Journal of Sound and Vibration最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Dynamics analysis of high-speed encased differential planetary Gear Trains with different load-sharing 不同负载分担的高速封闭式差动行星轮系动力学分析
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119385
Congfang Hu , Wenzhuo Yi , Siyu Chen , Rui Chen , Xiao Liang
{"title":"Dynamics analysis of high-speed encased differential planetary Gear Trains with different load-sharing","authors":"Congfang Hu ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Yi ,&nbsp;Siyu Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Load-sharing measures are adopted to improve the load-sharing performance of planetary gear systems. However, the measures affect dynamic characteristics, especially at high speed. Encased differential planetary gear trains (EDPGTs) are used widely for a large load capacity. Thus, the dynamic characteristics of EDPGTs with different load-sharing mechanisms are studied. First, EDPGTs are divided into finite nodes. Second, dynamic equations for each component are structured by <em>Timoshenko</em> beam theory, considering gyroscopic coupling, gear error excitation, and time-varying mesh stiffness excitation. Then, meshing elements and supporting elements are incorporated into component models by connected nodes. Third, a finite element node model of the flexible pin is established. A simulation and experiment are implemented to verify the flexible pin model. Lastly, the overall dynamics model of EDPGTs is established and solved by the <em>Newmark-β</em> method. The commonly used floating sun gear, flexible pin, and flexible ring gear are considered separately and in different combinations, so eight combinations of load-sharing are proposed. Dynamics analysis demonstrates that rigid pins effectively suppress planetary gear vibration amplitudes in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>-direction, while a fixed sun gear configuration reduces the sun gear. Moreover, the rigid ring gear design attenuation the <em>θ<sub>z</sub></em>-direction vibrational displacement of each component. The analytical method provides theoretical support for optimizing high-speed planetary gear transmission systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"619 ","pages":"Article 119385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental estimation of the sound power radiated from panels excited by a turbulent boundary layer 紊流边界层激发板辐射声功率的实验估计
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119363
Xavier Plouseau-Guédé , Alain Berry , Laurent Maxit , Valentin Meyer , Anaïs Mougey , Olivier Robin
{"title":"Experimental estimation of the sound power radiated from panels excited by a turbulent boundary layer","authors":"Xavier Plouseau-Guédé ,&nbsp;Alain Berry ,&nbsp;Laurent Maxit ,&nbsp;Valentin Meyer ,&nbsp;Anaïs Mougey ,&nbsp;Olivier Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the experimental estimation of the radiated sound power from a panel excited by a homogeneous and fully developed turbulent boundary layer. Two approaches are investigated, one based on vibration measurements and the other on near-field sound pressure measurements. The first method estimates the radiated sound power from the vibration cross-spectral density matrix measured for a regular grid on the panel and the theoretical radiation resistance matrix. To reduce the number of sensors on the panel, a formulation is proposed to estimate the vibration cross-spectral density between two points not measured simultaneously, using additional reference sensors. The second method estimates the radiated sound power from measuring the near-field sound pressure. The far-field sound pressure is extrapolated from the near-field measurements using the Planar Nearfield Acoustical Holography principle. The radiated sound power is then deduced from the far-field pressure. The two methods are first studied numerically to verify their validity and to highlight their limits before being evaluated experimentally in an anechoic wind tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"619 ","pages":"Article 119363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A virtual force-based method for time-domain force identification with unknown initial conditions 基于虚拟力的未知初始条件时域力辨识方法
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119375
Haojie Luan , Jili Rong , Xi Wang
{"title":"A virtual force-based method for time-domain force identification with unknown initial conditions","authors":"Haojie Luan ,&nbsp;Jili Rong ,&nbsp;Xi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a virtual force-based Green's kernel function method (VFB-GKFM) for identifying time-domain force under unknown initial conditions. The key concept is to reinterpret the free vibration caused by unknown initial conditions as the response induced by virtual forces acting before the start of sampling. This method transforms the challenge of dealing with unknown initial conditions into the task of identifying virtual forces. This allows both the actual and virtual forces to be identified within the unified framework of conventional GKFM, requiring only impulse response functions that can be readily obtained through experiments. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for both single-force and multiple-force scenarios. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the required virtual force duration for stable identification is insensitive to structural damping, loading patterns, and pre-sampling motion duration. Further investigation reveals that the fundamental natural period of the structure may be useful for determining appropriate virtual force duration. The method is validated through experimental tests conducted entirely using experimental data without relying on finite element models, making it particularly well-suited for practical engineering applications where accurate structural models are difficult to obtain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"619 ","pages":"Article 119375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-driven collaborative optimal design of acoustic black hole in panel flutter suppression 面板颤振抑制声黑洞数据驱动协同优化设计
