Journal of Thyroid Research最新文献

{"title":"Superior Approach of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Review of the Literature.","authors":"Koné Fatogoma Issa,&nbsp;Dao Sidiki,&nbsp;Cissé Naouma,&nbsp;Diarra Kassim,&nbsp;Konaté N'Faly,&nbsp;Samaké Djibril,&nbsp;Tafo Neuilly,&nbsp;Haidara Abdoul Wahab,&nbsp;Guindo Boubacary,&nbsp;Soumaoro Siaka,&nbsp;Singaré Kadidiatou,&nbsp;Timbo Samba Karim,&nbsp;Kéita Mohamed Amadou","doi":"10.1155/2019/5671816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5671816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification and dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is essential to guarantee its anatomical and functional integrity. The superior approach of the recurrent nerve is a reliable surgical alternative. Various indications are recognized with a reliable landmark. This is the entry point into the larynx under the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. The limits of this technique, namely, the extralaryngeal divisions and the hemorrhages encountered at the point of entry of the larynx are a source of morbidity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A careful dissection, respect for the surgical steps, and the surgeon's experience are guarantees of a good result. We wanted through a review of the literature and our experience in the superior approach to discuss surgical indications, to identify landmarks at the point of entry of the larynx, to determine the limits of this approach, and to take precautions to mitigate the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":"5671816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5671816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37554256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hospital-Based Study of Iodine Nutrition Status of Breastfeeding Mothers in Bangladesh.","authors":"Jobaida Naznin,&nbsp;Mohammad Fariduddin,&nbsp;Mashfiqul Hasan,&nbsp;Mohammad Atiqur-Rahman,&nbsp;Nusrat Sultana,&nbsp;Mohammad Anowar-Hossain,&nbsp;Sharmin Chowdhury,&nbsp;Muhammad Abul Hasanat","doi":"10.1155/2019/9896159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9896159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequacy of iodine nutrition status in breastfeeding mothers is vital in preventing iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) in neonates and children. The aim of the study was to assess urinary iodine status in breastfeeding mothers attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study carried out from January 2014 to January 2015, urinary iodine (UI; <i>μ</i>gm/L) level of 266 mothers (age 26.6 ± 4.7 years (mean ± SD), exclusively breastfeeding: 132 and nonexclusively breastfeeding: 134), recruited on consecutive basis from BSMMU outdoor and indoor, were measured in spot urine following the wet digestion method. Median UI in the participants was 298.6 (interquartile range, IQR 206.6-454.9) <i>μ</i>gm/L and only 6.4% lactating mother had low UI (i.e. <100 <i>μ</i>gm/L). There was no difference of median UI in relation to exclusive or nonexclusive breast feeding, presence of goiter, parity, and age of breastfed baby (<i>p</i>=ns for all). But median UI was higher in older subjects (≥30 years vs. <30 years: 364.4 (228.4-529.9) vs. 283.7 (205.4-434.0); median (IQR) <i>p</i>=0.040)), with good socioeconomic condition (good vs. average or less: 328.2 (243.8-510.0) vs. 274.4 (200.0-433.3); median (IQR); <i>p</i>=0.020), and in those who are aware regarding the importance of iodine (aware vs. unaware: 316.6 (225.2-506.3) vs. 270.1 (196.0-407.2); median (IQR); <i>p</i>=0.018). The proportion of participants with UI < 100 <i>μ</i>gm/L was similar in all the groups. Logistic regressions to predict deficient UI status revealed none of the variables to be an independent predictor. This study indicates that deficient iodine nutrition status in Bangladeshi breastfeeding mothers is not frequent at present.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9896159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/9896159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Interpreting Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Results in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Dysfunction","authors":"S. Razvi, S. Bhana, Sanaa Mrabeti","doi":"10.1155/2019/4106816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4106816","url":null,"abstract":"The pituitary hormone, thyrotropin (TSH), is regarded as the primary biomarker for evaluating thyroid function and is useful in guiding treatment with levothyroxine for patients with hypothyroidism. The amplified response of TSH to slight changes in thyroid hormone levels provides a large and easily measured signal in the routine care setting. Laboratories provide reference ranges with upper and lower cutoffs for TSH to define normal thyroid function. The upper limit of the range, used to diagnose subclinical (mild) hypothyroidism, is itself a matter for debate, with authoritative guidelines recommending treatment to within the lower half of the range. Concomitant diseases, medications, supplements, age, gender, ethnicity, iodine status, time of day, time of year, autoantibodies, heterophilic antibodies, smoking, and other factors influence the level of TSH, or the performance of current TSH assays. The long-term prognostic implications of small