Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of non-invasive prenatal test technology and the prenatal screening algorithm based on various methods for determining foetal aneuploidy.","authors":"Leila Sadvakassova,&nbsp;Zhanar Kurmangali,&nbsp;Vyacheslav Beloussov,&nbsp;Zere Rakisheva,&nbsp;Milan Terzic","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-10-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-10-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) using mass parallel sequencing (MPS) to detect trisomy 13, 18, 21 and fetal sex chromosome abnormalities in maternal blood samples by isolating freely circulating foetal extracellular DNA (eDNA), and to develop an algorithm for prenatal screening.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The research methods used included blood sampling from patients, isolation of eDNA, determination of DNA concentration and quality, library preparation for sequencing, MPS using an Illumina HiSeq2000, positive and negative control samples, monitoring, and analysis of results using the distributed algorithms platform based on calculations of z-value and the average absolute deviation. Pregnant women were divided into two groups based on gestational age at sampling, group 1; 9-14 weeks and group 2; 15-27 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 377 pregnant women were included with a mean (range) age of 33 (23-44) years. The mean gestational age at the time of blood sampling in group 1 was 11 (9-14) weeks, and in group 2 was 21 (15-27) weeks. In the first group, three cases of trisomy 18 chromosomes were detected in patients aged 43 years old, and female children were subsequently born with Edwards syndrome. In the second group, one case of trisomy 21 was detected in a patient aged 36 years and the pregnancy was terminated at 25 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis of freely circulating foetal eDNA was a sensitive method for detecting chromosomal abnormalities. The study has a practical significance, since the NIPT for frequent aneuploidy considerably exceeds the effectiveness of traditional screening methods and allows identifying chromosomal disorders starting from the 9th week of the gestation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/89/JTGGA-24-152.PMC10493820.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10569465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the human papillomavirus knowledge scale: a methodological study.","authors":"Feyza Demir Bozkurt,&nbsp;Serpil Özdemir","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-10-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-10-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to test validity and reliability of the Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS) in Turkish.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The methodological study was conducted with 920 participants at a training and research hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between February and May 2019. The data collection form consisted of descriptive characteristics of the participants and HPV-KS. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Reported Measures were followed for the language and cultural adaptation of the scale. Content validity, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the validity of the scale. The scale's reliability was assessed using the item-total correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In line with the experts' suggestions, two item were excluded from the scale. The scale content validity index was found to be 0.96. The exploratory factor analysis determined the four subscales of the scale with 33-items. The explained variance was found to be 64.56%. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all the goodness of fit indexes had acceptable values. The item-total correlations determined that each item was positively correlated with the total scale ranging from 0.53 to 0.80. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for the overall scale was 0.96. It was found that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between test and retest (r=0.166; p=0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The scale was shown to be a valid and reliable standard measurement that can be used to accurately evaluate the efficacy of health education provided by healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/42/JTGGA-24-177.PMC10493809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10569464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the ovarian reserve in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a prospective longitudinal study","authors":"Aykut Özcan,&nbsp;Varol Gülseren,&nbsp;Esin Özcan,&nbsp;Emrah Toz,&nbsp;Volkan Turan","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Repeated blood transfusions in women with beta-thalassemia major (BTM) may lead to iron overload and increase oxidative stress, consequently resulting in ovarian damage. The aim was to evaluate alterations in ovarian reserve in transfusion-dependent BTM patients over a time period of one year and to compare levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with BTM and their healthy peers.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This longitudinal prospective study was conducted in women with transfusion-dependent BTM at a tertiary level hospital. The hospital database was interogated for women diagnosed with BTM between 1996 and 2021. AMH levels were assessed at baseline and one year later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one women with BTM were identified, of whom 25 (60.9%) had amenorrhea and 16 (39.1%) had normal cycles. The mean AMH level of all women was 2.7±1.8 ng/mL at baseline, significantly lower than the age-matched nomogram value of 4.0±0.4 ng/mL for a healthy population (p=0.001). The baseline AMH level of patients with amenorrhea were significantly lower than patients with normal menstrual cycles (2.1±1.8 vs. 3.6±1.5 ng/mL, p=0.009). After one-year follow-up, there was a trend towards a decrease in the AMH levels of patients with normal menstrual cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum AMH values are decreased in patients with transfusion-dependent BTM. BTM patients should be educated about the possible effects of repeated blood transfusions on fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/70/JTGGA-24-159.PMC10493813.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of laparoscopic pectopexy with the standard laparoscopic sacropexy for apical prolapse: an exploratory randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kavita Khoiwal,&nbsp;Kanhu Charan Dash,&nbsp;Amrita Gaurav,&nbsp;Jaya Chaturvedi","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare laparoscopic pectopexy with the standard laparoscopic sacropexy in women with symptomatic apical prolapse.