Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Indirect (Individual and Societal) and Direct Out-of-Pocket Costs.","authors":"M Ellen Kuenzig,&nbsp;James H B Im,&nbsp;Stephanie Coward,&nbsp;Joseph W Windsor,&nbsp;Gilaad G Kaplan,&nbsp;Sanjay K Murthy,&nbsp;Eric I Benchimol,&nbsp;Charles N Bernstein,&nbsp;Alain Bitton,&nbsp;Jennifer L Jones,&nbsp;Kate Lee,&nbsp;Juan-Nicolás Peña-Sánchez,&nbsp;Noelle Rohatinsky,&nbsp;Sara Ghandeharian,&nbsp;Tyrel Jones May,&nbsp;Sahar Tabatabavakili,&nbsp;Rohit Jogendran,&nbsp;Jake Weinstein,&nbsp;Rabia Khan,&nbsp;Elias Hazan,&nbsp;Mira Browne,&nbsp;Tal Davis,&nbsp;Quinn Goddard,&nbsp;Julia Gorospe,&nbsp;Kate Latos,&nbsp;Kate Mason,&nbsp;Jack Kerr,&nbsp;Naji Balche,&nbsp;Anna Sklar,&nbsp;Laura E Targownik","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their caregivers are faced with indirect and out-of-pocket costs that they would not otherwise experience. These costs impact one's ability to contribute to the economy to their fullest potential. The indirect costs of IBD in Canada are estimated to be at least $1.51 billion in 2023 and include costs associated with lost productivity resulting from a combination of missed work (absenteeism), decreased workplace productivity (presenteeism), unemployment, premature mortality, and caregiving costs. Unemployment is the largest contributor to indirect costs ($1.14 billion), followed by costs of absenteeism and presenteeism ($285 million). Caregiving costs for children with IBD are estimated to be nearly $58 million. Canadians with IBD also pay $536 million every year for care that is not covered by universal or supplemental private health insurance; this includes allied healthcare (e.g., care provided by psychologists), medication, and other supportive therapy. Combined, the indirect and out-of-pocket costs of IBD in Canada are estimated at more than $2 billion CAD in 2023. This is substantially higher than the estimate of $1.29 billion in Crohn's and Colitis Canada's 2018 Impact of IBD report with differences attributable to a combination of rising prevalence, inflation, and the addition of presenteeism and caregiving costs to the total indirect costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 Suppl 2","pages":"S16-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10181335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Direct Health System and Medication Costs.","authors":"M Ellen Kuenzig,&nbsp;Stephanie Coward,&nbsp;Laura E Targownik,&nbsp;Sanjay K Murthy,&nbsp;Eric I Benchimol,&nbsp;Joseph W Windsor,&nbsp;Charles N Bernstein,&nbsp;Alain Bitton,&nbsp;Jennifer L Jones,&nbsp;Kate Lee,&nbsp;Juan-Nicolás Peña-Sánchez,&nbsp;Noelle Rohatinsky,&nbsp;Sara Ghandeharian,&nbsp;James H B Im,&nbsp;Rohit Jogendran,&nbsp;Saketh Meka,&nbsp;Jake Weinstein,&nbsp;Tyrel Jones May,&nbsp;Manisha Jogendran,&nbsp;Sahar Tabatabavakili,&nbsp;Elias Hazan,&nbsp;Malini Hu,&nbsp;Jessica Amankwah Osei,&nbsp;Rabia Khan,&nbsp;Grace Wang,&nbsp;Mira Browne,&nbsp;Tal Davis,&nbsp;Quinn Goddard,&nbsp;Julia Gorospe,&nbsp;Kate Latos,&nbsp;Kate Mason,&nbsp;Jack Kerr,&nbsp;Naji Balche,&nbsp;Anna Sklar,&nbsp;Gilaad G Kaplan","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare utilization among people living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Canada has shifted from inpatient management to outpatient management; fewer people with IBD are admitted to hospitals or undergo surgery, but outpatient visits have become more frequent. Although the frequency of emergency department (ED) visits among adults and seniors with IBD decreased, the frequency of ED visits among children with IBD increased. Additionally, there is variation in the utilization of IBD health services within and between provinces and across ethnocultural and sociodemographic groups. For example, First Nations individuals with IBD are more likely to be hospitalized than the general IBD population. South Asian children with Crohn's disease are hospitalized more often than their Caucasian peers at diagnosis, but not during follow-up. Immigrants to Canada who develop IBD have higher health services utilization, but a lower risk of surgery compared to individuals born in Canada. The total direct healthcare costs of IBD, including the cost of hospitalizations, ED visits, outpatient visits, endoscopy, cross-sectional imaging, and medications are rising rapidly. The direct health system and medication costs of IBD in Canada are estimated to be $3.33 billion in 2023, potentially ranging from $2.19 billion to $4.47 billion. This is an increase from an estimated $1.28 billion in 2018, likely due to sharp increases in the use of biologic therapy over the past two decades. In 2017, 50% of total direct healthcare costs can be attributed to biologic therapies; the proportion of total direct healthcare costs attributed to biologic therapies today is likely even greater.