deviations of TSH from the reference range are unclear. Correction of TSH to within the reference range does not always bring thyroid and other biomarkers into range and will not always resolve the patient's symptoms. Overt hypothyroidism requires intervention with levothyroxine. It remains important that physicians managing a patient with symptoms suggestive of thyroid disease consider all of the patient's relevant disease, lifestyle, and other factors before intervening on the basis of a marginally raised TSH level alone. Finally, these limitations of TSH testing mitigate against screening the population for the undoubtedly substantial prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disease, until appropriately designed randomised trials have quantified the benefits and harms from this approach.","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86159822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism in Hypothyroid Egyptian Patients","authors":"Hoda Elrawi, N. Ghanem, Naglaa M Elsayed, H. Ali, L. Rashed, Mai M. Mansour","doi":"10.1155/2019/3583250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3583250","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The current study aimed at assessing vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in hypothyroid Egyptian patients and its effect on hypothyroidism and thyroid morphology, also to find a causal relation between vitamin D and hypothyroidism. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 35 hypothyroid patients and 35 matched unrelated healthy controls. Total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and thyroid antibodies were measured using a human ELISA kit. Genotyping was performed by using real-time PCR. HOMA-IR was also calculated (fasting insulin in mIU/L × fasting glucose in mg/dL/405). All subjects were assessed for thyroid morphology by thyroid ultrasonography. Results Vitamin D level was lower in hypothyroid patients than in control subjects. Vitamin D was also inversely related to TSH, HOMA-IR, and levels of anti-TG and anti-TPO. VDR polymorphism (Fok1 and Apa1) had no relation to TSH or vitamin D levels in both patients and control groups. Low vitamin D levels were associated with increased thyroid vascularity and nodularity; furthermore, vitamin D was inversely proportional to thyroid gland volume. Correlation of HOMA-IR with the levels of both anti-TG and anti-TPO in the 70 subjects proved that HOMA-IR was positively correlated to both antibodies. Conclusion This study confirmed the association of vitamin D deficiency with hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, increased volume, nodularity, and vascularity of thyroid gland in hypothyroid patients as well as increased HOMA-IR. It proved the association between HOMA-IR and thyroid autoimmunity. The study proved no association between VDR polymorphisms (Fok1 and Apa1) with either vitamin D levels or TSH levels.","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90209077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Multinodular Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Indicate a Variant Etiology","authors":"Pabithadevi B. Mehanathan, R. Erusan, K. Shantaraman, S. Kannan","doi":"10.1155/2019/4892329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4892329","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder, which predominantly presents as a diffuse goiter, with few studies which report HT presenting as multinodular goiter, with variable frequencies ranging from 59% to 78.6% especially from south Indian populations. This variant clinical presentation may have diagnostic challenges which require further analysis. Anti-TPO antibodies are more common (90-95%) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis than anti-TG antibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This study analyzes the clinical features and the correlation of anti-TPO levels with diffuse and multinodular forms of HT. Material and Methods This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery in a tertiary care hospital in south Tamil Nadu. Patients presenting with clinical features of a thyroid disorder were interviewed and given a detailed clinical, radiological examination and guided FNAC. Those patients diagnosed by FNAC as HT were registered and a sample of 3cc of blood was drawn for T3, T4, TSH, and anti-TPO analysis. All the data were tabulated. Results and Discussion Of the 212 patients who presented with goiters, 96 were diagnosed by FNAC as having a cytological picture suggestive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Of these 96 patients with HT, 46 (47.9%) were multinodular (HT-MNG), 14 (14.58%) were solitary nodules (HT-SNT), and the remaining 36 (37.5%) were diffuse goiters (HT-D). Of the 46 patients who are HT-MNG, 36.9% had elevated anti-TPO-Ab (more than 35.0U/l) and 63.1% had normal/lower values (less than 35.0U/l). But of 36 patients with HT-D, 77.7% had elevated anti-TPO-Ab levels (>35U/l). Chi square statistics was 15.8346 and the p value is 0.0005 (<.05). Eight cases of HT-D and 3 cases of HT-MNG had hyperthyroidism and 3 cases of HT-D had hypothyroidism and all other cases were in euthyroid state. Conclusion Patients presenting as multinodular Hashimoto's thyroiditis have low prevalence of elevated anti-TPO-Ab than diffuse HT which suggests that multinodular