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An interim analysis of an exploratory randomized controlled trial with the primary objective of comparing mesh fixation time and secondary objectives were to compare total operating time, blood loss, and intra-operative and post-operative complications. Additionally, patients completed the Prolapse Quality of Life (P-QOL) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) questionnaires before surgery and during six months follow-up visit to evaluate the overall improvement in quality of life and sexual function. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) score was calculated on the 7-10^th day post-operatively and then at six months to assess the level of improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 30 patients; 15 underwent laparoscopic sacropexy, and 15 underwent laparoscopic pectopexy. Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. The mean duration of mesh fixation was significantly less with laparoscopic pectopexy (45.00±11.34 minutes) than laparoscopic sacropexy (54.67±9.35 minutes) (p=0.019). The total operating time and blood loss tended to be less in the pectopexy group, but not significantly so. Only one patient in the pectopexy group had a bladder injury. No patient in either group had any post-operative complications. One case in each group had a relapse of apical prolapse. All the domains of PISQ-12, P-QOL, and PGI-I scores improved significantly after both procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laparoscopic pectopexy is a safe, feasible, and comfortable alternative procedure to the standard sacropexy for apical prolapse. We noted significantly less mesh fixation time and less operating time, while blood loss tended to be less with laparoscopic pectopexy than with laparoscopic sacropexy. Post-operative parameters were comparable between techniques. Both corrective techniques for prolapse improved the PGI-I, P-QOL, and PISQ-12 scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/ad/JTGGA-24-144.PMC10493818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No birth sex ratio difference between Mexican and non-Mexican births in Mexico.","authors":"Victor Grech","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2023-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2023-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2023-3-6 Address for Correspondence: Victor Grech e.mail: victor.e.grech@gov.mt ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3373-0478 Received: 06 April, 2023 Accepted: 25 May, 2023 To the Editor, The sex ratio at birth is expected to be approximately 0.515, calculated as male births divided by total births (M/T), thus a slight excess of males. Acute stress in the general population may cause M/T depressions, as evidenced by the M/T dip observed after the Great Recession of 2007 in the United States (1). Significant racial differences have been noted and attributed to innate and minor physiological differences, but chronic stress has been proposed as a possible cause (2). A recent paper showed that M/T was depressed in Mexico when compared to a global reference dataset (3,4). This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether Mexican M/T was similar to M/T in non-Mexican births in the same study cohort (4). Ethical approval was not required as data was comprised of free and anonymous datasets from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Mexico’s National Institute of Statistics and Geography. For the same reason, informed consent was not obtained. Live births by sex, year and nationality [Mexican or non-Mexican (“Extranjero”)] were available for the period January 2010-December 2020. The equations of Fleiss (binomial) were used to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CI) for proportions. A bespoke Excel sheet was used to perform chi square tests. A p-value <0.05 was taken to represent a statistically significant result. Mexican and nonMexican births by sex, and M/T with 95% CIs are shown in Table 1. There was no significant M/T difference between the two groups. While racial disparities in M/T could theoretically be caused by innate physiological differences, it is also possible that the differences seen may be due to chronic stress (2). Support for this comes from a comparison of racial M/T in the United States which showed that M/T was higher in Whites than in American Indian/Alaska Native, and Black/African American births (5). This was probably due to the fact that in the United States, race remains the primary determinant of socioeconomic status and stress. This accords with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis of male foetal loss in this type of stress (2). This study indirectly supports the hypothesis that innate physiological differences do not appear to affect M/T, as there were no significant differences between the low Mexican M/T and non-Mexican M/T. However, the study was limited by small numbers and a lack of breakdown of what races or ethnicities constituted the non-Mexican births.","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/5a/JTGGA-24-225.PMC10493814.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10275014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of molecular classification of endometrial carcinomas in clinical practice: how to apply it and difficulties in application","authors":"Duygu Enneli","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2023-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2023-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classification of endometrial carcinomas (EC) based solely on histological features is not sufficient for the prognostic and therapeutic guidance of patients. Furthermore, the existence of EC in which the histological type cannot be determined clearly and the poor reproducibility of histological typing have led to difficulties in clinical management. However, molecular classification of EC is very promising because of the high reproducibility and good correlation with clinical outcome. Within the scope of “the Cancer Genome Atlas Project”, EC were divided into four different genomic subtypes, and molecular classification models for EC were developed based on these molecular subcategories. The prognostic differences between these molecular subgroups and the benefit for guidance for adjuvant therapy have been clearly demonstrated in studies. In this article, the importance of molecular classification for EC is discussed and its use in clinical practice is reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/27/JTGGA-24-197.PMC10493819.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10584072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is your diagnosis?","authors":"Mishu Mangla,&nbsp;Sumitra Sivakoti,&nbsp;Spandana Gabbeta,&nbsp;Naina Kumar,&nbsp;Somalwar B Shrinivas,&nbsp;Annapurna Srirambhatla","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 3","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/58/JTGGA-24-220.PMC10493812.