{"title":"Novel integrated acousto-optic and electro-optic heterodyning devices in a LiNbO3 waveguide","authors":"G. Xu, C. Tsai","doi":"10.1063/1.104427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.104427","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional acousto-optic (AO) Bragg cell rf receiver is known to suffer from two limitations: limited dynamic range and incapability for phase measurement. To increase the dynamic range and to facilitate the phase measurement, we must use optical heterodyning detection. Most related works have been carried out using bulk AO Bragg cells1 in which a number of beam splitters, mirrors, and wedges were configured into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to facilitate the required functions of beam splitting, directing, combination, and filtering for the signal and reference beams. To overcome the problems of vibrations and thermal fluctuations and subwavelength alignment tolerances required, a so-called modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer was explored recently. This expoloration was accomplished by using integrated-optic (IO) architecture2 in which a pair of proton-exchanged gratings were used as the beam splitting, directing, and combining elements. A relatively low dynamic range of 30 dB was measured owing to excessive optical losses from the gratings and the propagation in the waveguide. In this paper we present a simple IO architecture that utilizes wideband cascaded AO and electrooptic (EO) Bragg diffractions in Y-cut LiNbO3 planar waveguide to perform efficient and wideband heterodyning detection. The results obtained thus far suggest a new architecture for the realization of wideband IO interferometric rf spectrum analyzers.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134305479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen R. Giguere, L. Friedman, R. Soref, J. P. Lorenzo
{"title":"Simulation studies of silicon electro-optic waveguide devices","authors":"Stephen R. Giguere, L. Friedman, R. Soref, J. P. Lorenzo","doi":"10.1063/1.347082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.347082","url":null,"abstract":"Novel three-terminal field effect transistor (FET) optical waveguides are simulated to demonstrate that crystalline silicon is a credible material for guided-wave optics. Unlike LiBNO3, silicon does not exhibit a linear electro-optic (Pocket's) effect, and second-order effects, such as the Kerr effect, are too small for practical optical switch applications. Therefore, refractive-index changes based on charge refraction are used. To create a silicon electro-optic phase modulator, the device must be able to move electrons and holes within a confined waveguiding region to induce a charge refraction effect. If a sufficient concentration of charge carriers can be injected or depleted, the refractive index of the waveguide will be altered and an electro-optic phase modulator can be designed by using the index of refraction changes induced in the waveguide.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"636 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Albrecht, M. Hamacher, H. Heidrich, D. Hoffmann, H. Nolting, M. Schlak, C. Weinert
{"title":"Polarization converter and splitter for a coherent receiver optical network on InP","authors":"P. Albrecht, M. Hamacher, H. Heidrich, D. Hoffmann, H. Nolting, M. Schlak, C. Weinert","doi":"10.1364/ipr.1990.wi4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.wi4","url":null,"abstract":"The TE/TM mode splitter (MS) and TE/TM mode converter (MC) are key components of the passive polarization diversity circuit. The aim of this research, which is part of the European RACE 1010 project, is to design MC, MS, and 3-dB couplers for integration on InP by using a common waveguide.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133351653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. V. Treyz, P. May, D. LaTulipe, S. Basu, W. I. Wang
{"title":"GaAs Multiple Quantum Well Waveguide Modulators on Silicon Substrates","authors":"G. V. Treyz, P. May, D. LaTulipe, S. Basu, W. I. Wang","doi":"10.1063/1.103538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.103538","url":null,"abstract":"For applications such as optical interconnects1 it is desirable to have the ability to integrate optical modulators, waveguides and silicon electronics. One system of interest is the class of GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures where optical modulation is due to the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE)2 integrated with GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides on Si.3 In support of this scheme, results obtained for GaAs on Si MQW reflection modulators have indicated that, in contrast to some GaAs on Si optical devices (e.g. heterostructure lasers), QCSE modulator structures are relatively insensitive to the defects associated with epitaxial GaAs on Si growth.4,5","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116611250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial switching, instabilities, and chaos in a three-waveguide nonlinear directional coupler","authors":"N. Finlayson, G. Stegeman","doi":"10.1063/1.102938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102938","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years it has been recognized that the existence of amplitude or power instabilities has possible utility in the area of all-optical switching.1 Jensen’s proposal2 for spatial switching in a two-waveguide directional coupler represents the seminal contribution in the field. As pointed out by Christodoulides et al.3 however, Jensen’s two-waveguide coupler may be considered only a special case of more general class of n-oscillator systems. We consider in this paper the obvious extension from two to three elements. In the linear regime the behavior of the three-guide coupler is similar to that of the conventional two-guide coupler, except for an intermediate transfer of power in to the center wave guide. For devices that are one coupling length and one beat length long the transmission characteristics of the three-waveguide coupler are markedly sharper than in the two-waveguide case and approach the characteristics of an ideal switch. At long range the field trajectories of the three-guide coupler become chaotic in the vicinity of two critical power levels.