form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a unique clinical entity with etiopathogenesis that is at variance with the diffuse form.","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72595896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update on Imaging.","authors":"Sergiy V Kushchayev, Yevgeniya S Kushchayeva, Sri Harsha Tella, Tetiana Glushko, Karel Pacak, Oleg M Teytelboym","doi":"10.1155/2019/1893047","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/1893047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), arising from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid, accounts for 1-2% of thyroid cancers. MTC is frequently aggressive and metastasizes to cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bones. Although a number of new imaging modalities for directing the management of oncologic patients evolved over the last two decades, the clinical application of these novel techniques is limited in MTC. In this article, we review the biology and molecular aspects of MTC as an important background for the use of current imaging modalities and approaches for this tumor. We discuss the modern and currently available imaging techniques-advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques such as whole-body MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) technique, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FDG, and integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) hybrid imaging-for primary as well as metastatic MTC tumor, including its metastatic spread to lymph nodes and the most common sites of distant metastases: lungs, liver, and bones.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1893047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82978468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the American Thyroid Association Risk Classification in a Single Center Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Raad Alwithenani,&nbsp;Sarah DeBrabandere,&nbsp;Irina Rachinsky,&nbsp;S Danielle MacNeil,&nbsp;Mahmoud Badreddine,&nbsp;Stan Van Uum","doi":"10.1155/2019/5390316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5390316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy in children. Retrospective studies show conflicting results regarding predictors of persistent and recurrent disease after initial therapy. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) proposed a clinical classification system to identify pediatric thyroid cancer patients at risk for persistent/recurrent disease.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We retrospectively included all patients in our registry diagnosed with papillary DTC at ≤ 18 years of age. We analyzed the prognostic performance of the ATA classification and other risk factors for predicting response to initial treatment and final outcome in pediatric DTC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 41 patients, 34 females and 7 males, diagnosed with papillary DTC at a mean (SD) age of 16.2 (1.8) years. Based on the ATA pediatric risk classification, patients were categorized as low (61%), intermediate (10%), or high risk (29%). The median follow-up period was 7.3 (1-41) years. After initial treatment, disease free status was achieved in 92%, 50%, and 42% of the low, intermediate, and high risk groups, respectively (P <0.01). At the last visit, persistent disease was present in 12%, 25%, and 33% (P=0.27). Assessing other risk factors, only the presence of distant metastases at diagnosis resulted in increased presence of persistent disease at last follow-up (P=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the clinical relevance of the ATA risk classification for predicting the response to initial treatment. There was no clear prediction of long-term outcome, but this may be due to limited power caused by the small number of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":"5390316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5390316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37395822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcomes in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Kelsey L Corrigan, Hannah Williamson, Danielle Elliott Range, Donna Niedzwiecki, David M Brizel, Yvonne M Mowery","doi":"10.1155/2019/8218949","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/8218949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is rare, accounting for 1-2% of thyroid malignancies. Median survival is only 3-10 months, and the optimal therapeutic approach has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes in ATC based on treatment modality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review was performed for patients treated at a single institution between 1990 and 2015. Demographic and clinical covariates were extracted from the medical record. Overall survival (OS) was modeled using Kaplan Meier curves for different treatment modalities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between treatment and disease characteristics and OS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 patients with ATC were identified (n = 16 female, n = 12 male; n = 22 Caucasian, n = 6 African-American; median age 70.9). Majority presented as Stage IVB (71.4%). Most patients received multimodality therapy. 19 patients underwent local surgical resection. 