Journal of the South African Veterinary Association最新文献_第5页

Temporally specific adrenocorticotropic hormone reference intervals for horses in South Africa. 南非马的时间特异性促肾上腺皮质激素参考间隔。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.001

D Fisher, E-C Schliewert, E H Hooijberg

{"title":"Temporally specific adrenocorticotropic hormone reference intervals for horses in South Africa.","authors":"D Fisher, E-C Schliewert, E H Hooijberg","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.001","url":null,"abstract":"An endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration above the reference interval (RI) is commonly used as means for diagnosing equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Basal ACTH concentrations are highly dependent on photoperiod and RIs should be month- and location-specific. To date, no ACTH RIs have been specifically established for South Africa. This study aimed to determine geographically and seasonally relevant RIs for equine ACTH in the Gauteng province of South Africa. A longitudinal prospective study was conducted over twelve months to determine ACTH RIs for a representative population of healthy South African horses in the Gauteng province. Eighty clinically healthy horses under 12 years of age were recruited for monthly venous blood sample collection, from July 2019 to June 2020. ACTH was measured using a chemiluminescent assay. RIs were constructed for each month of the year. This South African population showed similar temporal changes in ACTH concentrations to those previously observed in other locations. Upper reference limits were at their lowest in early summer (21.4 pg/ml, 90% CI 20.8-21.7) with a pronounced increase in autumn (60.6 pg/ml, 90% CI 53.1-62.7), and tapered off in winter (22.3 pg/ml, 90% CI 19.9-23.2). The month-specific ACTH RIs generated in this study will improve the accuracy of diagnosis and monitoring of PPID in the local equine population. These results highlighted the previously recommended need for seasonal and location-specific RIs.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40587851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The potential effects and interactions of oxidative stress and trace minerals on fresh and frozen semen in bulls - a review. 氧化应激和微量元素对公牛新鲜和冷冻精液的潜在影响及其相互作用综述。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.02

G M Ferreira, C H Annandale, M P Smuts, D E Holm

{"title":"The potential effects and interactions of oxidative stress and trace minerals on fresh and frozen semen in bulls - a review.","authors":"G M Ferreira, C H Annandale, M P Smuts, D E Holm","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.02","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction is one of the most important factors determining successful cattle farming systems. Management practices, such as nutritional supplementation, can influence the reproductive performance of cattle. The objective of this literature review is to determine the potential value of injectable trace mineral administration on fresh and cryopreserved semen quality of bulls. A search of keywords related to the topic was performed on published articles and textbooks. The search was narrowed to the 40 most relevant references. Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between trace mineral supplementation and bull semen quality. Moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal spermatogenesis, but oxidative stress (OS), as experienced with adverse environmental conditions or disease, can contribute to idiopathic male infertility by negatively impacting spermatogenesis. Trace minerals such as selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese have been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects in mammals. Due to the complexity of oral ingested trace mineral bioavailability, injectable trace mineral supplementation prior to physiological periods with known deficiencies or increased requirement can benefit the animal. The potential benefits of injectable trace mineral supplementation to minimise oxidative damage to spermatogenesis in breeding bulls need further investigation. Positive results from such studies can lead to the implementation of injectable trace mineral supplementation strategies prior to the breeding season to minimise the detrimental effects of OS and can improve semen quality.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is in a name? Scientific name changes of potentially poisonous plants and fungi in South Africa. 名字里有什么?南非潜在有毒植物和真菌的学名变化。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.160

C J Botha, A E van Wyk

{"title":"What is in a name? Scientific name changes of potentially poisonous plants and fungi in South Africa.","authors":"C J Botha, A E van Wyk","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.160","url":null,"abstract":"Changes over the past five decades in the scientific names of some potentially poisonous plants and toxigenic fungi in South Africa are briefly reviewed. Some of the reasons why taxonomists change names are highlighted. In recent years, DNA sequencing data have contributed considerably towards establishing phylogenetic relationships among plants, often resulting in changes in generic circumscription and, consequently, the names of species. Philosophical differences between the phylogenetic and the evolutionary schools of plant classification are briefly explained as these may manifest as different classifications for the same group of plants. Although choice of classification remains the prerogative of the end-user of plant names, in this review, the classifications for plants currently adopted by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in its online database, Plants of Southern Africa (POSA), were followed. Noteworthy generic changes include Pachystigma to Vangueria, Homeria to Moraea, and Urginia to Drimia. Following much controversy, the species native to southern Africa that were formerly treated as Acacia are now classified in either Vachellia or Senegalia, with the genus name Acacia being retained for the mainly Australian members of the group, the latter commonly known as wattles. Former southern African members of Acacia implicated in poisoning include Vachellia erioloba(camel thorn), Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii (paperbark thorn), and Senegalia caffra (common hook thorn).","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Successful treatment of a South African cat with effusive feline infectious peritonitis with remdesivir. 用瑞德西韦成功治疗一只南非猫的渗出性猫传染性腹膜炎。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.238

