Journal of the South African Veterinary Association最新文献

{"title":"Haemostatic changes associated with fluid resuscitation in canine parvoviral enteritis.","authors":"Zandri Whitehead, Amelia Goddard, Willem J Botha, Paolo Pazzi","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2005","url":null,"abstract":"The haemostatic status of dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, within 24 h of admission after initial fluid administration, has been described previously, but the haemostatic status at admission and after standard fluid resuscitation, as well as after initial fluid redistribution, has not been investigated previously. The objective of this study was to characterise the haemostatic status at admission and describe the effect of crystalloid fluid resuscitation on haemostatic variables in dogs with CPV enteritis. Twenty-seven client-owned, hospitalised dogs with confirmed natural CPV infection and 15 healthy age-matched controls were included in a prospective, observational clinical study. The volume of resuscitation fluid, haematocrit (HCT), platelet count, thromboelastography (TEG) variables, antithrombin (AT) activity, fibrinogen- and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured in all dogs at admission, after fluid resuscitation and, in 10 dogs, after receiving an additional 3 hours of maintenance-rate crystalloid fluids. For the CPV group at admission, the median TEG reaction time (R) and maximum amplitude (MA) or clot strength, as well as the median HCT, fibrinogen and CRP concentrations, were significantly increased compared to the controls. After fluid resuscitation, median R was significantly shorter, MA significantly increased and HCT and AT activity significantly decreased compared to admission values. The haemostatic variables remained unchanged after 3 h of maintenance-rate crystalloid therapy. The increased clot strength present in dogs with CPV enteritis at admission was exacerbated after fluid resuscitation and persisted for hours after large-volume crystalloid fluid administration.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38257620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of practical experience on theoretical knowledge at different cognitive levels.","authors":"Rhoda Leask,&nbsp;Tanita Cronje,&nbsp;Dietmar E Holm,&nbsp;Linda Van Ryneveld","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although theoretical training of veterinary students is uncomplicated even for larger groups, practical training remains a challenge. Much has been said about the value of practical training in curriculum design. Yet, the impact of practical training on theoretical knowledge needs further research. A cohort of 89 students with very limited clinical practical experience completed an assessment at the end of their theoretical training in small ruminants. The scores obtained by the students were compared with those obtained by a group of 35 veterinarians who volunteered to participate in the study. In addition to comparing the scores between students and practitioners, the cognitive level of each of the questions was considered. Overall, veterinarians achieved higher test scores than did the students. The veterinarians outperformed the students in all cognitive levels except for 'applying' type questions where there was no difference. Different levels of experience, namely young veterinarians (n = 11), established veterinarians (n = 13) and veterinarians approaching retirement (n = 11), were evaluated against the revised Bloom's cognitive levels. When modelling congress attendance frequency, years' experience, proportion of time spent with ruminants and revised Bloom's levels, congress attendance was not a significant variable, and thus, only the other three variables remained. This investigation found that practical experience has a positive effect on theoretical knowledge. The type of practical experience and where such practical experience is included in a curriculum need further research. Working for a number of years in a specific discipline will provide the best support for theoretical knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38257618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of virulence genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken faeces in Mafikeng, South Africa.","authors":"Tsepo A Ramatla,&nbsp;Nthabiseng Mphuthi,&nbsp;Taole Ramaili,&nbsp;Moeti O Taioe,&nbsp;Oriel M M Thekisoe,&nbsp;Michelo Syakalima","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chickens have been implicated in most Salmonella disease outbreaks because they act as carriers of the pathogen in their gut. There are over 2500 serotypes of Salmonella that have been reported worldwide and 2000 of these serovars can be found in chickens. The main objective of this study was to determine the Salmonella serotypes found in poultry farms around Mafikeng district, South Africa. Salmonella was identified according to the guidelines of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO 6579:2002) standard techniques. Faecal samples were collected and analysed for Salmonella using conventional cultural methods and polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S Ribosomal Deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) gene for Salmonella identification. Out of 130 presumptive Salmonella isolates determined by urease and triple sugar iron tests, only 46 isolates were identified as Salmonella serotypes of which S. Typhimurium was the most frequent with 18 (39.1%), followed by S. Heidelberg with 9 (19.6%), S. bongori with 7 (15.2%), S. Enteritidis with 6 (13.0%) and both S. Paratyphi B and S. Newport with 3 (6.5%) each. Seven virulence genes including invA 100%, spy 39%, hilA 9%, misL 30%, sdfI 13%, orfL 11% and spiC 9% were detected from these Salmonella isolates in this study. The presence of these virulence genes indicates high pathogenicity potential of these isolates which is a serious public health concern because of zoonotic potential of Salmonella.