Journal of Urban Affairs最新文献

{"title":"<i>Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace</i> , by James T. White and John Punter <b> <i>Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace</i> </b> , by James T. White and John Punter, Vancouver and Toronto, UBC Press, 2023","authors":"David P. Varady","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250216","url":null,"abstract":"\"Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace, by James T. White and John Punter.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>How to think about cities</i> , by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce <b> <i>How to think about cities</i> </b> , by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2023","authors":"Robert W. Lake","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250213","url":null,"abstract":"\"How to think about cities, by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to concentrated poverty of Blacks and Hispanics in metropolitan America, 1980–2020","authors":"John Logan, Brian Stults, Rachel McKane","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA longstanding debate asks why African Americans have been disproportionately concentrated in poor neighborhoods. All sides agree that a key contributor is the high level of poverty among Blacks, but they differ on other sources. Has the exodus of a growing Black middle class from the inner city (raising income segregation among Blacks) left the Black poor more isolated? Does persistent high racial segregation hold both middle class and poor Blacks in neighborhoods that are depressed by the high rate of Black poverty? Is poverty in Black neighborhoods mainly due to the presence of poor Black households or poor non-Black neighbors? This study addresses these questions with data for 1980–2020, and extends the analysis also to the case of Hispanic poverty exposure. Longitudinal models and detailed analysis of neighborhood composition by race and income show that the group’s own income composition is the most important predictor of poverty exposure. This effect is compounded by high racial segregation. Within-group income segregation adds to poverty concentration for Blacks but not for Hispanics. Blacks and Hispanics of all income levels live in poorer neighborhoods mainly because of the large share of their Black and Hispanic low-income neighbors, while their white neighbors tend to have higher incomes than they do.KEYWORDS: Segregationpoverty concentrationraceneighborhood Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [1R01HD075785-01A1]; National Science Foundation [SES-2147919]; Russell Sage Foundation [G-2104-31472].Notes on contributorsJohn LoganJohn R. Logan is professor of sociology at Brown University. Much of his research focuses on urban and racial inequality in the U.S., including both contemporary patterns and historical developments since the late 19th Century. He is co-author with Harvey Molotch of Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place (1987). In addition to his own research, he has been active in developing and disseminating census data and maps for public use through projects at Brown University: the Urban Transition Historical GIS Project and the Diversity and Disparities Project.Brian StultsBrian J. Stults, PhD, is a professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University. His research addresses the general issues of race, crime, and community in urban areas, with a particular focus on segregation, racial threat, and spatial and temporal patterns of crime. His work has been published in such journals as the American Journal of Sociology, Criminology, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency.Rachel McKaneRachel McKane is an assistant professor of sociology and the Jack Meyerhoff Chair of American Environmental Studies at Brandeis University. They were previously at Brown University’s Population Studies and Training Center as a postdoctoral research ass","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Struggles over city-making: The community program for neighborhood improvement in Mexico City","authors":"Jill Wigle, Laura Macdonald, Lucy Luccisano, Paula Maurutto","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250025","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the trajectory of the making and unmaking of the Community Program for Neighborhood Improvement (PCMB), a participatory program for upgrading social infrastructure and public spaces in marginalized neighborhoods of Mexico City. The PCMB is an example of the range of upgrading programs supported by progressive local governments throughout Latin America over the past 20 years. Proposed by the city’s urban popular movement as part of their longstanding commitment to “city-making from below,” the PCMB was launched in 2007. At its inception, the PCMB was designed to co-produce neighborhood improvements through providing state support for resident-led planning and governance of community spaces. In 2019, the Mexico City government unexpectedly dismantled key participatory elements of the PCMB and folded it into other city priorities, including safe pathways and its surveillance-oriented security strategy. Based on fieldwork involving site visits and interviews with residents, community leaders, and city officials, we narrate the transformation of the PCMB (2007–2021) as state-society struggles over city-making. We argue that these tensions pivot around different spatial and political logics pertaining to territory, agency, and citizenship in city-making. The analysis also brings into focus how local governments attempt to diffuse, co-opt, or contain more radical city-making initiatives.","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating urban light pollution: A review of municipal regulations and implications for planners","authors":"Kameshwari Pothukuchi","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247506","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPropelled by more energy-efficient technologies such as light-emitting diodes, the growth of outdoor light at night is raising concerns about light pollution (LP). Given mounting evidence of LP’s risks to human wellbeing, nature and