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10275016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing maternal and neonatal prooxidant-antioxidant balance during delivery","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi,&nbsp;Gholamali Maamouri,&nbsp;Sedigheh Ayati,&nbsp;Abbas Boskabadi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Bagheri,&nbsp;Farnaz Kalani,&nbsp;Maryam Zakerihamidi,&nbsp;Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan,&nbsp;Ali Moradi","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-9-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-9-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oxidative stress (OS) is due to a disturbance in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense, resulting in a predominance of free radicals over endogenous anti-oxidant defenses. OS may have many causes. Pregnancy, and especially delivery, are associated with increased OS. The relationship between maternal and infant prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare PAB in mother and baby pairs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 104 mothers and normal term infants during 2017-2020. PAB was measured in healthy mothers before delivery and in umbilical cord samples after delivery. Data on the infant characteristics including age, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, and maternal history including the duration of mother’s education, weight of the last month, and gravidity were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The cord and maternal PAB were compared by statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the mean PAB of the neonates and mothers was 30.76 and 214.87 HK, respectively. The results revealed a moderate association between the PAB neonate and maternal PAB before delivery but it was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the level of oxidants and antioxidants reduced during pregnancy and before delivery, and it was found that the relative incidence of neonatal PAB increases by increasing maternal PAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 2","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/f6/JTGGA-24-92.PMC10258569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9615954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dietary habits on oocyte/sperm quality.","authors":"Nilüfer Akgün, Miray Nilüfer Cimşit Kemahlı, José Bellver Pradas","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-7-15","DOIUrl":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-7-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of diet and nutritional habits on reproductive cells can be categorized in a variety of ways. In this review, the literature is divided, based on the dietary consumption effects on oocytes and sperm. Topics on dietary patterns and the intrauterine effect of maternal nutrition are covered. In general fruits, vegetables, whole greens, fish, legumes, and also dietary sources containing unsaturated fats can improve reproductive germ cell quality. In epidemiological studies, the food intake frequency questionnaire is one of the most common methods to assess diet. Due to methodological heterogeneity in dietary assessment and inadequacy in the measurement of dietary intake in the questionnaires used, several unreliable results may be reported. Thus, the quality of evidence needs to be improved, since nutritional diets may not be so simply objective and they are inadequate to explain obvious underlining mechanisms. In addition, various compounds that may be ingested can affect molecular mechanisms, influenced by other external factors (drugs, pesticides, smoking, alcohol) and changes in human nutritional parameters. Artificial Intelligence has recently gained widespread interest and may have a role in accurate analysis of dietary patterns for optimal nutritional benefit. Therefore, future prospective randomized studies and objective measurements, consisting of molecular level analysis of the impact on cells and clear-cut methods are needed for accurate assessment of the effect of dietary habits on reproductive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 2","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/ae/JTGGA-24-125.PMC10258567.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased bladder injury rate during emergency and repeat cesarean section","authors":"Ali S Khalil,&nbsp;Suneet Flora,&nbsp;Karen Hagglund,&nbsp;Muhammad Aslam","doi":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-6-15","DOIUrl":"10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-6-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bladder injury is one of the complications of cesarean section (CS). It is reported that the overall incidence of bladder injury is 0.22-0.44% of CS. It is, however, unclear what factors influence this rate. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in bladder injury rate between scheduled and emergency CS, as well as in primary and repeat CS at a large metropolitan hospital that serves a population at high risk for obstetric complications. In addition, the use of urology consultation following bladder injury and whether demographic factors and labor characteristics affect the rate of bladder injury were investigated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 8,488 records were reviewed (4,292 primary CS and 4,196 repeat CS) from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. The incidence of bladder injury was calculated and the rate of intraoperative urology/urogynecology consultation was recorded. Then the association between bladder injury and intraoperative urology/urogynecology consultation and between bladder injury and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and gestational age were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant increase in risk of bladder injury in repeat CS versus primary CS (p=0.01). There was also a significant increase in risk of bladder injury in emergency CS versus scheduled CS (p=0.04). Intraoperative urogynecology/urology consultations were significantly higher in the bladder injury versus no bladder injury groups (p<0.0001). Both emergency CS and repeat CS are predictors of bladder injury with odd ratios of 5.7 and 7.4, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results add to the existing evidence that bladder injury is a rare complication in CS that may occur more often in women undergoing repeat or emergency CS than primary or scheduled CS. Given that the risk increases with repeat or emergency CS, patients should be made aware of such risks and surgeons should make careful intraoperative considerations with close postoperative follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association","volume":"24 2","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/0b/JTGGA-24-97.PMC10258575.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9621698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}