Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem最新文献

Using the free market against itself? The strategy of promoting national champions by authoritarian regimes — motivations and limitations 利用自由市场对抗自己？专制政权的民族拥护者战略--动机和局限性

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.3

Jakub Kociubiński

{"title":"Using the free market against itself? The strategy of promoting national champions by authoritarian regimes — motivations and limitations","authors":"Jakub Kociubiński","doi":"10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000After the end of the Cold War it seemed that authoritarian regimes are bound to suffer economic marginalization because command economies proved to be unable to compete with free and open markets. Currently, however, we witness a number of non-democratic, authoritarian States capable of abusing market rules to create an unfair advantage to their undertakings — “National Champions” — competing with other enterprises, which are bound into a tight corset of anti-subsidy regulations, so ultimately to achieve regimes’ political goals. In this context, the paper — based primarily on analysis and review of literature and secondarily on dogmatic analysis — by presenting a set of interlinked political and economic motivations seeks to argue that, on the one hand, strategic rejection of free market doctrine is an inherent feature of authoritarian regimes, and on the other, that inefficiencies endemic in non-democratic forms of governments reduce the likelihood of successful implementation of the eponymous strategy. On this basis, the secondary aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual basis for answering the following question: Considering the need to adapt to long-term effects of the current economic uncertainty, are the strategies of creating undue competitive advantages for national champions pursued by many authoritarian regimes serious enough threat to free markets to warrant a response from the international community. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":173985,"journal":{"name":"Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The budget and budgetary law of the Polish People’s Republic 波兰人民共和国预算和预算法

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.12

Michalina Duda-Hyz

{"title":"The budget and budgetary law of the Polish People’s Republic","authors":"Michalina Duda-Hyz","doi":"10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In Polish People’s Republic, as in other socialist countries, the budget system and the organisational structure of the budget corresponded to the assumptions of the political and socio-economic system of the socialist State. This means that the principles of the management of the budget and budgetary law itself were significantly different from the principles and norms then in force in Western European countries. The aim of this article is to outline how the main stages of the Polish People’s Republic’s budget were forming, as well as to demonstrate the impact of changing tendencies to centralise and decentralise the economy on the structure of the State budget. The first part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the process of adaptation and adjustment of the inter-war fiscal legislation to the new political and economic situation. In the second part, the main phases of the reconstruction of the budgetary system have been analysed. The next two parts of the article refer to the issues of adjustment of the budget system to the decentralisation of the management of the national economy and to the crisis of the early 1980s. The implementation of the research objectives made it possible to formulate the thesis that, despite the changing tendencies towards centralisation and decentralisation, throughout the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the budget system and the organisational structure of the budget itself corresponded in principle to the assumptions of the political and socio-economic system, at the basis of which lay the principle of democratic centralism and the political and economic unity of the State. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":173985,"journal":{"name":"Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ludwig von Mises jako krytyk autorytaryzmu i totalitaryzmu 路德维希-冯-米塞斯作为专制主义和极权主义的批判者

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.6

Mateusz Machaj, Krzysztof Turowski

引用次数: 0

Pamięć o przeszłości jako uzasadnienie decyzji kluczowych dla teraźniejszości. O zmaganiach Łotwy z Tatjaną Żdanok i Tatjany Żdanok z państwem łotewskim 缅怀过去是做出对当前至关重要的决定的理由。拉脱维亚与塔佳娜-日丹诺克的斗争以及塔佳娜-日丹诺克与拉脱维亚国家的斗争

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.10

Filip Cyuńczyk

引用次数: 0

Korea Północna. Modelowy przykład współczesnego państwa totalitarnego 北朝鲜。现代极权主义国家的典范

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.11

Jakub Chustecki

引用次数: 0

Rozważania nad istotą demokracji w polskich naukach polityczno-prawnych w okresie międzywojennym. Wprowadzenie 对战时波兰政治和法律科学中民主本质的思考。导言

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.7

M. Wojtacki

引用次数: 0

Przepisy prawa regulujące nadanie i zmianę imienia i nazwiska jako narzędzie formowania nowego społeczeństwa w państwach o ustrojach niedemokratycznych — część I 关于赋予和更改姓名的法律作为在非民主国家建立新社会的工具--第一部分

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.5

Jolanta Behr

引用次数: 0

Rola oświadczeń politycznych w implementacji amerykańskiej polityki promowania demokracji w Iraku 政治声明在美国实施伊拉克民主促进政策中的作用

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.4

Ewelina Waśko-Owsiejczuk

{"title":"Rola oświadczeń politycznych w implementacji amerykańskiej polityki promowania demokracji w Iraku","authors":"Ewelina Waśko-Owsiejczuk","doi":"10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the enactment of the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998, the US authorities has intensified its efforts for democracy promotion in Iraq, using various methods (negative and positive) and instruments (including military, economic, political). The article analyzes the political statements released by the US government in the context of the Iraqi authorities. The analysis covers the period of 1998–2017, largely referring to the rule of three White House administrations — Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, due to the fact that during this period the US government used (to varying degrees) political statements with the purpose of impacting political change in Iraq, including the political system and the formation of the government. The article addresses the following research questions: what impact have the US government’s political statements had on political transition in Iraq? Can statements be an effective tool in the implementation of the democracy promotion policies abroad? The research process focuses on verifying the thesis that the political statements of the different White House administrations formulated in the context of the Iraqi authorities had not only an informative function, but also a pro-paganda, persuasion and pressure function, effectively influencing the political change process in this country. The results of the conducted analysis indicate that political statements can be an effective policy tool for promoting democracy, exerting a significant influence on the political process in another country. In conclusion, it was emphasized that it is not insignificant with this case study that the addressees were the authorities of a country that is described as a hegemon, which significantly affects the possibilities and scope of influence of the United States of America on the international system.","PeriodicalId":173985,"journal":{"name":"Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem","volume":"37 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Powściągliwość sędziowska w relacjach ze służbami specjalnymi. Konieczny czy obcy element demokracji? 与特工部门关系中的司法克制。民主的必要因素还是外来因素？

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.1

Michał Bernaczyk

引用次数: 0

Własność jako prawo zabezpieczające w Polsce w okresie od 1946 do 1990 roku 1946 年至 1990 年波兰作为担保权的财产

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.13

Jacek Gołaczyński

{"title":"Własność jako prawo zabezpieczające w Polsce w okresie od 1946 do 1990 roku","authors":"Jacek Gołaczyński","doi":"10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.45.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"An interesting issue related to the ownership right is whether it can fulfill the function of securing the realization of receivables. The point is to determine whether the ownership right may constitute a law securing compulsory payment of a debt, similarly to pledge rights (pledge, mort-gage). This issue was the subject of practice already under the rule of property law of 1946 and the Civil Code of 1964 that is, throughout the period of the socialist economy. 1 Regulation of property rights in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Poland of 1952 and the Civil Code of 1964 was diversified due to the introduction of types of ownership (state, cooperative, individual and personal). Hence the important question whether property rights could be used as a security right at all times, or only with respect to individual or personal property? The property was used to secure credit and loans. Owing to the resolution of the Supreme Court of May 10, 1948, in the absence of an effective lien, the property became a legal means to secure the loan, similar to the German Si-cherungsuebereignung. Such a function was fulfilled by the property right in the security transfer of property, both under the decree on property law of 1946 and under the Civil Code of 1964. Despite this, there was still a discussion about the admissibility of using the seizure of property taken over","PeriodicalId":173985,"journal":{"name":"Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0