wildlife, and views of the dark sky, this paper examines the extent to which LP concerns are addressed in land use plans, policies, and regulations in nine U.S. cities, including Flagstaff, Arizona, a city known for its model lighting code. Through a review of zoning and other ordinances, area and sectoral plans and policies, media reports, and interviews with planners, this study documents that LP has yet to be taken seriously in municipal codes of most study cities. Drawing from the Flagstaff model, it offers recommendations for evidence-based, objective standards for three key dimensions of LP-mitigation: limiting total illumination or lumens per acre, shielding of lamps, and specifying luminaire characteristics.ABBREVIATIONS AMA: American Medical Association; APA: American Planning Association; CCT: Correlated Color Temperature; CRI: Color Rendition Index; ESCO: Energy Service Companies; f.c.: foot candle; HPS: High-Pressure Sodium; IDA: International Dark-Sky Association; LED: Light-Emitting Diode; LP: Light Pollution; LPS: Low-Pressure Sodium; LZ: Lighting Zone; NSA: Narrow-Spectrum AmberKEYWORDS: Light pollutionurban planningsustainability AcknowledgmentsAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2021 Annual Conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. I am grateful to Matthew Glaab for his research assistance, respondents from study cities who shared information and opinions about their local contexts, and three anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of this paper for their thoughtful notes and suggestions. All remaining errors and omissions, of course, are mine alone.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This is a unit of luminance, measured in candelas per square meter, in which the natural night sky measures at 1 mcd/m2 (or 1 millicandela per sq. meter) and the night sky lit with the full moon at 1.4 mcd/m2 (Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(luminance)). In comparison to lumens, which refer to the total amount of light emitted by a lighting apparatus, candela refers to the amount of light emitted by a lighting device in a particular direction. A light sphere that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd × 4π sr = 4π cd⋅sr or approximately 12.57 lumens (sr = steradian).2. Correlated-color (CCT) temperature is used to describe the light appearance provided by a light bulb. It is measured in degrees of Kelvin (K) on a scale from 1,000 to 10,000. Kelvin temperatures for commercial and residential lighting applications range from 2000 K to 6500 K, with the latter level of CCT typically associated with daylight. CCT is commonly used as a short hand to suggest t","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giving the green light to sustainability: Key political factors behind the European Green Capital Award applications","authors":"Dávid Sümeghy, Dalma Schmeller","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247504","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, cities’ involvement in sustainability efforts is becoming increasingly important. Of particular relevance are the horizontal networks and international initiatives that promote sustainability actions and help the participating cities to exchange knowledge and experience. Participation in such initiatives and the degree of involvement is largely determined by the political leadership of cities. This paper investigates the political determinants of applying for a European sustainability initiative, the European Green Capital Award, using binary logistic regression with data on the real applicants and control cities, up to the round of 2024. The results show that cities with left-wing leadership and more green party representatives in the city council are more willing to apply for the award. The finalist status in the competition was positively influenced by the city council’s environment-friendly attitude and the experience of previous applications.","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>The great American transit disaster</i> , by Nicholas Dagen Bloom <b> <i>The great American transit disaster</i> </b> , by Nicholas Dagen Bloom, Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 2023","authors":"Dennis E. Gale","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2245307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2245307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135061041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing “climate-proof” housing? The premises and pitfalls of PACE finance in Florida","authors":"Zac J. Taylor, Sarah E. Knuth","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247503","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst growing concerns about climate risks to the U.S. housing markets, strategies to physically retrofit homes are gaining attention—including within debates over how to resolve intersecting crises of housing re/insurability and affordability in highly exposed sites like Florida. We consider an important but under-studied example of this “climate-proofing” strategy unfolding today: Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) finance. While PACE has historically financed decarbonization retrofits, it is increasingly being deployed to facilitate hurricane risk reduction in Florida. In this paper, we introduce PACE: its basic characteristics, evolving uses, and controversies. Exploring the Florida case, we examine two deeper but as yet under-examined financial tensions: PACE’s intersections with other forms of property-linked finance (and potential systemic breakdowns) and rising affordability breakpoints as homeowners encounter its new debt amidst other growing and intersecting climate/climate response costs. These issues call for more transformative imaginaries of urban retrofitting and its resourcing.","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How pervasive is source of income discrimination faced by housing choice voucher households: Lessons from a progressive Midwestern city","authors":"Jerry Anthony, Parya Seif, Rachael Schaefer","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2245077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2245077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTHousing