Journal of Urban Affairs最新文献

{"title":"Timing is everything: Territorial stigmatization, immobility policy, and the COVID-boom in Hong Kong’s Sham Shui Po","authors":"Tsz Chung Lai, Ben A. Gerlofs, He Wang","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2254870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2254870","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article examines a peculiar case of neighborhood change in Sham Shui Po, one of Hong Kong’s densest and poorest neighborhoods. Based on two mixed-methods research projects conducted in 2021 and early 2022, we use social media analysis and data gathered through a four-component “aesthetic survey” methodology to demonstrate the drastic transformation of a particular section of this neighborhood in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. A key question of this research is why such a transformation should be taking place in this exact moment, as previous attempts have been made to stimulate precisely the sorts of changes now observed over the course of the last decade or so, all to no avail. We argue that this unexpected “boom” is the result of a conjunction of pandemic mitigation policy implemented by the Hong Kong government (which we label “immobility policy”) and the widespread and enduring reputation of Sham Shui Po in the city’s cultural geography (which we explore through the concept of “territorial stigma”). This case therefore stands to contribute substantially to ongoing debates on the nature and pace of urban change, especially at crucial historico-geographical junctures.KEYWORDS: COVID-19neighborhood changegentrificationaesthetic surveysocial media AcknowledgmentsWe wish to thank our Editor June Wang and our anonymous reviewers for their helpful and supportive feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript, and for the feedback we received after presenting this work as part of the HKU Tourism Seminar Series in 2022. We are also grateful for the research assistance of Yan (Vienne) Lung, and for financial and other support from the Undergraduate Research Fellowship Programme at the University of Hong Kong.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. See the work of the Society for Community Organization, based in Sham Shui Po, here: soco.org.hk/en/.2. In recent years, Sham Shui Po has become an important destination for asylum seekers from South Asia in particular. Hong Kong is not a signatory to major international treaties or agreements on refugees (thus, “refugee” is not a legal status in this Special Administrative Region of China), and the process of seeking asylum is experienced by many as complicated, arduous, and capricious. Asylum seekers generally have no right to legal employment, and small gatherings of unemployed persons (largely young and middle-aged men) easily identified by locals as foreigners and/or ethnic minorities are an increasingly visible presence on the streets of Sham Shui Po, which has created no small measure of social and political tension. When asked to describe the neighborhood, for instance, one longtime resident immediately responded that Sham Shui Po is populated by “all sorts of bad people (品流複雜),” specifically referencing the increasing presence of South Asians and the common local narrative that such persons are especially prone to fighting in public","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and employment among young adults receiving federal housing assistance","authors":"Atticus Jaramillo, William M. Rohe","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSince the 1980s, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has implemented various “self-sufficiency” demonstrations aimed at supporting employment among federal housing assistance clients. A concern associated with these demonstrations is that adults in poor health will be either excluded from these programs or penalized for not meeting program directives to obtain employment. This concern speaks to the ongoing debate about the importance of work barriers—such as poor health—compared to programmatic work disincentives—such as basing rents on income—in shaping the employment outcomes of HUD clients. We advance this debate through a detailed analysis of the relationship between specific health conditions and employment among a sample of young adult HUD clients. Using a novel dataset and quasi-experimental research design, we find that depression, anxiety, hypertension, and diabetes are prevalent conditions among our sample of HUD clients. We further find that depression and hypertension are significant predictors of non-employment, though depression is only significant among HUD clients and not the entire matched sample. We find no evidence that HUD assistance creates a work disincentive. Our results therefore support the narrative that work barriers such as poor health may create a barrier to employment for HUD clients, many of whom may require specialized health and supportive services to obtain employment.KEYWORDS: Affordable housingemploymentpovertyurban health Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research uses data from Add Health, funded by grant [P01 HD31921] (Harris) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Add Health is currently directed by Robert A. Hummer and funded by the National Institute on Aging cooperative agreements [U01 AG071448 (Hummer) and U01AG071450 (Aiello and Hummer)] at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Add Health was designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Notes on contributorsAtticus JaramilloAtticus Jaramillo is an assistant professor in the School of Landscape Architecture and Planning at the University of Arizona. His work explores how housing policies and programs shape the neighborhood, health, and economic outcomes of low-income adults and children. Other works by Dr. Jaramillo can be found in Journal of the American Planning