Journal of the South African Veterinary Association最新文献_第2页

African horse sickness vaccination status correlated with disease outcome in South Africa 非洲马病疫苗接种状况与南非疾病结局相关

4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.36303/jsava.573

ML Genis, JE Crafford, CT Weyer, D Pollard, JD Grewar, AJ Guthrie

引用次数: 0

Laboratory-based longitudinal surveillance of malignant catarrhal fever in Lephalale municipality in Limpopo province, South Africa: 2001–2021 2001-2021年南非林波波省勒法莱市恶性卡他热的实验室纵向监测

4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.36303/jsava.569

E Seakamela, DD Lazarus, D Malema, A Lubisi, I Matle

{"title":"Laboratory-based longitudinal surveillance of malignant catarrhal fever in Lephalale municipality in Limpopo province, South Africa: 2001–2021","authors":"E Seakamela, DD Lazarus, D Malema, A Lubisi, I Matle","doi":"10.36303/jsava.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/jsava.569","url":null,"abstract":"2021. Laboratory registry data for 385 samples were analysed. The data included the date of sampling, sample type, animal species, location and the MCF test result (PCR and/or histopathology). Altogether, 57.4% ( n = 221) of the samples were positive with a frequency of detection of 86.4% ( n = 191) and 13.6% ( n = 30) for samples tested using PCR and histopathology respectively. Of the PCR-positive samples, 99.5% were positive for AIHV-1 and 0.5% for OvHV-2. AIHV-1 infection was recorded during various seasons throughout the two decades while OvHV-2 was only reported in spring of the year 2010. Moreover, AIHV-1 was detected with a high frequency in blood (66.5%), brain (22.5%) and organ (10.5%) samples from different areas within the municipality, while OvHV-2 was only detected in blood (0.5%) samples. A retrospective study such as this provides useful information on the occurrence of MCF in the Lephalale municipality. Data from this study suggests that MCF caused by AIHV-1 is regularly diagnosed in the Lephalale municipality with concomitant adverse effects on the cattle population. Therefore, there is a need to formulate policies and strategies for disease control and enhance farmer education on the epidemiology of the disease within the study area to improve animal health and production.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lung pathology of natural Babesia rossi infection in dogs. 犬自然罗氏巴贝斯虫感染的肺部病理。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.523

C Martin, S Clift, A Leisewitz

{"title":"Lung pathology of natural Babesia rossi infection in dogs.","authors":"C Martin, S Clift, A Leisewitz","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.523","url":null,"abstract":"A proportion of Babesia rossi infections in dogs are classified as complicated and one of the most lethal complications is acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Most dogs that die succumb within 24 hours of presentation. The pulmonary pathology caused by B. rossi in dogs has not been described. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical description of the lung changes seen in dogs naturally infected with B. rossi that succumbed to the infection. Death was invariably accompanied by alveolar oedema. Histopathology showed acute interstitial pneumonia characterised by alveolar oedema and haemorrhages, with increased numbers of mononuclear leucocytes in alveolar walls and lumens. Intra-alveolar polymerised fibrin aggregates were observed in just over half the infected cases. Immunohistochemistry showed increased numbers of MAC387- and CD204-reactive monocyte-macrophages in alveolar walls and lumens, and increased CD3-reactive T-lymphocytes in alveolar walls, compared with controls. These histological features overlap to some extent (but far from perfectly) with the histological pattern of lung injury referred to as the exudative stage of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) as is quite commonly reported in ALI/ARDS.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9683856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new approach to the vasectomy of African lions (Panthera leo). 非洲狮输精管结扎术的新方法。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.541

B A T Gazendam, O H Monakali, N Landman, K N Koeppel

引用次数: 0

Development of a novel immobilisation protocol for black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus ssp. petersi) in Etosha National Park. 黑脸黑斑羚(Aepyceros melampus ssp)新型固定方案的发展。彼得西)在埃托沙国家公园。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.513

