicity study was conducted at 2000 mg/kg of body weight as a 14-day limit test in Wistar albino rats. Throughout the experiment, general signs of toxicity were noted. Subsequently, a subacute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 400     mg/kg of body weight for 28 days. General signs of toxicity were also noted, after animal sacrifice, histological, hematological, and biochemical analyses (ALAT, ASAT, triglycerides, total cholesterol, total proteins, creatinine) were performed. At LD50?2000 mg/kg, no general signs of toxicity were noted in either acute or subacute conditions. No signs of toxicity were noted histologically, while slight increases in granulocytes and decreases in lymphocytes were noted hematologically. Biochemically, while no renal observations were made, the extract caused hepatic cytolysis. The fruit pulp of B. toxisperma P could be hepatotoxic at high doses. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hydroethanolic extract of Baillonella toxisperma Pierre fruit pulp, acute toxicity, subacute toxicity.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83334641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Effects of Motivation on Production Operatives in The Nigerian Construction Industry","authors":"Fagbemi K.B","doi":"10.55124/jtes.v1i1.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jtes.v1i1.144","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of motivation on operatives’ productivity in the Nigerian construction sector. The purposes of this study are to inform the management of contracting firms in Nigeria construction industry about the critical motivational factors that affects operatives’ productivity. The study was conducted by administering questionnaires to people of allied professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. To satisfy the aim of this study, 70 respondents were administered questionnaire, which were analyzed using ranking and percentile. The results showed there were 24 factors which motivate operatives towards improved productivity in the construction industry of Nigeria. The study also found that intrinsic factors have a stronger effect than extrinsic factors in motivating operatives. The study concludes that work itself is the most critical factor that motivates operatives towards improved productivity and recommends that operatives be encouraged by motivation, to make sure that they identify with the organization.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86427494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation And Characterization Of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria From Different Environmental Soil Samples","authors":"Abrar Hussain Mian","doi":"10.55124/jtes.v1i1.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jtes.v1i1.133","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are natural substances produced by several bacterial and fungal organisms that are amphiphilic and are extracellular (a part of the cell membrane). Biosurfactants can reduce the stress between solids and liquids on the surface and at the end. Biosurfactants have several properties, i.e. they are stable, less harmful, as well as readily degradable, and extremely eco-friendly. Biosurfactants also have a wide range of industrial uses because they are a versatile category of chemical substances. The principal justification for conducting such research was the isolation of possible biosurfactants containing bacteria. Sampling was performed for the isolation of bacteria producing biosurfactants from different oil-polluted sites That is to say, experiment for emulsification, test for oil spreading, test for drop collapse, and measure for hemolysis. The capability to produce biosurfactants was seen in 22 different isolates from polluted sites B1, B2, and B3. Through different biochemical tests and Gram staining, it was identified that isolated bacterial strains are Pseudomonas spp and that is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The procedure used as characterizing biosurfactants was the TLC plate’s procedure, by using TLC plates process yellow dots emerged after spraying on silica gel plates with an throne and ninhydrin reagents. These yellow spots confirmed the presence and production of rhamnolipid in the biosurfactant. Hence, it was concluded that identified strains in the study can be helpful in the heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons bio-degradation and bioremediation. These may also be used as biological control agents to protect plants from various pathogens, resulting in improved crop yields.\u0000Introduction\u0000Biosurfactants are natural substances produced by several bacterial and fungal organisms that are amphiphilic and are extracellular (a part of the cell membrane) (Chen et al., 2007; Ghayyomiet al., 2012). Main purpose of the bio-surfactantsgeneration or production is a consequence of financial availability (Van Dyke et al., 1993 It is reported that almost 50 percent of the world's surfactants are used because of the need for cleaning agents as well as the rate of growth grows every day (Deleu and Paquot, 2004). Appropriate use of bio-surfactants will control environmental emissions what these are the most dangerous, constantly rising gradually and disrupting the routine maintenance of life every day. Awareness campaign initiatives have been introduced and also increase for environmental laws, various innovative approaches need to be implemented and even the issue of pollution focused entirely. Developing appropriate advanced technologies to help clear up chemicals and toxins from the ecosystem, like hydrocarbons (both inorganic and organic). Studies on biosurfactants are being launched by scholars and researchers with significant health issues like adverse environmental effects, air contamination, environmental change, and waste manage","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88147557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black carbon accumulation in extrapulmonary human tissues","authors":"R. Florsheim, J. Bressler, Gwendolyn Tsai, N. Drichko","doi":"10.5897/jtehs2021.0489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2021.0489","url":null,"abstract":"Black carbon is a product of incomplete combustion and is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes in epidemiologic studies. To date, anatomic studies investigating the pathogenic mechanisms of black carbon in humans have confirmed black carbon particles accumulate in the lung and in the placenta of pregnant women, and are excreted in urine. In this feasibility study, the presence of black carbon particles was demonstrated in post-mortem spleen, myocardium, and hilar lymph node samples obtained from three de-identified sources. A protocol validated for extraction of chemically inert particles from fish tissue was utilized to extract black carbon particles from human tissue. Visual examination and micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy were used to identify recovered black carbon particles. Recovered particles ranged from 2 to 45 m in greatest dimension. The highest concentrations of black carbon particles were recovered from hilar lymph nodes, followed by the myocardium, with lowest concentrations recovered from the spleen. Particles extracted from the spleen were, on average, larger than particles extracted from the heart or hilar lymph nodes. These findings confirm black carbon particles accumulate in human extrapulmonary organs. Based on the size and concentrations of recovered particles, it is suggested that black carbon particles are transported to extrapulmonary sites via the lymphatic system. Furthermore, the noted concentration differentials suggest reduced black carbon particle clearance from the myocardium compared with the spleen.