Association, Housing Policy Debate, Cityscape, and The Social Science Journal.William M. RoheWilliam M. Rohe is a research professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Rohe is co-author of Planning with Neighborhoods (University of North Carolina Press), co-editor of Chasing the American Dream: New ","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Post-growth planning: Cities beyond the market economy</i> , by Federico Savini, Antonio Ferreira, and Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld <b> <i>Post-growth planning: Cities beyond the market economy</i> </b> , by Federico Savini, Antonio Ferreira, and Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld, Abingdon, Routledge, 2022","authors":"Reinout Kleinhans","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2255099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2255099","url":null,"abstract":"\"Post-growth planning: Cities beyond the market economy, by Federico Savini, Antonio Ferreira, and Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Innate terrain: Canadian landscape architecture</i> , edited by Alissa North <b> <i>Innate terrain: Canadian landscape architecture</i> </b> , edited by Alissa North, Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto Press, 2022","authors":"Frederick Lutt","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250215","url":null,"abstract":"\"Innate terrain: Canadian landscape architecture, edited by Alissa North.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace</i> , by James T. White and John Punter <b> <i>Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace</i> </b> , by James T. White and John Punter, Vancouver and Toronto, UBC Press, 2023","authors":"David P. Varady","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250216","url":null,"abstract":"\"Condoland: The planning, design and development of Toronto’s CityPlace, by James T. White and John Punter.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>How to think about cities</i> , by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce <b> <i>How to think about cities</i> </b> , by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2023","authors":"Robert W. Lake","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250213","url":null,"abstract":"\"How to think about cities, by Deborah G. Martin and Joseph Pierce.\" Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to concentrated poverty of Blacks and Hispanics in metropolitan America, 1980–2020","authors":"John Logan, Brian Stults, Rachel McKane","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA longstanding debate asks why African Americans have been disproportionately concentrated in poor neighborhoods. All sides agree that a key contributor is the high level of poverty among Blacks, but they differ on other sources. Has the exodus of a growing Black middle class from the inner city (raising income segregation among Blacks) left the Black poor more isolated? Does persistent high racial segregation hold both middle class and poor Blacks in neighborhoods that are depressed by the high rate of Black poverty? Is poverty in Black neighborhoods mainly due to the presence of poor Black households or poor non-Black neighbors? This study addresses these questions with data for 1980–2020, and extends the analysis also to the case of Hispanic poverty exposure. Longitudinal models and detailed analysis of neighborhood composition by race and income show that the group’s own income composition is the most important predictor of poverty exposure. This effect is compounded by high racial segregation. Within-group income segregation adds to poverty concentration for Blacks but not for Hispanics. Blacks and Hispanics of all income levels live in poorer neighborhoods mainly because of the large share of their Black and Hispanic low-income neighbors, while their white neighbors tend to have higher incomes than they do.KEYWORDS: Segregationpoverty concentrationraceneighborhood Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [1R01HD075785-01A1]; National Science Foundation [SES-2147919]; Russell Sage Foundation [G-2104-31472].Notes on contributorsJohn LoganJohn R. Logan is professor of sociology at Brown University. Much of his research focuses on urban and racial inequality in the U.S., including both contemporary patterns and historical developments since the late 19th Century. He is co-author with Harvey Molotch of Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place (1987). In addition to his own research, he has been active in developing and disseminating census data and maps for public use through projects at Brown University: the Urban Transition Historical GIS Project and the Diversity and Disparities Project.Brian StultsBrian J. Stults, PhD, is a professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University. His research addresses the general issues of race, crime, and community in urban areas, with a particular focus on segregation, racial threat, and spatial and temporal patterns of crime. His work has been published in such journals as the American Journal of Sociology, Criminology, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency.Rachel McKaneRachel McKane is an assistant professor of sociology and the Jack Meyerhoff Chair of American Environmental Studies at Brandeis University. They were previously at Brown University’s Population Studies and Training Center as a postdoctoral research ass","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Struggles over city-making: The community program for neighborhood improvement in Mexico City","authors":"Jill Wigle, Laura Macdonald, Lucy Luccisano, Paula Maurutto","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2250025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2250025","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the trajectory of the making and unmaking of the Community Program for Neighborhood Improvement (PCMB), a participatory program for upgrading social infrastructure and public spaces in marginalized neighborhoods of Mexico City. The PCMB is an example of the range of upgrading programs supported by progressive local governments throughout Latin America over the past 20 years. Proposed by the city’s urban popular movement as part of their longstanding commitment to “city-making from below,” the PCMB was launched in 2007. At its inception, the PCMB was designed to co-produce neighborhood improvements through providing state support for resident-led planning and governance of community spaces. In 2019, the Mexico City government unexpectedly dismantled key participatory elements of the PCMB and folded it into other city priorities, including safe pathways and its surveillance-oriented security strategy. Based on fieldwork involving site visits and interviews with residents, community leaders, and city officials, we narrate the transformation of the PCMB (2007–2021) as state-society struggles over city-making. We argue that these tensions pivot around different spatial and political logics pertaining to territory, agency, and citizenship in city-making. The analysis also brings into focus how local governments attempt to diffuse, co-opt, or contain more radical city-making initiatives.","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating urban light pollution: A review of municipal regulations and implications for planners","authors":"Kameshwari Pothukuchi","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247506","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPropelled by more energy-efficient technologies such as light-emitting diodes, the growth of outdoor light at night is raising concerns about light pollution (LP). Given mounting evidence of LP’s risks to human wellbeing, nature and wildlife, and views of the dark sky, this paper examines the extent to which LP concerns are addressed in land use plans, policies, and regulations in nine U.S. cities, including Flagstaff, Arizona, a city known for its model lighting code. Through a review of zoning and other ordinances, area and sectoral plans and policies, media reports, and interviews with planners, this study documents that LP has yet to be taken seriously in municipal codes of most study cities. Drawing from the Flagstaff model, it offers recommendations for evidence-based, objective standards for three key dimensions of LP-mitigation: limiting total illumination or lumens per acre, shielding of lamps, and specifying luminaire characteristics.ABBREVIATIONS AMA: American Medical Association; APA: American Planning Association; CCT: Correlated Color Temperature; CRI: Color Rendition Index; ESCO: Energy Service Companies; f.c.: foot candle; HPS: High-Pressure Sodium; IDA: International Dark-Sky Association; LED: Light-Emitting Diode; LP: Light Pollution; LPS: Low-Pressure Sodium; LZ: Lighting Zone; NSA: Narrow-Spectrum AmberKEYWORDS: Light pollutionurban planningsustainability AcknowledgmentsAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2021 Annual Conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. I am grateful to Matthew Glaab for his research assistance, respondents from study cities who shared information and opinions about their local contexts, and three anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of this paper for their thoughtful notes and suggestions. All remaining errors and omissions, of course, are mine alone.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This is a unit of luminance, measured in candelas per square meter, in which the natural night sky measures at 1 mcd/m2 (or 1 millicandela per sq. meter) and the night sky lit with the full moon at 1.4 mcd/m2 (Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(luminance)). In comparison to lumens, which refer to the total amount of light emitted by a lighting apparatus, candela refers to the amount of light emitted by a lighting device in a particular direction. A light sphere that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd × 4π sr = 4π cd⋅sr or approximately 12.57 lumens (sr = steradian).2. Correlated-color (CCT) temperature is used to describe the light appearance provided by a light bulb. It is measured in degrees of Kelvin (K) on a scale from 1,000 to 10,000. Kelvin temperatures for commercial and residential lighting applications range from 2000 K to 6500 K, with the latter level of CCT typically associated with daylight. CCT is commonly used as a short hand to suggest t","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giving the green light to sustainability: Key political factors behind the European Green Capital Award applications","authors":"Dávid Sümeghy, Dalma Schmeller","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2023.2247504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247504","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, cities’ involvement in sustainability efforts is becoming increasingly important. Of particular relevance are the horizontal networks and international initiatives that promote sustainability actions and help the participating cities to exchange knowledge and experience. Participation in such initiatives and the degree of involvement is largely determined by the political leadership of cities. This paper investigates the political determinants of applying for a European sustainability initiative, the European Green Capital Award, using binary logistic regression with data on the real applicants and control cities, up to the round of 2024. The results show that cities with left-wing leadership and more green party representatives in the city council are more willing to apply for the award. The finalist status in the competition was positively influenced by the city council’s environment-friendly attitude and the experience of previous applications.","PeriodicalId":17420,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}