C H Moeller, K W Delk, S Rao, T R Love, C C Cloete, K R Mama

{"title":"Development of a novel immobilisation protocol for black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus ssp. petersi) in Etosha National Park.","authors":"C H Moeller, K W Delk, S Rao, T R Love, C C Cloete, K R Mama","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.513","url":null,"abstract":"Black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus ssp. petersi) are endemic to Namibia where conservation management involves immobilisation and translocation, and mortality with current protocols is common. Critically evaluated field immobilisation protocols are needed to maximise animal safety. This prospective study was done in two phases: the first compared etorphine- and thiafentanil-based combinations, the second evaluated the influence of oxygen in impala receiving the thiafentanil-based combination. Animals (10 per group) received 50 mg ketamine (K) and 10 mg butorphanol (B), with either 2.0 mg etorphine (E) or 2.0 mg thiafentanil (T). A third group of ten impala were anaesthetised using TKB with supplemental nasal oxygen (O) at a rate of 5 L/minute. Behavioural, metabolic and physiological variables were assessed within five minutes of recumbency and at 10, 15, and 20 minutes post-recumbency. Statistical analyses for non-parametric data were performed to compare the treatment groups as well as time points; p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Following darting, 7/10 EKB animals were standing when approached, compared to 2/20 in the thiafentanil treatment groups. Time to first effect was significantly higher for EKB (155 ± 105.7 seconds) compared to TKBO (61.5 ± 21.4 seconds). Time to sternal after darting was significantly higher with EKB (411.6 ± 174 seconds) compared to TKB (160.5 ± 85.4 seconds) and TKBO (166 ± 77.3 seconds). This study builds on previous work investigating the effects of potent opioids on impala and is the first evaluating their use in a field setting. The thiafentanil combination had a faster onset and resulted in a smoother induction than the etorphine combination. Additionally, oxygenation improved in animals receiving oxygen supplementation.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9683859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new approach to the vasectomy of African lions (Panthera leo). 非洲狮输精管结扎术的新方法。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.541

Bat Gazendam, OH Monakali, N. Landman, KN Koeppel

引用次数: 0

Poikilocytosis of Angora goats is associated with erythrocyte density and reticulocytosis. 安哥拉山羊多囊性红细胞增多症与红细胞密度和网状红细胞增多症有关。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.547

S D C Parsons, D Becks, A Vermeulen, M Hobson, R M Warren, E H Hooijberg

{"title":"Poikilocytosis of Angora goats is associated with erythrocyte density and reticulocytosis.","authors":"S D C Parsons, D Becks, A Vermeulen, M Hobson, R M Warren, E H Hooijberg","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.547","url":null,"abstract":"Angora goats in South Africa experience several syndromes that result in notable morbidity and mortality in juveniles and adults, but not kids. Insight into their causes is hampered by the lack of normal reference values for this breed, and the present study therefore aimed to characterise (1) differences in the haematology of healthy kids at birth and weaning, and (2) the haematology of apparently healthy yearlings. Selected variables were measured by blood smear analysis, and complete blood counts were performed using an ADVIA 2120i. Variables at 1, 11, and 20 weeks of age were compared using the Friedman test and associations between variables of yearlings were determined by correlation analysis. In kids, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and poikilocytosis increased over time, while mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased. Yearlings displayed a lower MCHC, and higher haemoglobin distribution width than previously reported for goats, and these were positively correlated with poikilocytosis, as were reticulocyte counts. White cell counts of yearlings exceeded normal values previously reported for goats, with some individuals displaying remarkably high mature neutrophil counts. Changes in haemoglobin variant expression or cation and water fluxes are possible explanations for the findings in kids, while in yearlings, the associations between MCHC, HDW, poikilocytosis, and reticulocytosis suggest alterations in red cell hydration in adulthood that are associated with increased red cell turnover. These findings may prove informative in the further investigation of various clinical syndromes in this population.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9683865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chemical immobilisation of lions: weighing up drug effectiveness versus clinical effects. 狮子的化学固定:权衡药物有效性与临床效果。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.544