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of practices favoring the development of mycotoxigenic molds in rice sold in the retail markets of Abidjan, Cte dIvoire","authors":"Leticia Loukou Ahou, Jean-Baptiste Adepo Aholia, N'sa Romaric Alloh Atse, B. Kouakou","doi":"10.5897/jtehs2021.0495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2021.0495","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins constitute a real problem of public health because of their highly toxic effects for the populations. This study aims to evaluate the practices that favor aflatoxins and ochratoxin A development in rice sold on the markets of Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire). A food consumption survey was conducted among 45 traders and 135 consumers of rice in three markets in Abobo and Cocody communes. A simple, open-ended questionnaire was submitted to the rice traders and consumers. It covered socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, level of education), location and conditions of storage, place of supply, and knowledge of mycotoxins. Following the survey, 20 samples of rice, prized by the population, were collected and analyzed. Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A levels were determined using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The results revealed that all traders were unaware of the existence of mycotoxins. The storage and marketing of rice are housed in very unhygienic premises (lack of brick walls in some cases, poor quality tin roof, premises not swept regularly). Most traders renew their rice stocks over an average of one to two months (66.66% in Abobo; 79.99% in Cocody) and prefer to buy their supplies from large stores and other markets in Abidjan. Aflatoxin B1 (0.75±0.05 μg/kg) and total aflatoxin (1.73±0.34 μg/kg) were detected in the rice samples from Abobo market. The presence of Aflatoxins in rice could be related to poor post-harvest practices identified.","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will Catalysts Save Our Environment?","authors":"Suryakiran Navath","doi":"10.55124/jtes.v1i1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jtes.v1i1.94","url":null,"abstract":"If you own a car, then at some point in your life, you’ll end up having to go to the mechanic to address any emergent car troubles. You may experience engine troubles, slower acceleration, or smoke coming out of your car’s exhaust, only to find out that you have a “bad cat.” What do these cute little furballs have to do with cars?","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76764805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sauaeda Fruticusa is Hyperaccumulator of Chromium and Lead","authors":"H. Ullah","doi":"10.55124/jtes.v1i1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jtes.v1i1.56","url":null,"abstract":"Suaedafruticosa shows a high growth rate in saline and contaminated soils. It grows in abiotic stresses with reducing the productivity of crops. Plant samples on a size basis (40cm, 60cm, and 80cm) were collected at different lagoons of KTWMA, Kasur. The plant samples were further distributed and characterized into different parts (roots, stem, leaf, and seeds) to check the availability of metals. The outcome indicated that chromium and lead concentration was higher in parts of the plant, especially in the stem. Chromium metal in the stem of different sized plants (small, medium, and large) was 42.2507±0.0352, 45.3528±0.0375, and 58.4065±0.1624.At the same time, lead concentration was found18.0125±0.0014, 26.3505±0.0034, and 27.8352±0.0038 that isless than chromium. Zinc concentration was observed least but noticeable during the experiment. Fromtheexperiment, it was concluded that S. fruticosa might act as a hyperaccumulator for different metals, especially Cr and Pb. Future studies are needed in order to mobilize and remove hazardous trace metals to keep the environment healthy. \u0000IntroductionSuaedafruticosa grows under highly saline conditions. Salinity stress is one of the main abiotic stresses in arid and semi-arid regions restricting crop production (Chekroun-Bechlaghemet al., 2019; Ksouri et al., 2012). Shah et al. (2020) suggested that S. fruticosacan be planted for re-establishment on arid-saline lands and cultivated as an unconventional edible or cash crop. Nearly 500 plant species have been known to hyperaccumulate heavy metals (Pollard et al. 2014). Hyperaccumulating plants can accumulate metals in parts of their roots and shoot from the contaminated soils. The qualities and systems of hyperaccumulation in the extraction of metals and furthermore distinguish the types of hyperaccumulation dependent on the plant's bioavailability of the metals. \u0000Hyperaccumulation is also a trending technique to remove pollutants like heavy metals from aqueous media and contaminated soils. Hyperaccumulators are such plants that are able to grow at a high level of heavy metals, accumulating metals in their aerial parts, tissues, and roots. More than 500 plant species are considered hyperaccumulators and accumulate metals at different plant tissue levels. Most metals, whose biological functions are unknown, also get accumulated in various tissues (Ruk et al., 2006). \u0000Hyperaccumulators are distinguished due to three specific hallmarks: heavy metal absorption with increased rate, earlier root-to-shoot transfer, translocation and improved ability to detoxify, accumulate heavy metals in leaves. Variety of plants belonging to distantly associated families except sharing the capacity to grow on metallic-ferous soils and to accumulate extremely huge concentrations of metals in aerial parts, way above the thresholds present in most animals, without phytotoxic impact, has been observed. A comparatively small community of hyperaccumulator plants is able to sequester ","PeriodicalId":17507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75949316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}