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126153939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rate-equation model for the evolution of χ(2) gratings in optical fibers","authors":"A. Kamal, D. Weinberger","doi":"10.1364/ipr.1990.mj2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.mj2","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of high conversion efficiencies for second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers can lead to many practical applications. However, to enhance conversion efficiencies, saturation phenomena limiting the growth χ(2) must be understood. In this paper we report the results of experiments that provide new insight into the evolution of χ(2) gratings in optical fibers conditioned for SHG.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127510884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observation of modulational gain and analysis of polarization instabilities in optical fiber with twist","authors":"S. F. Feldman, D. Weinberger, H. Winful","doi":"10.1364/ipr.1990.wb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.wb3","url":null,"abstract":"When birefringence induced through the optical Kerr effect in an unperturbed, weakly birefringent fiber is comparable with the natural fiber birefringence, polarization instability and asymmetry between the fast and slow fiber axes arise. A signature of the instability is that small changes in input intensity may result in large changes in intensity transmitted through a crossed polarizer at the fiber exit, leading to the possibility of substantial amplitude modulation (AM) gain.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122396268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of the electrically induced refractive-index change in silicon for wavelength λ = 1.3 μm by using a Schottky diode","authors":"A. Evans, D. Hall","doi":"10.1063/1.102834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102834","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon is a centrosymmetric crystal, so it does not exhibit a Pockels (linear electro-optic) effect. It does, however, exhibit a free-carrier effect in which both the real and the imaginary parts of the refractive index are changed when carriers are introduced either through doping or injection. Demonstrations of the use of the free-carrier effect in silicon include direct amplitude modulation from carrier injection in a forward biased p-i-n (Ref. 1) or MIS (Ref. 2) diode as well as amplitude modulation from a phase shift in a 2 × 2 switch3 and an interferometric modulation scheme.4 These investigations required large current densities (greater than 100 A/cm2) to achieve modulation of 10%-60%. Furthermore, the size of the real index change was not reported.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132240590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers: polychromatic single-field numerical experiments","authors":"R. Hawkins, R. Stolen","doi":"10.1364/ipr.1990.tub4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.tub4","url":null,"abstract":"The response-function based computational approach to Raman scattering in single-mode optical fibers was introduced, in part, as a method for treating situations in which the spectral distinction between pump and Stokes broke down. This happens, for example, in the case of femtosecond optical pulses whose bandwidth exceeds the bandwidth of X3. The Raman response function has been used with considerable success to predict the propagation properties of many pulses in the femtosecond regime.1,2 It is not, however, promoted as an approach for longer pulses. In this paper we report on the use of the Raman response function in predicting the propagation properties of picosecond pulses in optical fibers and discuss the results of a numerical reproduction of the laboratory experiments of Raman scattering reported by Stolen and Johnson.3","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130944585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Buritskii, E. Dianov, V. Maslov, V. Chernykh, E. Shcherbakov
{"title":"CW optical damage threshold of Rb:KTP waveguides","authors":"K. S. Buritskii, E. Dianov, V. Maslov, V. Chernykh, E. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.1364/ipr.1991.tud18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1991.tud18","url":null,"abstract":"Optical waveguides in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) are of particularly great significance in the field of integrated optics because of their unique properties required for designing integrated optical devices, in particular, electrooptical light modulators and nonlinear frequency converters.1 The main advantage of KTP is a low susceptibility to laser induced damage. The bulk optical resistance of KTP is 2-3 orders as larger as that of lithium niobate, which is widely used in integrated optics. As regards LiNbCh waveguides, they exhibit optical damage in the visibleand near IR region at the power of about 1 mW, whatincreases loss in them.2 It has been shown recently that optical damage is not observed in proton-exchanged LiTath waveguides at the power of 70 mW (at 0.82 μm).3 Similar measurements of KTP waveguides have not been carried out, however, these waveguides are believed to preserve their properties at a much higher light power density.","PeriodicalId":175010,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Photonics Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115693700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}