21 patients received locoregional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with a median cumulative dose of 3,000 cGy and median number of fractions of 16. 14 patients received systemic therapy (n = 11 concurrent with EBRT), most commonly doxorubicin (n = 9). 16 patients were never disease free, 11 patients had disease recurrence, and 1 patient had no evidence of disease progression. Median OS was 4 months with 1-year survival of 17.9%. Regression analysis showed that EBRT (HR: 0.174; 95% CI: 0.050-0.613; p=0.007) and surgical resection (HR: 0.198; 95% CI: 0.065-0.598; p=0.004) were associated with improved OS. Administration of chemotherapy was not associated with OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid cancer patients receiving EBRT to the thyroid area/neck and/or surgical resection had better OS than patients without these therapies, though selection bias likely contributed to improved outcomes since patients who can undergo these therapies tend to have better performance status. Prognosis remains poor overall, and new therapeutic approaches are needed to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"8218949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6556325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9121031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Thyroid Abnormalities among Children Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Adeseye Akinsete,&nbsp;Elizabeth Oyenusi,&nbsp;Babatunde Odugbemi,&nbsp;Tinuola Odugbemi,&nbsp;Edamisan Temiye","doi":"10.1155/2019/1096739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1096739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid disorders have been described in an adult population but are underreported in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and describe the spectrum of thyroid abnormalities among HIV infected children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Lagos, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital with an antiretroviral therapy (ART) center. Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) were analyzed in 83 children living with HIV on HAART and 51 controls. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and correlation of fT3, fT4, and TSH with duration on HAART, age, CD4 count, and nutritional status were assessed. Thyroid abnormalities were seen in 9.6% of the children living with HIV comprising subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, euthyroid sick syndrome in 2.4%, and overt hypothyroidism in 1.2% as compared to 2% subclinical thyroid disease among the controls (p= 0.15). Hypothyroidism was correlated with CD4 count and viral load. None of the patients had clinical features of thyroid disease. Thyroid abnormalities were more prevalent among children living with HIV and yearly screening with follow-up is advocated.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1096739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1096739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37177547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Single Center Study.","authors":"Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyu Li,&nbsp;Xuhan Liu,&nbsp;Lu Lu,&nbsp;Zhengnan Gao","doi":"10.1155/2018/9507028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9507028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease and the prevalence is increasing rapidly. Thyroid disorders including subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome are frequently observed in diabetic patients. We conducted a study to explore thyroid function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 103 healthy volunteers, 100 T2DM patients without DN, and 139 with DN. Physical examinations including body mass index and blood pressure and laboratory measurements including renal function, thyroid function, and glycosylated hemoglobin were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with DN had higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and lower free T3 (FT3) levels than those without DN (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The prevalence of SCH and low FT3 syndrome in patients with DN was 10.8% and 20.9%, respectively, higher than that of controls and patients without DN (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Through Pearson correlation or Spearman rank correlation analysis, in patients with DN, there were positive correlations in TSH with serum creatinine (<i>r</i> = 0.363, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (<i>r</i> = 0.337, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and in FT3 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with statistical significance (<i>r</i> = 0.560, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High level of TSH and low level of FT3 were observed in T2DM patients with DN. Routine monitoring of thyroid function in patients with DN is necessary, and management of thyroid dysfunction may be a potential therapeutic strategy of DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":17394,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thyroid Research","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9507028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9507028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36843506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}