Olívia Moreira, Bruna Berlande, Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz de Souza, J. Candido, Lauren H. Jaeger, L. H. Adriano, Marco Antônio e Brito, Maria Patrícia do Nascimento, Patrícia Geraldo, P. Chellini, M. D. de Oliveira
{"title":"Capillary Electromigration Techniques Applied to Clinical Chemistry Investigations and Alternative Diagnostic Assays: Possibilities and Perspectives","authors":"Olívia Moreira, Bruna Berlande, Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz de Souza, J. Candido, Lauren H. Jaeger, L. H. Adriano, Marco Antônio e Brito, Maria Patrícia do Nascimento, Patrícia Geraldo, P. Chellini, M. D. de Oliveira","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230096","url":null,"abstract":"Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provides the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping the physicians on the precision medicine achievements.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68339504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Costa, P. Maia, F. D. da Silva, C. Nobre, Renata Silva, M. Milhome
{"title":"Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Tomato Processed Foods","authors":"F. Costa, P. Maia, F. D. da Silva, C. Nobre, Renata Silva, M. Milhome","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230140","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) crop has great economic relevance, being one of the most processed agricultural products worldwide. Some pesticides are chemically stable and can remain in food even after processing. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze food products derived from tomatoes (extract, sauce and ketchup), regarding the levels of pesticide residues. Fifteen samples were acquired from Vale do Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil. Six pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, pyriproxyfen, trifluralin) authorized by Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) for tomato cultivation were selected for the study. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used in method validation, according to the recommendations of SANTE 11312/2021 guidelines. Statistical analyzes of linearity show that the six pesticides studied were classified as heterocesdastic. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values (0.01-0.03 and 0.03-0.10 mg kg-1, respectively) were below the established maximum residue limits (MRLs) for tomatoes. Accuracy and precision (78-121 and 2.3-16.7%, respectively) were satisfactory. The results indicated that among the 15 analyzed samples, one active ingredient was detected (0.05 mg kg-1) in a tomato sauce sample, lower than MRLs (Anvisa 0.15 mg kg-1 and FAO 0.3 mg kg-1). The results show the relevance of monitoring pesticide residues in tomato-derived products and the validation of new methodologies for food control.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68340748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nakamura, Enoc Lima do Rego, J. D. de Souza, Paulo Diniz, J. D. Da Silva
{"title":"Pesticide Determination in Fresh Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera Linn.) by GC-MS Using Microwave-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction","authors":"T. Nakamura, Enoc Lima do Rego, J. D. de Souza, Paulo Diniz, J. D. Da Silva","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230125","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh coconut (Cocos nucifera) water, a popular beverage in tropical countries, is often exposed to pesticide contamination due to agricultural practices. Thus, this work proposed the simultaneous determination of 36 pesticides in fresh coconut water samples using liquid-liquid extraction, drying assisted by a household microwave oven, and gas gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Limits of detection varied from 5.4 (disulfoton) to 9.6 ng L-1 (parathion-methyl). Nine pesticides residues were detected (dimethoate, γ-HCH, β-HCH, 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, endosulfan II, 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, endrin ketone, and methoxychlor) with concentrations from < limit of quantification to 5,768.34 ± 1.64 ng L-1. Dimethoate was quantified in all samples, indicating its recent use. The proposed methodology offers several advantages, including the use of small sample volumes and solvent extraction, which eliminates the need for costly cartridges and reduces waste production. Additionally, the obtained results can be valuable for regulatory agencies, aiding in the mitigation of environmental damage and the protection of human health.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68340493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. D. dos Santos, Ana Nadja L. Lucas, Iuri D. P. da Mota, Jaderson Schneider, A. Polidoro, A. Pinho, F. Mendes, E. Caramão
