Journal of the Optical Society of America最新文献_第7页

Underlying psychometric function for detecting gratings and identifying spatial frequency. 用于检测光栅和识别空间频率的潜在心理测量功能。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000751

J P Thomas

引用次数: 49

Optics, the eye, and the brain. 光学，眼睛和大脑。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000736

L A Riggs

{"title":"Optics, the eye, and the brain.","authors":"L A Riggs","doi":"10.1364/josa.73.000736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.73.000736","url":null,"abstract":"Optics began as a visual science, and the eye was the original optical instrument. Students of physiological optics, together with their clinical colleagues, were concerned mainly with the normal and pathological functioning of the eye as a receptor organ. In recent years, however, exciting developments have changed all that. Optics has taken off in many directions that have little immediate relation to the eye, such as x-ray astronomy, lasers, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Vision research, in turn, has gone far beyond its sole preoccupation with the optics of the eye. Most exciting are new discoveries about the visual pathways and the specialization of individual brain cells for the processing of line orientation, stereoscopic depth, spatial frequency, motion, and color. Comparative studies reveal the functional architecture of the brain together with the genetically and chemically programmed cellular development that lays the groundwork for later modification by the visual environment. Stimulated by this neurophysiological progress, and by newly available optical concepts and techniques, visual scientists have greatly expanded their research beyond the traditional topics of physiological optics and color.","PeriodicalId":17413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","volume":"73 6","pages":"736-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/josa.73.000736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17926183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Spatiotemporal variation of chromatic and achromatic contrast thresholds. 色差和消色差对比阈值的时空变化。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000742

D H Kelly

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation of chromatic and achromatic contrast thresholds.","authors":"D H Kelly","doi":"10.1364/josa.73.000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.73.000742","url":null,"abstract":"Moving the retinal image of a sinusoidal grating at a constant velocity (compensated for eye movements) provides controlled spatial and temporal frequencies at every point in the stimulus field. Using this controlled-velocity technique, we have measured the detection threshold for isoluminance, red/green gratings as a function of their spatial and temporal frequencies. The chromatic contrast-threshold surface obtained in this way is analogous to the achromatic contrast-threshold surface measured previously, but the results are quite different. For very low temporal frequencies (below 0.2 Hz), the chromatic sensitivity decreases steadily with decreasing temporal frequency. Below 0.01 Hz, chromatic patterns disappear completely even at maximum contrast (although achromatic or homochromatic patterns do not). In the region above 0.2 Hz, both achromatic and chromatic thresholds can be explained by the same receptive-field-like model. When the center and the surround components of this model are additively combined, they form the chromatic threshold surface; when the sign of either component is reversed, they form the achromatic one.","PeriodicalId":17413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","volume":"73 6","pages":"742-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/josa.73.000742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17926184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 284

Detectability of several ideal spatial patterns. 几种理想空间模式的可探测性。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000851

G B Henning, A M Derrington, B C Madden

引用次数: 3

Sensitivity to countermodulating gratings following spatiotemporal adaptation. 时空适应后对反调制光栅的敏感性。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-04-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000427

D O Bowker, U Tulunay-Keesey

引用次数: 6

Time thresholds for increments and decrements in luminance. 亮度增加和减少的时间阈值。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-04-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000419

W H Ehrenstein, L Spillmann

{"title":"Time thresholds for increments and decrements in luminance.","authors":"W H Ehrenstein, L Spillmann","doi":"10.1364/josa.73.000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.73.000419","url":null,"abstract":"Time thresholds, i.e., the minimal durations necessary to just detect a change in brightness, were measured for light increments and decrements of a 1 degree test spot centered on a background of 20 degrees. Background luminance varied from -1 to 3 log td and retinal eccentricity from 0 degree to 50 degrees. Step size ranged from 0.04 to 1.5 log units and was the same in absolute units for both directions. Two types of stimuli were used: Type A, in which increments and decrements emerge from the same uniform background, and Type B, in which increments are the same as in Type A but decrements consist of a brief interruption of the test spot. Type A stimulation resulted in similar time thresholds for increments and decrements or, under some conditions, slightly shorter decrement thresholds. Type B stimulation resulted in similar thresholds for foveal vision. However, with increasing step size, decreasing background luminance, and increasing eccentricity, the time threshold for the decrement progressively exceeded that for the increment (up to 80 msec). This difference is attributed to different rise and fall times of the photoreceptor response as well as to Troxler's effect.","PeriodicalId":17413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","volume":"73 4","pages":"419-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/josa.73.000419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17914662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Effect of conicoid asphericity on the Tscherning ellipses of ophthalmic spectacle lenses. 锥形非球性对眼镜晶状体切宁椭圆的影响。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-04-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000441

G Smith, D A Atchison

引用次数: 24

Suprathreshold spatiotemporal response characteristics of the human visual system. 人类视觉系统的超阈时空响应特征。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-04-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000436

D O Bowker

引用次数: 34

Convergence accommodation. 收敛住宿。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-03-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000332

D Kersten, G E Legge

{"title":"Convergence accommodation.","authors":"D Kersten, G E Legge","doi":"10.1364/josa.73.000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.73.000332","url":null,"abstract":"Steady-state accommodation responses were measured in both eyes as a function of vergence angle and direction of lateral gaze. The measurements were made with a binocular laser optometer. Small speckle patterns were used as fusional stimuli in an otherwise dark field. These patterns have the advantage of providing no blur stimulus to accommodation. Convergence accommodation for vergence angles ranging from 0 to 25 deg was measured for lateral-gaze angles of +32, -32, and 0 deg. The average accommodation of the two eyes was linearly related to vergence angle over the observer's accommodation range but was independent of the angle of lateral gaze. The mean convergence accommodation/convergence ratio for three subjects, in diopters per meter-angle, was 0.9. Our measurements of convergence accommodation using laser-speckle targets are in good agreement with previous studies that used small pupils. Accommodation responses for binocular viewing of letters of a Snellen chart were also measured. When luminance was reduced, night myopia was observed. No similar effect was found for convergence accommodation. Accommodation to a dim target corresponded closely to the convergence accommodation.","PeriodicalId":17413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America","volume":"73 3","pages":"332-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1364/josa.73.000332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17914822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Information in optical flows induced by curved paths of observation. 由观察曲线路径引起的光流中的信息。

Journal of the Optical Society of America Pub Date : 1983-03-01 DOI: 10.1364/josa.73.000339

J H Rieger

引用次数: 67