Advances in Nutrition & Food Science最新文献

{"title":"Cashew Apple Utilization-Generating Wealth from Waste","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, is a major commercial horticultural crop of India. It is\u0000primarily cultivated for its nut, and widely grown in tropical areas.\u0000However, may be due to the high value of the nut, another important\u0000produce from cashew i.e. cashew apple, has been neglected all along\u0000without any utilization. Cashew apple is very tasty and is highly\u0000nutritious. It is comparable with many other tropical fruits in its\u0000nutritive value and contains more vitamin C and riboflavin. It is\u0000not commercially used in India, except in Goa where it is profitably\u0000used for the production of feni. The cashew apple, weighing about\u00008-10 times that of the nut, is an equally valuable produce from the\u0000crop, if it is economically exploited. Cashew apple is a pseudo fruit\u0000formed by the swollen receptacle and is highly nutritious and is a\u0000valuable source of sugar, minerals and vitamins. Ripe apple is very\u0000juicy and spongy having a unique flavour and smell. The astringent\u0000and acid principles in cashew apple produce a rough unpleasant and\u0000biting sensation on the tongue and throat, major drawback of the\u0000fruit which prevents the consumption of fresh fruits and the tannin\u0000content varies from 0.06 to 0.76g per 100 g. This in fact limits the\u0000utilization of cashew apple as fresh fruit as well as raw material in\u0000the fruit processing industry [1,2]. Hence the removal of astringency\u0000is the primary step in cashew apple processing. Large number of\u0000technologies has been developed by various research stations in\u0000India, more specifically Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara,\u0000Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Keralka India,\u0000for the economic utilization of cashew apple by processing it into\u0000various value added products.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Testing Ensures Better Supplement Safety","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination in our food and supplements is a very real and serious issue. Surveillance activities in a number\u0000of countries in recent years have identified high levels of the heavy metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in\u0000certain food supplements. Consumption of such contaminated food supplements may contribute to human exposure to these\u0000metals. Heavy metal testing is a cornerstone of any GMP-certified manufacturer’s quality assurance program, and to ensure\u0000consumer safety. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of these metals found in food supplements, which are\u0000available in the local market of Dubai with the legislative requirements. Over 200 food supplements were analyzed in this\u0000study during the year 2018. The concentration of heavy metals in supplement products were determined using microwave\u0000digestion and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with concentrated nitric acid. The results showed\u0000a high degree of compliance with the limits of 3 μg lead/g, 1 μg cadmium/g and 0.1 μg mercury/g in the products with the\u0000exception of two samples were above the maximum levels of 3 μg lead/g and 1 sample above the maximum levels of 0.1 μg\u0000mercury/g. Cadmium were below regulations set by the European Union. However, total arsenic has no regulatory limits\u0000set up by the European Union legislation to assess the risk. The concentration ranges were as follows: arsenic, <50-32381\u0000μg/kg; cadmium, <10-958 μg/kg; mercury, <50-139 μg/kg; and lead, <50-44303 μg/kg. Therefore, determination of these\u0000elements in these products is necessary and the authorities should be survey and monitor these products at regular intervals.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Production of Isotonic Sports Drink From Blends of Date Palm and Water Melon Fruits","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm and watermelon fruit with the addition of sucrose, glucose, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulphite\u0000and water were used in the production of isotonic sports drink and a commercial sports drink was used as the reference\u0000sample. The energy, carbohydrate, osmolality and pH of the drink were analyzed using standard methods.\u0000A significant difference was observed in the energy, pH and osmolality content of the drinks but no significant difference\u0000was observed between the carbohydrate content of the drinks. The developed drink had carbohydrate content of 7.3%,\u0000energy of 30.1 Kcal, pH of 3.7 and osmolality of 323 mOsm/kg H2\u0000O while the commercial sports drink had carbohydrate\u0000content of 6.7%, energy of 26.6 Kcal, pH of 3.1 and osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg H2\u0000O. The developed drink compared\u0000favorably with the commercial sports drink and the correlation of the sensory parameters revealed that colour influenced\u0000the appearance of the drink.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Fasting Insulin with Plasma and RBC Micronutrients Copper, Zinc in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"Copper and Zinc are extremely important trace elements involved in a number of metabolic processes. Imbalance of a trace\u0000element may be the consequence of certain disorders. Zn plays a clear role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin\u0000as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexametric form. The decreased levels of Zn affect the ability of the islet\u0000cell to produce and secrete insulin thus complicating the problem, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. Cu is an integral part of\u0000numerous enzymes like cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase that are involved in metabolic processes. The aim of this\u0000study was to find out the association between fasting plasma insulin and plasma, RBC Cu and Zn among both the control\u0000healthy also newly diagnosed type 2 DM. A case