{"title":"Quantitative GC-MS Analysis of Sawdust Bio-Oil","authors":"A. D. dos Santos, Ana Nadja L. Lucas, Iuri D. P. da Mota, Jaderson Schneider, A. Polidoro, A. Pinho, F. Mendes, E. Caramão","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230060","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-oils from biomass pyrolysis have a highly promising potential as biofuels or sources of chemicals. The quantitative analysis of bio-oils is quite difficult and requires many standards. In this study, we developed a methodology using only 16 standards for determining the concentration of 49 compounds, representatives of the main chemical classes commons in bio-oils, using relative response factors (RRF) and analytical curves. Five Pinus sawdust bio-oils were analyzed using a GC-MS-DB-5 capillary column (60 m). SCAN mode (from 45 to 450 Daltons) and retention indices (LPTRI) were used for qualitative analysis. For quantitative analysis, SIM mode was preferred, and analytical curves were constructed from an initial solution at 400 mg g-1 of each of the 16 standards, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 150 mg g-1 added to the internal standard (methyl hexanoate) at 70 mg g-1. After the positive identification and quantification of 9 compounds (among the 16 standards used), the other compounds were quantified using the RRF obtained from a standard solution at 30 mg g-1, considering the similarities with those identified standards. 196 compounds were identified, while 49 compounds were quantified, highlighting the monoaromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalenes, benzofurans, alkyl phenols, and catechols.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68338432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pinto, I. D. de Souza, L. F. Miranda, M. E. Queiroz
{"title":"A New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for In-Tube SPME/UHPLC-MS/MS of Anandamide in Plasma Samples","authors":"M. Pinto, I. D. de Souza, L. F. Miranda, M. E. Queiroz","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230074","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. There is substantial evidence that the endocannabinoid system modulates the dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia, a forebrain system that integrates cortical information to coordinate motor activity regulating signals. In this article, a fused-silica capillary with a molecularly imprinted polymer was developed for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of the endocannabinoid anandamide in plasma samples from Parkinson’s disease patients and further analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The molecularly imprinted polymer capillary presented recognition sites with complementary shape, size, and functionality to anandamide. Scanning electron micrographs and Fouriertransform infrared spectra illustrated the physical and chemical modification of the printed and non-printed capillary surface. The in-tube solid-phase microextraction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method presented a linear range from 0.1 to 20 ng mL-1, precision with coefficient of variation values ranging from 1.2 to 13%, and relative standard deviation accuracy ranging from -3.6 to 7.5%. The method developed herein can adequately determine anandamide in plasma samples from Parkinson’s disease patients. By applying the standard addition approach, the anandamide plasmatic concentration in these samples was found to range from 0.2 to 0.4 ng mL-1.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68338863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods Based on C18 Polymer Monoliths for the Determination of Urinary Myoglobin","authors":"R. Vitek, Fernando H. do Nascimento, J. Masini","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230084","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) methods to quantify urinary myoglobin using polymer monolithic columns produced by copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate (SMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA). The columns were prepared in the coffins of 1.5 mm internal diameter (i.d.) ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) tubing for use in sequential injection chromatography (SIC) and solid phase extraction (SPE), and inside 1.0 mm i.d. Silcosteel ® tube for use in narrow-bore liquid chromatography. The monoliths inside the ETFE were produced via UV, whereas thermal polymerization formed the monoliths inside the Silcosteel ® tube. The separation of carbonic anhydrase, lysozyme, and myoglobin was demonstrated because they may occur simultaneously in urine samples. Quantification was undertaken by external calibration, and the accuracy was evaluated by the spiking/recovery strategy. The methods exhibited linearity from 5.0 to 60 µ g mL -1 (SIC), 2.5 to 50 µ g mL -1 (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), and 1.0 to 7.5 µ g mL -1 for an SPE-HPLC method. The lowest limits of detection and quantification were 0.13 and 0.43 µg L -1 , respectively, obtained after concentrating myoglobin by SPE. Recoveries ranged from 98 to 105%. The low cost, simplicity, reusability, and analytical features provided by these polymeric stationary phases make them affordable alternatives to routine analyses of urinary myoglobin.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Alves, Jhonyson Guedes, L. Serrano, M. Martins, Debora Bezerra de Sousa, G. Silva, Paulo Ribeiro, D. Zampieri, G. Zocolo