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 Suppl 2","pages":"S23-S34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Access to and Models of Care.","authors":"Holly Mathias,&nbsp;Noelle Rohatinsky,&nbsp;Sanjay K Murthy,&nbsp;Kerri Novak,&nbsp;M Ellen Kuenzig,&nbsp;Geoffrey C Nguyen,&nbsp;Sharyle Fowler,&nbsp;Eric I Benchimol,&nbsp;Stephanie Coward,&nbsp;Gilaad G Kaplan,&nbsp;Joseph W Windsor,&nbsp;Charles N Bernstein,&nbsp;Laura E Targownik,&nbsp;Juan-Nicolás Peña-Sánchez,&nbsp;Kate Lee,&nbsp;Sara Ghandeharian,&nbsp;Nazanin Jannati,&nbsp;Jake Weinstein,&nbsp;Rabia Khan,&nbsp;James H B Im,&nbsp;Priscilla Matthews,&nbsp;Tal Davis,&nbsp;Quinn Goddard,&nbsp;Julia Gorospe,&nbsp;Kate Latos,&nbsp;Michelle Louis,&nbsp;Naji Balche,&nbsp;Peter Dobranowski,&nbsp;Ashley Patel,&nbsp;Linda J Porter,&nbsp;Robert M Porter,&nbsp;Alain Bitton,&nbsp;Jennifer L Jones","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising compounding prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Kaplan GG, Windsor JW. The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18:56-66.) and pandemic-exacerbated health system resource limitations have resulted in significant variability in access to high-quality, evidence-based, person-centered specialty care for Canadians living with IBD. Individuals with IBD have identified long wait times, gaps in biopsychosocial care, treatment and travel expenses, and geographic and provider variation in IBD specialty care and knowledge as some of the key barriers to access. Care delivered within integrated models of care (IMC) has shown promise related to impact on disease-related outcomes and quality of life. However, access to these models is limited within the Canadian healthcare systems and much remains to be learned about the most appropriate IMC team composition and roles. Although eHealth technologies have been leveraged to overcome some access challenges since COVID-19, more research is needed to understand how best to integrate eHealth modalities (i.e., video or telephone visits) into routine IBD care. Many individuals with IBD are satisfied with these eHealth modalities. However, not all disease assessment and monitoring can be achieved through virtual modalities. The need for access to person-centered, objective disease monitoring strategies, inclusive of point of care intestinal ultrasound, is more pressing than ever given pandemic-exacerbated restrictions in access to endoscopy and cross-sectional imaging. Supporting learning healthcare systems for IBD and research relating to the strategic use of innovative and integrative implementation strategies for evidence-based IBD care interventions are greatly needed. Data derived from this research will be essential to appropriately allocating scarce resources aimed at improving person-centred access to cost-effective IBD care.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 Suppl 2","pages":"S111-S121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Treatment Landscape.","authors":"Sanjay K Murthy,&nbsp;Adam V Weizman,&nbsp;M Ellen Kuenzig,&nbsp;Joseph W Windsor,&nbsp;Gilaad G Kaplan,&nbsp;Eric I Benchimol,&nbsp;Charles N Bernstein,&nbsp;Alain Bitton,&nbsp;Stephanie Coward,&nbsp;Jennifer L Jones,&nbsp;Kate Lee,&nbsp;Juan-Nicolás Peña-Sánchez,&nbsp;Noelle Rohatinsky,&nbsp;Sara Ghandeharian,&nbsp;Nasruddin Sabrie,&nbsp;Sarang Gupta,&nbsp;Gurmun Brar,&nbsp;Rabia Khan,&nbsp;James H B Im,&nbsp;Tal Davis,&nbsp;Jake Weinstein,&nbsp;Joëlle St-Pierre,&nbsp;Roxana Chis,&nbsp;Saketh Meka,&nbsp;Eric Cheah,&nbsp;Quinn Goddard,&nbsp;Julia Gorospe,&nbsp;Jack Kerr,&nbsp;Kayla D Beaudion,&nbsp;Ashley Patel,&nbsp;Sophia Russo,&nbsp;Jonathan Blyth,&nbsp;Stephanie Blyth,&nbsp;Diane Charron-Bishop,&nbsp;Laura E Targownik","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed considerably over the past two decades, owing to the development and widespread penetration of targeted therapies, including biologics and small molecules. While some conventional treatments continue to have an important role in the management of IBD, treatment of IBD is increasingly moving towards targeted therapies given their greater efficacy and safety in comparison to conventional agents. Early introduction of these therapies-particularly in persons with Crohn's disease-combining targeted therapies with traditional anti-metabolite immunomodulators and targeting objective markers of disease activity (in addition to symptoms), have been shown to improve health outcomes and will be increasingly adopted over time. The substantially increased costs associated with targeted therapies has led to a ballooning of healthcare expenditure to treat IBD over the past 15 years. The introduction of less expensive biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor therapies may bend this cost curve downwards, potentially allowing for more widespread access to these medications. Newer therapies targeting different inflammatory pathways and complementary and alternative therapies (including novel diets) will continue to shape the IBD treatment landscape. More precise use of a growing number of targeted therapies in the right individuals at the right time will help minimize the development of expensive and disabling complications, which has the potential to further reduce costs and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 Suppl 2","pages":"S97-S110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating Childhood Traumas in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Lauren Gnat,&nbsp;Valentina Mihajlovic,&nbsp;Krista Jones,&nbsp;Dean A Tripp","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jcag/gwad026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Research on inflammatory bowel disease has shown a connection to childhood traumatic events. However, few studies have focused on specific types of traumatic experiences and the impact of confiding in others on disease-related outcomes. This comparative, cross-sectional study expected that: (1) patients would report higher prevalence rates of childhood traumas than healthy controls; (2) healthy controls would report fewer and less severe traumatic