政治声明在美国实施伊拉克民主促进政策中的作用

Ewelina Waśko-Owsiejczuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着 1998 年《伊拉克解放法案》的颁布,美国当局利用各种方法(消极的和积极的)和手段(包括军事、经济和政治),加大了在伊拉克促进民主的力度。文章分析了美国政府在伊拉克当局背景下发布的政治声明。分析时间跨度为 1998-2017 年,主要涉及比尔-克林顿、乔治-W-布什和巴拉克-奥巴马三届白宫政府的执政时期,因为在此期间,美国政府(在不同程度上)使用了政治声明,目的是影响伊拉克的政治变革,包括政治制度和政府的组建。文章探讨了以下研究问题:美国政府的政治声明对伊拉克的政治过渡产生了哪些影响?声明能否成为在国外实施民主促进政策的有效工具?研究过程的重点是验证以下论点,即白宫各届政府在伊拉克当局背景下制定的政治声明不仅具有信息功能,还具有宣传、说服和施压功能,有效地影响了该国的政治变革进程。分析结果表明,政治声明可以成为促进民主的有效政策工具,对另一个国家的政治进程产生重大影响。最后,需要强调的是,本案例研究的对象是一个被称为霸权国家的当局,这对美利坚合 众国影响国际体系的可能性和范围具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rola oświadczeń politycznych w implementacji amerykańskiej polityki promowania demokracji w Iraku
Along with the enactment of the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998, the US authorities has intensified its efforts for democracy promotion in Iraq, using various methods (negative and positive) and instruments (including military, economic, political). The article analyzes the political statements released by the US government in the context of the Iraqi authorities. The analysis covers the period of 1998–2017, largely referring to the rule of three White House administrations — Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, due to the fact that during this period the US government used (to varying degrees) political statements with the purpose of impacting political change in Iraq, including the political system and the formation of the government. The article addresses the following research questions: what impact have the US government’s political statements had on political transition in Iraq? Can statements be an effective tool in the implementation of the democracy promotion policies abroad? The research process focuses on verifying the thesis that the political statements of the different White House administrations formulated in the context of the Iraqi authorities had not only an informative function, but also a pro-paganda, persuasion and pressure function, effectively influencing the political change process in this country. The results of the conducted analysis indicate that political statements can be an effective policy tool for promoting democracy, exerting a significant influence on the political process in another country. In conclusion, it was emphasized that it is not insignificant with this case study that the addressees were the authorities of a country that is described as a hegemon, which significantly affects the possibilities and scope of influence of the United States of America on the international system.
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