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119370
Zhuogeng Zhang , Xiaodong Wang , Hongli Ji , Jinhao Qiu , Li Cheng
{"title":"Data-driven collaborative optimal design of acoustic black hole in panel flutter suppression","authors":"Zhuogeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang ,&nbsp;Hongli Ji ,&nbsp;Jinhao Qiu ,&nbsp;Li Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the flutter critical boundary of panel with an Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) and its optimization and proposed an innovative optimization framework that combines a data-driven approach with physical mechanisms. At the panel-ABH interface, an improved coupled model was established by considering both the <em>z</em>-direction displacements and the rotations around the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> axes. Leveraging the modal condensation theory, a comprehensive analysis is performed on how various modal parameters intricately interact to influence the aeroelastic response. To achieve larger flutter boundary, a hybrid surrogate model is developed to effectively capture the relationships between multiple inputs and output objectives. A closed-loop verification mechanism linking the surrogate model’s prediction errors and finite element solutions is established, requiring only 225 model simulations to obtain an optimal design. The results show the optimized ABH can enhance the panel’s flutter boundary by up to 29.4 %, nearly tripling the initial effect, fully demonstrating the superiority of the optimization. Moreover, the analysis of ABH’s effective modal distribution and effective modal mass were conducted, thereby elucidating the mapping relationship between physical mechanisms and optimization performance, providing a theoretical basis for the superiority of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"619 ","pages":"Article 119370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shimmy dynamics of a towed wheel system subjected to colored stochastic excitations 有色随机激励下拖轮系统的摆振动力学
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119354
Xiaolei Du , Yong Xu , Qi Liu , Yongge Li , Gabor Stepan
{"title":"Shimmy dynamics of a towed wheel system subjected to colored stochastic excitations","authors":"Xiaolei Du ,&nbsp;Yong Xu ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Yongge Li ,&nbsp;Gabor Stepan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines shimmy dynamics in a towed wheel system in case of colored noise excitations. Shimmy, a usually harmful self-excited oscillation, is traditionally studied in deterministic systems where bistability, chaotic, and transient chaotic oscillations may appear. Since these systems are often subjected to stochastic excitations from road or wind irregularities, we introduce random disturbances into the simplest mechanical model of shimmy and analyze the dynamical behaviors using bifurcation analysis and Monte Carlo method. The results show that the random excitations lead to stochastic P-bifurcation and random transitions, causing the system to alternate between rolling and slipping states. Also, the increased noise intensity shortens the mean first passage times. The proposed methodology provides a toolbox for engineers to estimate the probabilities of catastrophic oscillations in towed wheels and attached structures subjected to real-life stochastic perturbations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computation of dynamic behavior of sound absorbing porous materials using efficient Fourier transform approach 利用有效傅里叶变换方法计算吸声多孔材料的动力性能
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119337
Quy-Dong To , Cong-Truc Nguyen , Minh-Tan Nguyen
{"title":"Computation of dynamic behavior of sound absorbing porous materials using efficient Fourier transform approach","authors":"Quy-Dong To ,&nbsp;Cong-Truc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Minh-Tan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose an efficient FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) based numerical method to determine the acoustical properties of sound absorbing porous materials, including dynamic viscous and thermal permeability, from the pixelized/voxelized microstructure. At the local scale, the governing equations of the two problems are periodic and dynamic generalizations of Stokes and Laplace equations with inertial body terms depending on the excitation frequency <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>. To solve the problems in regular grids, the discrete frequency dependent Green’s functions of the two problems in Fourier space are obtained using finite difference approximation and used to construct boundary equations for the distribution of force and source terms. The equations can then be solved by iterative solvers for the two cases <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>, respectively. Numerical tests for different pixelized and voxelized porous microstructure confirm the good performance and accuracy of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristic mode analysis of acoustic scatterers 声散射体特征模态分析
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119361
Lukas Jelinek , Kurt Schab , Viktor Hruska , Miloslav Capek , Mats Gustafsson
{"title":"Characteristic mode analysis of acoustic scatterers","authors":"Lukas Jelinek ,&nbsp;Kurt Schab ,&nbsp;Viktor Hruska ,&nbsp;Miloslav Capek ,&nbsp;Mats Gustafsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The explicit connection between the transition matrix and boundary element method integral operators is formulated. This enables the calculation of characteristic modes via eigenvalue problems involving either set of operators, leading to convenient orthogonality properties facilitating scattering analysis, solution of inverse problems, and the design of excitation fields. MATLAB implementation of the findings is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantitative analysis of design influences on the dynamic properties of elastomers 设计对弹性体动态性能影响的定量分析