control study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry jointly\u0000with the Department of Endocrine Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 64 non-smokers,\u0000non- alcoholic, normotensive subjects free from renal and hepatic diseases were included in this study. Among them thirty\u0000three were newly diagnosed type - 2 DM. Thirty one were age and sex matched healthy control. Mean±SD of fasting insulin\u0000was 13.13±7.87 µU/ml and 16.53±13.78 µU/ml in healthy controls and newly diagnosed type -2 DM. The median values of\u0000RBC Zn of both groups were 6984.00 ppb and 5155.50 ppb respectively (p<.001). Significant negative correlation was found\u0000between plasma Insulin and RBC Zn (p<.0001, r = -.7881) in newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Others showed no significant\u0000correlations. All the median values of trace elements significantly differed between groups. Micronutrients derangement\u0000could be related to type -2 Diabetes Mellitus development as well as its complications.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131664184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oils and Their Applications -A Mini Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"The wellbeing and sustenance of food amid its preparation, transport and storage are requirements for present day food handling. Essential oils (EOs) are important aromatic components of herbs and spices and their biological activities have been known and utilized since ancient times in perfumery, food preservation, flavoring, and medicine. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils clearly indicates that, they are more acceptable because of their unique antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. This review paper focuses on essential oils and their applications by employing essential oils as a natural preservative that are suitable to be used in food preservation, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and among other industries. So far as factors which are responsible for food spoilage and other health related problems are still in existence, there is the need to develop sustained preservation and public health relief techniques. The recent advances in the application and alternative means of fruits and food decay, especially natural products as preservatives for fruits, essential oils as a drug as well as their antimicrobial scavenging characteristics will be reviewed. Other applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries, will also be conferred.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129000132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World’s Malnutrition Paradox; Gaps in Looking Back and Looking Ahead","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper examines paradigms in the double burden of malnutrition. It explores the speed of nutrition transition,\u0000summarizes the drifts and trends in prevalence rates between under nutrition and overnutrition.\u0000Design and Setting: Review of outcomes that focus on large scale surveys, national and global representative studies on\u0000diet, physical activity, obesogenic environment and obesity among children, adolescents and adults.\u0000Subjects: The WHO guidelines for classifying and defining overweight and obesity are used for children and adolescents\u0000and the body mass index of ≥ 25kg/m2\u0000 and 30kg/m2\u0000 are used for adult’s overweight and obesity respectively.\u0000Results: The nutrition transition shifts are examined from the 20th century to the current century in Europe. China, USA and\u0000the low and middle income countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East. Paradoxically, the two forms of malnutrition exist.\u0000Undernutrition is observed to be decreasing whereas overnutrition is increasing rampantly. The problem is cutting across\u0000all classes of people; rich or poor and the magnitude is becoming a health burden especially in developing countries. The\u0000shifts have dominated to overweight, obesity and diet related comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and\u0000some cancers. Conclusive evidence on the global malnutrition situation is still elusive but available data forecasts trend\u0000in the shifts.\u0000Conclusion: This work shows that the two forms of malnutrition exists in discordance but overweight and obesity is\u0000encroaching rapidly and is a risk to diet-related NCDs, yet they can be significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116365164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary and Lifestyle Modification in the Preventation of Secondary Complication of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus metabolic cum vascular syndrome of multiple\u0000aetiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with\u0000disturbances of CHO, Fat and Protein metabolism resulting from\u0000defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This disorder\u0000is frequently associated with long term disease, which can lead to\u0000failure of organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessel.\u0000In recent years India has witnessed a rapidly exploding epidemic\u0000of Diabetes. Indeed, India today leads the world with its largest\u0000number of Diabetic people in any given country. WHO estimates\u0000there are 32 million with Diabetes in India with Diabetes in 2000,\u0000which is projected to rise by 80 million by the year 2030? Increase\u0000in prevalence is rapid in urban areas from 2% 1970s to 12% in 2000\u0000and in rural areas also it is now beginning to increase. Nutrition\u0000is often said to be the cornerstone of diabetes care. The goal for\u0000nutritional management is optimal metabolic control through a\u0000balance between food intake, physical activity, and if necessary,\u0000medication to avoid complications.