Choice Voucher (HCV) recipients encounter many types of discrimination in the housing search process. Landlords could choose not to lease a home to HCV recipients merely because they are HCV recipients. While many forms of discrimination (such as discrimination because of race or gender) are proscribed by federal and state constitutions, discrimination based on source of income (such as paying rent using an HCV) is not banned by the federal constitution or by most state or local statutes. Discrimination faced for using an HCV makes the housing search process more complicated and time-consuming for HCV recipients, often restricting their housing options and resulting in sub-optimal housing choices. We report on the findings of a study exploring the relative magnitude of discrimination for using HCV compared to other types of discrimination among HCV recipients of a Midwestern public housing authority (PHA). We also report on how this source of income discrimination varies by race and other socioeconomic and demographic factors. Information for this study was collected by surveying all HCV families of this PHA using a mail-out/mail-back questionnaire. Our findings suggest that source-of-income discrimination is perhaps more pervasive than other common discriminatory factors. We conclude the paper by describing policy responses to our findings.KEYWORDS: Affordable housinginequalityrace Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Code of the City of Iowa City, Title 2 (Human Rights), Chapter 5 (Fair Housing).Additional informationNotes on contributorsJerry AnthonyJerry Anthony, PhD, FAICP, is an associate professor at the School of Urban & Regional Planning at the University of Iowa. He has an undergraduate degree in Architecture, a graduate degree in Town Planning, and a PhD in Urban & Regional Planning. He researches U.S. housing policy issues, U.S. land policy issues, and international planning issues, particularly in South Asia. He is a co-founder of the Housing Trust Fund of Johnson County (https://www.htfjc.org/). He has developed several interactive online maps on housing issues; for example, a map depicting housing cost burdens in U.S. counties in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 can be found at http://ppc.uiowa.edu/housing/affordability. His research has been supported by many entities such as the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, The Brookings Institution, and the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Iowa in the United States. He was a Fulbright Scholar in India in 2023.Parya SeifParya Seif is an associate planner at the County of Santa Clara, Planning and Development Department. She is a certified quarry inspector and manager of the Tree Removal and Preservation Program at the County of Santa Clara. Parya got her Master’s degree in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Iowa, and another Master’s degree in Arc","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendering grassrootscapes: The sociospatial relations of lower working-class women dwelling in the socialist Workers’ New Villages in post-reform Shanghai","authors":"Penn Tsz Ting Ip, Tsung-yi Michelle Huang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWomen of the lower working-class in Shanghai are seemingly invisible in Chinese urban scholarship. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2021 in Shanghai, this article sheds light on the social lives of lower working-class women dwelling in the Workers’ New Villages in the wake of rapid urbanization. Mounting a threefold conceptual exploration of grassroots urbanism, genderscapes, and guanxi (social connectivity), the article develops and coins the term grassrootscapes to explicate grassroots women’s sociospatial relations with housing units, the community, and the city. Probing these multi-layered horizons to trace women’s life trajectories and gendered experiences, the article discerns how sociospatial dynamics of grassrootscapes are produced under a socialist system, in which women’s day-to-day suffering is a by-product of market reforms. Socialist workers’ housing is employed as a case study to show how the conceptualization of grassrootscapes can be a useful tool to examine the social transformation brought about by the drastic changes in urban policies in globalizing cities.KEYWORDS: Chinagenderurbanization AcknowledgmentsThe authors sincerely thank our research participants and local officials for their time and support, making this research possible. The authors also wish to express their gratefulness to the editors and reviewers for their insightful comments. Last, we must thank Professor Linda Peake for her enormous support of this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This research is part of a transnational research project, “Urbanization, Gender and the Global South: A Transformative Knowledge Network” (GenUrb) (Principal Investigator: Linda Peake), which focuses on grassroots women living in six selected cities in the Global South including Cochabamba, Delhi, Georgetown (Guyana), Ibadan, Ramallah, and Shanghai (https://genurb.apps01.yorku.ca).2. This article purposely uses the term housing unit instead of apartment (gongyu), as an apartment is a housing type commonly known as commodity housing (shangpinfang) and thus is discursively attached to the new urban middle-class.3. To protect the confidentiality of the women and their families, we decided to use pseudonyms, and the community is renamed Community X to ensure their anonymity.4. Since the post-reform period began, people with life-threatening illnesses have also had to endure heavy medical costs due to the marketization of medical and health care, hence the common phrase, “falling into poverty due to illness” (yinbing zhipin).5. The inductive coding process yielded 30 parent-codes and over 200 child-codes.Additional informationFundingThis research is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Partnership Grant, “Urbanization, gender and the global south: A transformative knowledge network” [File number 895-2017-1011; PI: Linda Peake].Notes on contributorsPenn Tsz T","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}