M Bohm

引用次数: 4

Resolution of feline Mycobacterium panniculitis despite protracted treatment with methylprednisolone acetate. 长期服用醋酸甲基强的松龙治疗后，猫全膜分枝杆菌炎的消退。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.229

M Bohm

引用次数: 0

Successful treatment of babesiosis in a south-western black rhinoceros(Diceros bicornis bicornis). 成功治疗西南黑犀牛(Diceros bicornis bicornis)巴贝斯虫病。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.478

D E Zimmermann, I Vorster, C Dreyer, W Fowlds, B L Penzhorn

{"title":"Successful treatment of babesiosis in a south-western black rhinoceros(Diceros bicornis bicornis).","authors":"D E Zimmermann, I Vorster, C Dreyer, W Fowlds, B L Penzhorn","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.478","url":null,"abstract":"Under stressful conditions, black rhinoceroses that are sub-clinical carriers of Babesia bicornis can succumb to babesiosis. After 16 days in captivity, a five-year-old female black rhino captured for relocation presented with inappetence, abdominal discomfort and constipation. After chemical immobilisation, dry faecal balls were removed from the rectum, peripheral blood smears were made and blood collected into EDTA tubes. She was treated prophylactically for colic with flunixin meglumine, penicillin and doramectin. Piroplasms were seen on fixed and stained peripheral blood smears. Overnight she developed severe haemoglobinuria, a sign consistent with babesiosis. Subsequently, DNA extracted from a blood specimen reacted with the B. bicornis probe on Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assay, confirming the diagnosis of babesiosis. Specific treatment consisted of 14 ml imidocarb dipropionate (dosage 2.4 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly by pole syringe. Fifteen days later the patient was still moderately anaemic, with the red blood cell (RBC) count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration within normal ranges but on microscopic examination there was a marked RBC macrocytosis and polychromasia indicative of a regenerative anaemia. DNA extracted from blood collected at that time did not react with the B. bicornis probe on RLB assay, indicating that treatment with imidocarb had been effective. Once the patient's appetite improved, she started gaining weight. After 82 days in captivity and 65 days after babesiosis had been diagnosed, she was released at the site where she had been captured.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"139-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans: Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from Rattus species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa. 引起人类胃肠炎的人畜共患病原体的分子检测:从南非西北省养鸡场的鼠种中分离出沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和大肠埃希菌。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.83

T A Ramatla, N Mphuthi, T Ramaili, M Taioe, O Thekisoe, M Syakalima

{"title":"Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans: Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from Rattus species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa.","authors":"T A Ramatla, N Mphuthi, T Ramaili, M Taioe, O Thekisoe, M Syakalima","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.83","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are key carriers and reservoirs of various pathogens of public health importance to both human and animal diseases. This research was carried out in order to identify the selected pathogens, namely, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from rats that inhabit the poultry houses. A total of 154 samples from captured rats were examined for the zoonotic bacterial pathogens, of which 3.3%, 29.9% and 20.7% were harbouring Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli, respectively. A total of 14 Shigella isolates expressed presence of ipaH gene, of which eight and five were positive for S. sonnei and S. boydii, respectively. For Salmonella, 68 isolates were positive for invA and other genes including spy with 26 (38%), sdfI 2 (18%), spvC 14 (20%), hilA 28 (41%), misL 43 (63%), orfL 31 (46%) and spiC 38 (56%). For E. coli, the aggR gene was the most prevalent (62 [42%]), followed by the eae gene, which was only detected in 21 (14%) isolates, while stx gene was not detected in any of the samples. This study shows that zoonotic pathogens with virulence genes are circulating in rodents from selected chicken farms in the North West Province of South Africa. Rodents must therefore be regarded as important carriers of zoonotic pathogens that can potentially infect both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatiotemporal analysis of African swine fever outbreaks on South African smallholder farms, 1993-2018. 1993-2018年南非小农农场非洲猪瘟疫情时空分析