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceuticals in 21st Century","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Almost ten thousand years before, when human beings were living\u0000in jungles, they use to go from one place to other in search of foods\u0000which were nothing else but fruits vegetables or roots. Because of\u0000these uncooked or raw foods humans were healthy having good\u0000longevity. Thereafter, due to fire in jungles, some such roots got\u0000roasted and found tasty by him or her. This habit has developed,\u0000inquisitiveness towards the testing of new foods from the nature.\u0000After this knowledge, things have changed drastically and many\u0000recipes were developed by him/her which were not only simple\u0000foods but were medicinal foods, sometimes.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anorexia of The Female Adolescent: Biological Condition “Different Blood Types\u0000(0,A,B,AB) Mother / Daughter + Traumatic Blood Contact between the Two During\u0000Pregnancy and / or Birth”. Psychological and Nutritional Causes and Treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia of the Female Adolescent begins within a limited period of time after menarche and it is characterized by weight\u0000loss and loss of menstrual cycle for more than three months. This anorexia is due by psychological and relational causes of\u0000the girl and her family. My new theory is that upstream of these causes the Anorexia of the Female Adolescent also requires\u0000a biological condition:\u0000“Different Blood Types Mother/Daughter (0, A, B, AB)”. In my medical practice I found that all girls suffering from\u0000Anorexia of the Female Adolescent have different blood type from their mother. There are no exceptions in my data. With\u0000my new theory all physicians can make an early diagnosis because the group at risk of anorexia to be monitored is reduced\u0000to a small percentage of adolescent girls: only those with a blood type different from that of the mother. This will reduce\u0000mortality rate and also the consequences (osteoporosis and osteopenia) because late diagnosis is the main cause of therapy\u0000failure and of the high mortality rate. However, not all girls with different blood type than the mother develop the Anorexia\u0000of the Female Adolescent, but only a few. Why? My hypothesis is that in addition to the difference in the mother/daughter\u0000blood type there has been also a blood contact between the two, not necessarily detected, during pregnancy and/or at birth.\u0000Psychological and nutritional causes and treatment.","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130074139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying Food Safety Implementation by SMEs Using Innovative Cohort Factory Visits and 15Action-Oriented Steps to HACCP Certification","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/anfs.04.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/anfs.04.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring food safety has been a major concern to small and medium-sized food manufacturers especially those in developing\u0000countries participating in international trade. In this connection, an action-oriented learning and factory visit by a cohort\u0000of 15 owners of food manufacturing SMEs to a world-class food factory in Ghana under the auspices of Partners in Food\u0000Solutions helped demystify HACCP implementation in the minds of these SME owners. This resulted in majority of them\u0000implementing HACCP within six months. A typical indigenous Ghanaian small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) engaged\u0000in palm cream concentrate canning was selected for HACCP study and the generic HACCP system was developed which is\u0000being adapted for the entire palm cream concentrate canning industry in West Africa. To manufacture canned palm cream\u0000concentrate, fresh and ripen palm fruits are harvested, weighed, inspected, and sorted for their quality. The quality palm\u0000fruits are washed, cooked at a temperature of 100°C for 30 min, depulped into paste, fiber and kernels. The paste with the\u0000fiber is squeezed and strained to obtain palm cream. The fine cream is collected and blended with 0.5% salt and heated to\u0000a temperature ≥ 70°C for 10 min. Empty cans are washed, filled with the hot cream, seamed, washed to get rid of stains\u0000and loaded into retort baskets and then hoisted into a vertical retort for sterilization. Retorting is done at 121°C for 60\u0000minutes and then cooled to a temperature of 40°C and the product are removed from the retort and incubated at ambient\u0000temperature for 7 days. After which labelling is done and the product are cased and palletized ready for sale. The 14\u0000stages of HACCP implementation including the 7 preparatory steps and the 7 principles of HACCP recommended by were\u0000applied in addition to 2 innovative steps to the palm cream concentrate canning process [1]. Each processing step was\u0000correctly captured in the process flow diagram and subjected to hazard analysis to identify all potential food safety hazards\u0000that are associated with each step. The identified hazards were classified as physical, chemical or biological and subjected\u0000to risk assessment process using a quantitative scoring method to determine the likelihood and severity of each potential\u0000hazard which helped to determine significant hazards with each step. The significant hazards were then subjected to critical\u0000control point determination using the codex decision tree. Three steps of microbiological significance were identified in\u0000the process as CCPs. These are can seam (CCP #1), retorting (CPP #2) and retorted can cooling (CCP #3). Critical limits\u0000were established for these limits as follows: CCP# 1 – can seaming (body hook butting (BHB) > 75%, thickness rating\u0000(TR) > 75% and actual overlap (AO) > 1.1mm), CCP# 2 – retorting (120 -122°C for 60 minutes at a pressure of 1bar must\u0000be achieved during sterilization) and CCP# 3 – can cooling (incoming cooling water into the retort must be chlorina","PeriodicalId":173678,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition & Food Science","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125665930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}