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119358
Drithi Shetty , Rui Wang , Steven Maradiaga , Yuankang Chen , Matthew R.W. Brake
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of design influences on the dynamic properties of elastomers","authors":"Drithi Shetty ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Steven Maradiaga ,&nbsp;Yuankang Chen ,&nbsp;Matthew R.W. Brake","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastomeric o-rings are widely used as a source of passive damping in structures. Due to their viscoelastic nature, the dynamic response of elastomers depends on the strain rate. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is an inexpensive experimental method to obtain the resulting material properties. However, the dynamic behavior of an elastomeric product also depends on design factors such as its shape and the level of pre-stress applied in-situ, which cannot be measured using DMA. This paper provides a quantitative comparison between ex-situ DMA performed using a rheometer and in-situ tests that replicate the operating environment. The effect of squeeze, temperature, shape, and material on the frequency-dependent stiffness and damping of elastomeric o-rings is presented in order to understand the relationship between properties measured in-situ and ex-situ. The interactions between these design and operational parameters are also discussed. Understanding these interactions helps in designing o-rings that perform optimally under varying conditions and the comparison with ex-situ measurements provides a basis for future low-fidelity modeling efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal stresses in multiring MEMS gyroscopes: Mathematical modeling with experimental validation 多环MEMS陀螺仪的热应力:数学建模与实验验证
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119345
Mehran Hosseini-Pishrobat , Erdinc Tatar
{"title":"Thermal stresses in multiring MEMS gyroscopes: Mathematical modeling with experimental validation","authors":"Mehran Hosseini-Pishrobat ,&nbsp;Erdinc Tatar","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is, arguably, the predominant environmental variable impacting the performance of MEMS gyroscopes. Nevertheless, examination and formulation of the solid mechanics underlying the effects of temperature, especially regarding thermal stresses, remains largely unexplored in the literature. Motivated to address this issue, we lay out a novel framework to mathematically model the effects of thermal stresses on a multiring gyroscope’s stiffness matrix. We also take into account the temperature dependency of material properties, including Young’s modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Adhering to the variational principles of solid mechanics and linear thermoelasticity, we formulate the displacement field calculation of the gyroscope considering ring-beam continuity/boundary constraints. We use the Ritz method to convert and solve the subsequent optimization problems as quadratic programs (QPs). We obtain analytical expressions for the stiffness matrix variations under thermal stresses. These results distinguish terms induced by nonhomogeneous boundary conditions from those caused by thermal deformations in the gyroscope’s moving structure. Such boundary conditions account for 1) expansion/contraction of the internal suspension and 2) thermo-mechanical effects due to the different CTEs across MEMS layers, including the glass substrate and the die-attach material. We compare our method against finite element simulations and validate it using experimental data from our 58 kHz, 3.2 mm-diameter gyroscope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semi-analytical framework for the study of finite-time stability of forced dynamical systems with slowly varying parameters 慢变参数强迫动力系统有限时间稳定性研究的半解析框架
IF 4.9 2区 工程技术
Journal of Sound and Vibration Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119359
Andras Bartfai , Felipe Eduardo Ponce-Vanegas , S. John Hogan , Rachel Kuske , Zoltan Dombovari
{"title":"Semi-analytical framework for the study of finite-time stability of forced dynamical systems with slowly varying parameters","authors":"Andras Bartfai ,&nbsp;Felipe Eduardo Ponce-Vanegas ,&nbsp;S. John Hogan ,&nbsp;Rachel Kuske ,&nbsp;Zoltan Dombovari","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Framework to analytically approximate the solution of forced dynamical systems with time varying parameters and to analyze their finite-time stability. The work was inspired by an example in robotic machining, where the mechanical parameters of the system can vary over a wide range during the process, and where there are large forces due to an assumed cutting operation. The simplest possible non-autonomous linear system undergoing dynamic stability loss is studied which serves as a solid foundation to explore the mathematical intricacy behind such systems. After defining the differential equation corresponding to this simple system, the complementary function is studied using a frozen-time approach. The particular integral can be evaluated for this system by the asymptotic expansion of error functions. We present a new approach for the approximation of particular integrals, the iterative integration by parts (IIBP) method, which is then extensively studied and compared to the equations describing the exact analytic solution. The convergence and sensitivity of the IIBP method are discussed. The method is extended to multiple degrees of freedom mechanical systems with time varying parameters. It is shown that standard numerical schemes are not suitable for predicting finite-time stability properties even in the simplest case, because small errors accumulate causing large differences from the analytical solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信