{"title":"UPLC-QTOF-MSE-Based Metabolic Profile to Screening Candidates of Biomarkers of Dwarf-Cashew Clones Resistant and Susceptible to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc.)","authors":"P. Alves, Jhonyson Guedes, L. Serrano, M. Martins, Debora Bezerra de Sousa, G. Silva, Paulo Ribeiro, D. Zampieri, G. Zocolo","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230097","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating specialized plant metabolites, traditionally referred to as ‘secondary metabolites’ present in leaf extracts of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale) resistant and susceptible to anthracnose disease was carried out using metabolomics combined with chemometric tools. We used clones of dwarf-cashew with the following variations of characteristics: resistant and healthy (CCP 76, BRS 226, BRS 189), susceptible and healthy (BRS 265), and another clone also susceptible but affected by the disease (BRS 265). The UPLC-QTOF-MSE (ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis of the leaves of Anacardium clones allowed us annotation a total of 39 metabolites. The multiple orthogonal partial discriminant analysis of the least-squares (OPLS-DA) allowed twelve metabolites to be potential biomarkers of differentiation among the clones studied. Namely, the triene-(17:3)-anacardic acid found on CCP 76 and BRS 189 clones, respectively, is the main candidate for biomarker of resistance. While catechin, B-type procyanidin isomers, and procyanidin dimer monogallate identified in BRS 265 are significant potential biomarkers of susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68339567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Versatility of Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Carmen Cardoso, M. D. de Moraes, Q. Cass","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230118","url":null,"abstract":"This review deals with two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) separations encompassing target heart-cut (LC-LC), multiple heart-cut (mLC-LC), non-targeted comprehensive (LC × LC), and selective comprehensive (sLC × LC) analysis. It presents an overview of basic concepts and emphasizes the versatility of the applications gained by going from one-(1D) to two-dimensional (2D) separations. This review also discusses target analysis of achiral and chiral drugs for different applications and the use of 2D-LC in zonal bioaffinity chromatography. Advances in instrumental and column technologies have widened the application of LC × LC and sLC × LC separations, and we will discuss some of them.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68339882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Morés, R. Huelsmann, Gabrieli Bernardi, Josias Merib, E. Carasek
{"title":"In situ Derivatization of Lung Cancer Biomarker Aldehydes by Parallel-DPX-Cork and Quantification by HPLC-DAD","authors":"Lucas Morés, R. Huelsmann, Gabrieli Bernardi, Josias Merib, E. Carasek","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230098","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is one of the main causes of death for thousands of people yearly around the world. Biomarker aldehydes, such as hexanal and heptanal, are compounds related to the development of lung cancer, which can be detected in the early stages of this disease. A methodology was proposed to determine these aldehydes in urine, with a new configuration associated with the sample preparation step. A novel strategy with a parallel-disposable pipette extraction (DPX)-cork device was used, offering a fast and affordable extraction methodology with analysis performed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. In optimization steps, multivariate and univariate designs were applied, providing the following conditions: urine sample centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 15 min, 30 μL and 6 min of dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnation, 10× urine diluted in ultrapure water, pH adjusted to 4.8, 7 extraction cycles with 1.5 min each, 30 mg of cork, 2 desorption cycles and solvent acetonitrile with 300 μL. Limits of detection were 0.13 ng mL-1 for both analytes and limits of quantification were 0.40 and 0.41 ng mL-1 for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions ranged from 4 to 21%. Relative recoveries ranged from 86 to 107%, assessed at three concentrations. Urine samples were analyzed, but the presence of aldehydes was not detected.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68339629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyvinyl Alcohol/Pectin-Based Hydrogel as Sorptive Phase for the Determination of Freely Dissolved Parabens in Urine Samples by LC-DAD","authors":"A. Marinho, Bruno José Gonçalves da Silva","doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20230093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230093","url":null,"abstract":"An extraction phase based on hydrogel disks of polyvinyl alcohol and pectin was developed, characterized, and evaluated for the extraction of four endocrine disruptors (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben) in free form in human urine samples with subsequent determination by liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (LC-DAD). The proposed hydrogel showed easy synthesis, was made of low-cost and non-toxic polymers, and showed that it has an amphiphilic character. Gels with lower swelling indexes (175%) and more concentrated dispersions of polymers (P20PC2.0) showed lower relative standard deviation (RSD) values. Under optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) conditions, the LC-DAD method presented limits of quantification of 0.1 µg mL-1, accuracy values ranged from 101.3 to 118.2%, while the inter-assay precision ranged from 1.5 to 17.4%. In addition, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/pectin-based material presented the possibility of reuse of at least 15 times, without presenting carryover effect and physical degradation. In this way, the hydrogel shows promise for the extraction of organic compounds with different polarities in biological matrices.","PeriodicalId":17257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68339284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}