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38257619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial angiomyxoma in a pregnant cow.","authors":"Annalisa Rizzo,&nbsp;Leonardo Della Salda,&nbsp;Mariarita Romanucci,&nbsp;Stefano Ciccarelli,&nbsp;Carmela Valastro,&nbsp;Michela Galgano,&nbsp;Raffaele L Sciorsci","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 3-year-old, pregnant, Alpine Brown cow showed a rapidly growing, pedunculated, skin mass located at the umbilical region, reaching 8 kg in weight over a 3-month period after its initial detection. Six days after parturition, the mass was completely surgically excised. During the follow-up period, the cow remained in good health, without signs of recurrence, and showed increased milk production. Histological examination of the mass revealed a loose proliferation of spindle-shaped or stellate cells, immersed in an abundant myxoid matrix with admixed numerous thin-walled blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin. Gross and histopathological features were compatible with superficial angiomyxoma, a subtype of angiomyxoma rarely described in humans, but not in the veterinary literature. The tumour did not infiltrate into the surrounding tissues, and there was no post-excision recurrence after 3 months. The possibility of hormonal dependence of the tumour during pregnancy is discussed based on such findings in some human cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38256774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of African swine fever outbreaks in pigs outside the controlled areas of South Africa, 2012-2017.","authors":"Leana Janse van Rensburg, Juanita Van Heerden, Mary-Louise Penrith, Livio E Heath, Thapelo Rametse, Eric M C Etter","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1997","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>South Africa historically experienced sporadic African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in domestic pigs in the northern parts of the country. This was subsequently indicated to be because of spillover from the sylvatic cycle of ASF between warthog and tampans (soft ticks) in the area. South Africa declared this area an ASF-controlled area in 1935, and the area is still controlled in terms of the Animal Diseases Act, 1984 (Act 35 of 1984). Two main epidemics of ASF in domestic pigs were identified outside of the South African ASF-controlled area. The first occurred in 2012 with outbreaks in Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces, and the second occurred in 2016-2017 with outbreaks in the North West, Free State and Northern Cape provinces. These were the first ASF epidemics in South Africa associated with transmission of the disease via a domestic cycle. This study found that the spread of ASF in these epidemics was mainly via auctions, swill feeding and scavenging. These three aspects need to be addressed in terms of awareness and education on the disease including implementation of biosecurity measures in order to prevent future ASF outbreaks in South Africa. Specific biosecurity measures should be implemented in the semi-commercial sector to prevent ASF-infected pigs and pig products from being moved to naïve pigs and therefore spreading the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7433221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38257617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasites of veterinary importance from domestic animals in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province.","authors":"Lehlohonolo S Mofokeng,&nbsp;Oriel M Taioe,&nbsp;Nico J Smit,&nbsp;Oriel M M Thekisoe","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia infecting domestic animals from three municipalities in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 208 blood samples collected from clinically healthy cattle, sheep, goats and dogs from uMkhanyakude district were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using either genus or species-specific primers to determine the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of various protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia of veterinary importance. A total of 5/109 (4.6%) cattle were PCR-positive for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, 33/109 (30.3%) for Babesia bovis, 24/109 (22.02%) for Babesia bigemina and 20/109 (18.3%) for Trypanosoma sp., while 3/10 (30%) of sheep were PCR-positive for Theileria ovis and none of the goats were positive for any of the detected pathogens. The co-infection of 4/109 (3.7%) B. bovis and B. bigemina was detected in cattle. Only Ehrlichia canis was detected in dogs with infection rate of 20/48 (41.7%). Sequences of PCR-positive isolates (B. bovis, B. bigemina, E. canis, T. ovis and T. gondii) showed that they were closely related to their relevant species from various countries. These findings have expanded our knowledge about the prevalence and phylogenetic similarity between protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia isolates of South African origin. To date, this is the first study in South Africa to detect T. gondii infections from cattle blood using PCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38257616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative Otobius megnini-associated clinical signs in horses in South Africa (2012-2018).","authors":"Sean M Miller","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otobius megnini has been associated with certain clinical conditions in horses in both California and Mexico. A number of cases similar to those described previously have been identified by the author in South Africa. This case report summarises these cases to demonstrate that the clinical condition occurs