{"title":"Comparison of Tangibles and Intangibles","authors":"I. Wallis","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000787","url":null,"abstract":"Three techniques are described for comparing the tangible and intangible costs and benefits involved in environmental and water resources projects. The three techniques are: (1)Engineering judgment; (2)cost-benefit analysis; and (3)preference analysis. A game used in interviews to establish preferences is described and the interpretation of the results of the game is covered. Development and cautious use of preference analysis as part of the evaluation of tangible and intangible costs and benefits is recommended.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"1 1","pages":"625-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79461867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Districting and Routing for Solid Waste Collection","authors":"J. Male, J. Liebman","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000720","url":null,"abstract":"The theory and procedure of an heuristic algorithm that routes a known number of solid waste collection vehicles on a street network is presented. The network is assumed to be planar and connected, consisting of undirected streets. Each street has a travel cost and solid waste load associated with it. The purposes of the procedure are to determine collection districts. The districts must be such that the sum of solid waste loads within each district does not exceed vehicle capacity. Since the vehicle will necessarily traverse some streets where collection is not required and retraverse other streets more times than necessary for collection, the proposed algorithm attempts to minimize the sum of travel costs for these retraced streets. The algorithm determines districts and tours simultaneously. For each tour it lists a sequence of streets and specifies whether the street is merely traveled or also serviced.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85768851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fixed-Growth Nitrification of Secondary Effluent","authors":"J. Gasser, R. Miele, Ching‐lin Chen","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000741","url":null,"abstract":"A downflow submerged-bed, fixed-growth nitrification process has been successfully applied to the effluents of an activated sludge process and an independent physical-chemical treatment process. The empty-bed detention time, gas/water ratio, backwashing frequency, water temperature, supporting medium, and the ammonia limit in the nitrified effluent are identified as the major parameters for efficient process control. The relationship between the empty-bed detention time and the water temperature has been fully illustrated. Both air and industrially pure oxygen are shown to be equally effective in providing the necessary oxygen source for the biological oxidation of ammonia. The gravel is demonstrated to be superior over the sand, stone, and activated carbon as the supporting medium for the fixed-growth nitrification process. The air or oxygen is bubbled through the sparging system at the bottom of the supporting medium. The cost estimate for nitrifying 10,000,000-gal/day (37,850-m³/day) activated sludge plant effluent is shown.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"19 1","pages":"77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of Nutrient Releases from Anaerobic Sediments by Paul L. Freedman and Raymond P. Canale","authors":"V. Kothandaraman, R. Evans","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"114 1","pages":"1156-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82287109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Keinath, D. Hofer, Caleb H. Dana, Mark D. Ryckman
{"title":"Activated Sludge-Unified System Design and Operation","authors":"T. M. Keinath, D. Hofer, Caleb H. Dana, Mark D. Ryckman","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000680","url":null,"abstract":"A unique procedure for designing and operating the activated sludge aeration basin/clarifier system is developed using the settling flux approach. A least-coast design procedure, utilizing batch settling tests and the state point concept, produces a design solution which minimizes capital and operational costs. In addition, the settling flux approach provides the plant operator with a tool for control and operation of the clarifer/thickener to improve treatment efficiencies and prevent operational failures.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"71 1","pages":"829-849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83112103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closure to “Sanitary Landfill Leachates and Their Treatment”","authors":"E. Chian, F. B. Dewalle","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"17 1","pages":"744-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81299320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Automatic Water Sample Collection System","authors":"P. Fisher, J. Siebert","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000659","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the organization, operation, and utility of an automatic water sample collection system composed of a commercially available automatic water sample collector, a modified hydrographic recorder, and a specially designed auxiliary electronic controller. This integrated water sampling system expands the normal operating capabilities of the conventional automatic water sampler and hydrographic recorder.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"1 1","pages":"725-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75229509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exact Solution Technique for Water Quality Models","authors":"W. Grenney","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000624","url":null,"abstract":"A wide variety of deterministic simulation models have been applied to characterize and predict water quality parameters in rivers and estuaries. General differences in resolution (level of refinement) among models are associated with the degree of time and resolution, with the number and type of water quality parameters included in the model, and with the mathematical solution technique. For any specific model application, there is some optimal combination of these three considerations depending on the purposes to which the study is addressed. When certain systems of steady-state first-order linear differential equations will adequately satisfy the study objectives (which is often the case for rivers), an exact solution techniques can be utilized. To use numerical solutions techniques for the same equations would be expensive, inefficient, and would introduce some numerical distortion into the model responses.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"54 1","pages":"369-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82231243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting Dispersion Coefficient of Streams","authors":"Henry Liu","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000605","url":null,"abstract":"Using inspectional analysis, a simple formula has been derived which relates the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of natural streams to several bulk flow properties such as the discharge and the hydraulic radius. It is shown that the dimensionless factor, β, of the formula, unlike the dimensionless dispersion coefficient α based on Elder's equation, is independent of the size of natural streams. An analysis of existing data indicates that the value of β for any stream may be predicted within a factor of six from the frictional or resistance factor of the stream. This means the proposed equation for predicting longitudinal dispersion is more accurate than any existing method based on bulk flow properties.","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"22 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90433991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Septic Tank Efficiency”","authors":"H. L. Thackwell","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0000580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17335,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division","volume":"43 1","pages":"1304-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87353321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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