A C Donaldson, A Fuller, L C R Meyer, P E Buss

{"title":"Chemical immobilisation of lions: weighing up drug effectiveness versus clinical effects.","authors":"A C Donaldson, A Fuller, L C R Meyer, P E Buss","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.544","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of an effective drug combination to immobilise African lions (Panthera leo) requires balancing immobilisation effectiveness with potential side effects. We compared the immobilisation effectiveness and changes to physiological variables induced by three drug combinations used for free-ranging African lions. The lions (12 animals per drug combination) were immobilised with tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM), ketamine-medetomidine (KM) or ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine (KBM). Induction, immobilisation, and recovery were timed, evaluated using a scoring system, and physiological variables were monitored. The drugs used for immobilisation were antagonised with atipamezole and naltrexone. The quality of induction was rated as excellent for all drug combinations and induction times (mean ± SD) did not differ between the groups (10.54 ± 2.67 min for TZM, 10.49 ± 2.63 min for KM, and 11.11 ± 2.91 min for KBM). Immobilisation depth was similar over the immobilisation period in the TZM and KBM groups, and initially light, progressing to deeper in lions administered KM. Heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral arterial haemoglobin saturation with oxygen were within the expected range for healthy, awake lions in all groups. All lions were severely hypertensive and hyperthermic throughout the immobilisation. Following antagonism of immobilising drugs, lions immobilised with KM and KBM recovered to walking sooner than those immobilised with TZM, at 15.29 ± 10.68 min, 10.88 ± 4.29 min and 29.73 ± 14.46 min, respectively. Only one lion in the KBM group exhibited ataxia during recovery compared to five and four lions in the TZM and KM groups, respectively. All three drug combinations provided smooth inductions and effective immobilisations but resulted in hypertension. KBM had an advantage of allowing for shorter, less ataxic recoveries.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Liver moisture content in animals and possible causes of variations in hepatic dry matter content. 动物肝脏水分含量和肝脏干物质含量变化的可能原因。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.518

J B J van Ryssen, E C Webb, J G Myburgh

{"title":"Liver moisture content in animals and possible causes of variations in hepatic dry matter content.","authors":"J B J van Ryssen, E C Webb, J G Myburgh","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.518","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of trace elements in the liver is used as an indicator of the mineral nutritional status of an animal, as a benchmark of environmental mineral exposure, to follow the metabolism of an element in the body and for various other purposes. Concentrations are expressed on a wet (fresh) liver basis or on a dry liver basis. From a literature search and evidence from an analytical laboratory, large variations (varying from < 20% to > 40%) have been recorded on the percentage of moisture in the livers of ruminants. Such variations potentially compromise the interpretation of results on mineral concentrations in livers, and preclude robust comparisons between studies. Among the factors that can affect the moisture content of livers are: inconsistencies in sampling and preparation of liver samples; exposure to toxic substances; ill-health of the animal; fat content of the liver; and age of the animal. It was estimated that the mean dry matter (DM) content of the livers of healthy ungulates containing less than 1% liver fat is between 27.5% and 28.5%, and on a fat-free basis 25-26% DM. For routine analyses of liver samples it is suggested that to limit variations owing to differences in liver moisture content, liver mineral concentrations should be expressed on a DM basis, and for in-depth scientific studies on mineral metabolism on a dry, fat-free basis. However, if mineral concentrations are expressed on a wet basis, it is advisable to supply the liver DM content as well.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning outcomes for the education and training of laboratory animal caretakers in South Africa. 南非实验动物饲养员的教育和培训的学习成果。

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.36303/JSAVA.520

A J Mohr, J S Magagula, D I Lewis

{"title":"Learning outcomes for the education and training of laboratory animal caretakers in South Africa.","authors":"A J Mohr, J S Magagula, D I Lewis","doi":"10.36303/JSAVA.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.520","url":null,"abstract":"Education and training is essential for laboratory animal caretakers (LACs), but there are no courses available in South Africa. A national workshop was thus held to collaboratively establish the learning outcomes (LOs) for the education and training (E&T) of LACs. Eighty-five stakeholders from 30 institutions took part in small group discussions interspersed with plenary sessions to draw up the consensus LOs. One-hundred-and-twenty LOs were identified, grouped into the following three main themes and 15 topics: 1) Focus on animals (animal care and husbandry, animal ethics, animal welfare, basic biology, environment); 2) Focus on humans (administration, health and safety, lifelong learning, professionalism, psychological wellbeing); and 3) Focus on systems (biosecurity, equipment, jurisprudence, logistics, and quality management). This E&T framework provides a foundation for a career path in the laboratory animal science field. The psychological (i.e. mental and emotional) wellbeing of LACs forms a noteworthy component of the focus on humans, since working with research animals is stressful and coping mechanisms are needed in order to promote compassion satisfaction and prevent compassion fatigue and burnout. Approximately 75% of the LOs are knowledge-based, while 25% are competencies in practical skills. It is recommended that competencies should be assessed by direct observation of practical/procedural skills, where competence in a procedure or practical task is assessed against predetermined criteria. These LOs are published with the intent that they will promote animal and human wellbeing, support ethical science, maintain public confidence, and in so doing, contribute to a just and civilised society.","PeriodicalId":17467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9683861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1