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.161

C A Mushagalusa, M-L Penrith, E M C Etter

{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of African swine fever outbreaks on South African smallholder farms, 1993-2018.","authors":"C A Mushagalusa, M-L Penrith, E M C Etter","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.161","url":null,"abstract":"African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of swine worldwide. ASF in South Africa has for many years been confined to a controlled area in the northeast of the country that was proclaimed in 1935. Since 2012, outbreaks are more likely to occur in the historically ASF-free area. This study aimed to analyse the spatial and spatiotemporal structure of ASF outbreaks in South Africa between 1993 and 2018. Global space-time clustering of ASF outbreaks was investigated by the Diggle space-time K-function while Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic was applied to detect local cluster of ASF outbreaks. Globally, ASF outbreaks exhibit statistically significant spatial clustering. They have shown a significant negative space-time interaction at month scale (p = 0.003) but no significant space-time interaction at year scale (p = 0.577), revealing strong evidence that ASF cases that are close in space occur in months which are close and vice versa. In studying local area space-time clustering at both month and year scale, three significant local clusters associated with high-rate were detected. These clusters are localised in both the ASF-controlled area and outside the controlled area with radius varying from 60.84 km up to 271.43 km and risk ratio varying from 6.61 up to 17.70. At month scale, clusters with more outbreaks were observed between June 2017 and August 2017 and involved 22 outbreaks followed by the cluster that involved 13 outbreaks in January 2012. These results show the need to maintain high biosecurity standards on pig farms in both inside and outside the ASF-controlled areas.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sources of error in acid-base analysis from a blood gas analyser result: a narrative review. 血气分析仪结果中酸碱分析误差的来源:叙述性回顾。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.163

A R Kadwa, J F Grace, G E Zeiler

{"title":"Sources of error in acid-base analysis from a blood gas analyser result: a narrative review.","authors":"A R Kadwa, J F Grace, G E Zeiler","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.163","url":null,"abstract":"Preservation of blood pH within a narrow range is essential to optimal physiological function. This narrow pH range is maintained via the interactions of various buffer systems. Blood gas analysis is thus essential in the diagnosis and management of disorders affecting blood pH. Common methods of acid-base interpretation in veterinary science are the traditional approach, the physicochemical approach and the semiquantitative approach. However, blood gas analysis is prone to error during the preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of the laboratory process. The pre-analytical phase incorporates steps in obtaining the sample, thus sources of pre-analytical error are related to operator technique. Most errors occur during the pre-analytical phase. Pre-analytical errors include entrainment of air bubbles into the sample and delays between sampling and analysis, both of which cause inaccurate measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. The analytical phase outlines processes within the analyser. Common analytical errors are related to substances confounding analyte measurements. The post-analytical phase mainly describes interpretation of the results. Some of the approaches to acid-base interpretation require extensive post-analytical calculations, thus lending themselves to error. Errors occurring during the prior phases will be amplified. Errors in the measurement of the carbon dioxide tension (from which bicarbonate concentration and base excess are calculated) will introduce error into all three methods of acid-base interpretation. Furthermore, errors occurring in the measurements of electrolytes and lactate will result in incorrect interpretations if the physicochemical and semiquantitative approaches are applied. The potential sources of error during the various phases are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Predictors of foaling outcomes in barren and maiden Thoroughbred mares in South Africa. 南非不育和未婚纯种马产驹结果的预测因子。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.519

M Scholtz, A J Guthrie, G T Fosgate, M L Schulman

{"title":"Predictors of foaling outcomes in barren and maiden Thoroughbred mares in South Africa.","authors":"M Scholtz, A J Guthrie, G T Fosgate, M L Schulman","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.519","url":null,"abstract":"Population demographics and reproductive performance of Thoroughbred populations have been described, but the most recent assessment of the South African Thoroughbred population was reported two decades ago. Objectives of this study were to report demographic data for selected Thoroughbred breeding populations and to analyse selected mare-level variables in association with foaling outcomes, as predictors of reproductive performance. The National Horseracing Authority of Southern Africa's stud health scheme requires annual screening of Thoroughbred stallions, maiden and barren mares for venereal pathogens prior to breeding. In 2018 and 2019, 1 065 and 1 207 horses were sampled, respectively. Demographic data were sourced from laboratory sample submission forms that accompanied samples and supplemented by data gathered from the annual Thoroughbred foal identification programme. Univariate analysis of candidate predictors of successful foaling outcomes was performed followed by assessment in a multivariable model.Median ages of mares and stallions tested in 2018 and 2019 were nine and 11 years, respectively. Nearly twice the number of barren compared to maiden mares were tested in each year, and failure to conceive was the most common reported reason for classification as barren. Of mares tested in 2018 and 2019, 68.1% (95% CI 65.1, 70.9) and 63.3% (95% CI 60.4, 66.1), respectively, subsequently produced foals that were presented for identification. Mare age, rather than reproductive status, was a significant predictor of having a foal presented for identification. In conclusion, novel demographic data were described for South African Thoroughbred populations. Seasonal foaling rate as the selected measure of reproductive performance for sampled mares ranged from 63.3% to 68.1% and declined with increasing mare age.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40505698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0