experiences than patients and less confiding in others compared to patients; (3) childhood trauma severity would be indirectly related to depressive symptoms through resilience and confiding in others would moderate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed an online survey; an inflammatory bowel disease patient group (<i>N</i> = 195, <i>M</i>_age = 40.48, 76.4% female) was compared to a similarly recruited sample of healthy controls (<i>N</i> = 190, <i>M</i>_age = 31.16, 59.5% female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients reported a higher prevalence of experiencing sexual traumas (<i>P</i> = .031), major upheavals (i.e., disruptions) (<i>P =</i> .048), and violence (<i>P</i> = .050) than controls. Patients had significantly higher total trauma severity odds ratios (OR 0.89, 95% CI[0.81,0.97]) and significantly lower total confiding in other odds ratios than controls (OR 1.09, 95% CI[1.02,1.16]). Childhood trauma severity was indirectly related to depressive symptoms through resilience, <i>b =</i> .05, SE <i>=</i> 0.09, 95% CI[0.01,0.09]; however, confiding did not moderate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients reported more sexual, disruptive, and violent traumas. Although confiding did not act as a moderator, trauma was related to depressive symptoms through resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 5","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity for Quiescent and Mildly Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Banke Oketola,&nbsp;Olayinka Akinrolie,&nbsp;Sandra Webber,&nbsp;Nicole Askin,&nbsp;Rasheda Rabbani,&nbsp;Ahmed M Abou-Setta,&nbsp;Harminder Singh","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jcag/gwad021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity (PA) may benefit people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by improving immunological response, musculoskeletal function, and psychological health.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We distilled available evidence on the efficacy and safety of PA to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and relieve persistent symptoms of fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, stress, anxiety, and depression in individuals with quiescent/mild IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for trials in eight databases and trial registries. Trials using PA as an adjunct therapy in the management of adults (≥18 years) with quiescent or mild IBD, published in English between 2011 and 2023 were identified. Summary effect estimates were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 10,862 citations retrieved, we included seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCT. There was no evidence of benefit of PA on HRQoL (SMD 0.34, 95%CI -0.08 to 0.77; I² 57%); high heterogeneity was noted among included trials. PA was found to be efficacious in reducing anxiety (SMD -0.35, 95%CI -0.65 to -0.05; I² 0%). There was insufficient evidence to make conclusions regarding changes in fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, stress, and depression. All trials deemed physical activity safe.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PA contributes to reducing anxiety in quiescent/mild IBD. There is marked heterogeneity in methodology among trials investigating PA in adults with quiescent/mild IBD. This review highlights the need for consistent definitions of PA types and intensities in this field of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 5","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41106102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Gastric Cancer With a Rare Spreading Pattern Into the Submucosal Layer.","authors":"Yutaka Hatayama,&nbsp;Takeshi Kanno,&nbsp;Masahiro Saito,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Jin,&nbsp;Waku Hatta,&nbsp;Kaname Uno,&nbsp;Naoki Asano,&nbsp;Akira Imatani,&nbsp;Fumiyoshi Fujishima,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Koike,&nbsp;Atsushi Masamune","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac012","url":null,"abstract":"1Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan 2Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan 3Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan Correspondence: Takeshi Kanno, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, e-mail: kanno.takeshi@med.tohoku.ac.jp","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 4","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/cf/gwac012.PMC10395660.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9992831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Residing in Below Median Household Income Districts on Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Barrett's Esophagus.","authors":"Suqing Li,&nbsp;Yusuke Fujiyoshi,&nbsp;Sechiv Jugnundan,&nbsp;Gary May,&nbsp;Norman Marcon,&nbsp;Jeffrey Mosko,&nbsp;Christopher Teshima","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Low socioeconomic (SES) status adversely impacts care and outcomes in patients with EAC, but this has not been evaluated in BE. As the treatment of BE is similarly intensive, we aimed to evaluate the effect of SES on achieving complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM), dysplasia (CE-D) and development of invasive EAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study was a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018, referred for BE-associated high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma were included. Pre, intra and post-procedural data were collected. Household income data was collected from the 2016 census based on postal code region. Patients were divided into income groups relative to the 2016 median household income in Ontario. Multivariate regression was performed for outcomes of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and fifty-nine patients were included. Rate of CE-IM was similar between income groups. Fifty-five per cent (<i>n</i> = 144/264) versus 65% (<i>n</i> = 48/264) in the below and above-income groups achieved CE-D, respectively, <i>P</i> = 0.02. Eighteen per cent (<i>n</i> = 48/264) versus 11% (<i>n</i> = 22/195) were found to have invasive EAC during their treatment course in below and above-income groups, respectively, <i>P</i> = 0.04. Residing in a below-median-income district was associated with developing invasive EAC (Odds Ratio, [OR] 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 3.35) and failure to achieve CE-D (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residing in low-income districts is associated with worse outcomes in patients with advanced BE. Further research is needed to guide future initiatives to address the potential impact of SES barriers in the optimal care of BE.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"6 4","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10395662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Roles of Gut Serotonin in Regulation of Immune Response, Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Inflammation.","authors":"Jensine A Grondin, Waliul I Khan","doi":"10.1093/jcag/gwad020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jcag/gwad020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the exact etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is unknown, studies have shown that dysregulated immune responses, genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors contribute to their pathogenesis. Intriguingly, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) seems to be a molecule with increasingly strong implications in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, affecting host physiology, including autophagy and immune responses, as well as microbial composition and function. 5-HT may also play a role in mediating how environmental effects impact outcomes in IBD. In this review, we aim to explore the production and important functions of 5-HT, including its impact on the gut. In addition, we highlight the bidirectional impacts of 5-HT on the immune system, the gut microbiota, and the process of autophagy and how these effects contribute to the manifestation of intestinal inflammation. We also explore recent findings connecting 5-HT signalling and the influence of environmental factors, particularly diet, in the pathogenesis of IBD. Ultimately, we explore the pleiotropic effects of this ancient molecule on biology and health in the context of intestinal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubility of Some Drugs in Aqueous Solutions of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems: Experimental Data, Modeling, and the Impact of Solution pH.","authors":"Samira Zadali Asghar, Raha Kaviani, Ali Shayanfar","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-137011","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-137011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The solubility of drugs in water and organic solvents is a crucial factor in numerous pharmaceutical processes. In recent years, a new type of solvent called deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been developed as a useful solvent for drugs. Choline chloride-glycerol/urea (ChCl-G/U) systems are DESs recognized as a novel category of environmentally friendly solvents. One recent application of this type of DES in water is the solubilization of drugs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the solubility of certain drugs in ChCl-G/U. In addition, the solubilization mechanisms of the DESs studied, and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for solubilization were proposed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The solubility of 13 drugs in an aqueous solution of the ChCl-G/U system was investigated using the shake flask method. The study was conducted at 10% and 50% mass fractions of the studied systems. Multiple linear regression models were used to develop mathematical relationships between the solubilization of the studied compounds in the presence of ChCl-G/U + water mixture using QSPR models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The solubility of the compounds showed a significant increase upon adding ChCl-G/U to the aqueous solutions. Based on the data obtained, QSPR models were developed using solubilization ratio and structural descriptors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The experimental data demonstrates the potential of utilizing ChCl-G/U as a medium to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs in water. Solubilization of solutes in ChCl-G/U + water mixtures could be correlated with the structural properties of drugs. Moreover, the final pH of the solutions in ChCl-U is a critical factor that must be considered when using this system for solubilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17263,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology","volume":"4 1","pages":"e137011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}