readily in South Africa and may be increasing in occurrence. The disease has minimal coverage in the literature making it more likely that a veterinarian, unfamiliar with the disease, will miss the diagnosis. The author would like to make veterinarians aware of this as a potential differential diagnosis. This study is a retrospective review of clinical data. Clinical records of patients with similar clinical signs and treatment were reviewed and grouped together as relevant cases for this case report. Ten cases of O. megnini associated neuromuscular dysfunction are reported, suggesting a link between the occurrence of the tick and the clinical condition. Clinical signs include third eyelid prolapse, localised muscle fasciculations, elevated heart rate and limb stamping. Serum chemistry changes commonly show increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzymes activities. The occurrence of the ticks within South Africa and the increasing number of cases presented demonstrate the need for more investigation into the pathophysiology of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human rabies associated with domestic cat exposures in South Africa, 1983-2018.","authors":"Antoinette A Grobbelaar, Lucille H Blumberg, Veerle Dermaux-Msimang, Chantel A Le Roux, Naazneen Moolla, Janusz T Paweska, Jacqueline Weyer","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2036","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.2036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7433215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations and perceptions of veterinarians and farmers on heartwater distribution, occurrence and associated factors in South Africa.","authors":"Rhoda Leask,&nbsp;Gareth F Bath","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is currently no scientific evidence regarding the current climatic or other epidemiological factors that could influence the occurrence of heartwater in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective was to determine whether climatic changes or other epidemiological factors influence the occurence of heartwater in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A survey was conducted to scrutinise these factors using both veterinarians and farmers working in known areas in which heartwater had previously been confirmed to establish the value of each of these factors. Based on the observations, meaningful tendencies were noted, and conclusions drawn.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These include changes in the spatial distribution of heartwater in many areas, with serious expansion, in some instances, of up to 150 km. In total, 48% of veterinarians and 42% of farmers reported seeing increase in the number of farms affected by heartwater. Climate change as a causative factor indicated by observations of increased average temperatures, milder frosts, less rain and shorter rainy seasons was identified by the majority of farmers but not by as many veterinarians. Respondents in both groups considered vegetation change an important factor. Increasing number of wildlife, especially antelope, was seen as a major factor by most veterinarians and also by many farmers. Both groups identified the movement of livestock and wildlife as an increasingly important factor that should be of major concern for both industries because it leads to the avoidable spread of many diseases apart from heartwater.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Movement controls should be reinstated and reinforced by vigorously enforced legislation. The role of genetically determined resistance or resilience to heartwater infection in ruminants should be investigated. Breeding better adapted animals could provide part of a sustainable approach to the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of peripartum on the erythrogram of Holstein dairy cows.","authors":"Renan B Paiano, Daniela B Birgel, Eduardo H Birgel Junior","doi":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1975","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripartum is a challenging phase for the health of cows.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study analysed the haematological profile of Holstein cows during peripartum.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Blood samples were collected on days 18, 12, 8, 5 and 2 before calving, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 postpartum. Analyses of red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and RBC distribution width were performed; body condition score (BCS) and milk yield were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Red blood cell (the highest value was 6.10 × 1012/L at parturition and the lowest recorded value was 5.03 × 1012/L 21 days after parturition), haemoglobin and haematocrit (the highest values were 10.48 g/dL and 33.47% at parturition, respectively and the lowest values were 8.28 g/dL and 26.13% on day 30 after parturition, respectively); BCS (the highest and the lowest values were 3.50 points and 2.73 points on days 18 before parturition and 45 after parturition, respectively) and milk production (the lowest and the highest values were 21.48 L and 27.02 L on days 7 and 45 after parturition, respectively) were significantly different (p 0.05) during the peripartum period. Of the total cows (n = 48), 41.7% had RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit below the reference intervals during at least one collection point during the postpartum period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that dairy cows included in this investigation suffered alterations in select haematological variables during the postpartum period.</p>","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"91 0","pages":"e1-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7343918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}