Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices最新文献

{"title":"Ugi-Functionalized Magnetic Carbon Quantum Dots: an Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines","authors":"Faezeh Montazeri,&nbsp;Robabeh Baharfar,&nbsp;Behrooz Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents the synthesis of Ugi-modified magnetic carbon quantum dots (MCQD-AP-Ugi) via a one-pot process to improve functionality. For the first time, the Ugi reaction was utilized to modify the surface of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), thereby creating an environmentally friendly hydrogen-bonding nanocatalyst. The CQDs were produced using a hydrothermal method with citric acid and urea, then coated onto magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The surface was further modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to produce amine-modified MCQD (MCQD-AP). A one-pot Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) was conducted with MCQD-AP, glacial acetic acid, tert-butylisocyanide, and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Characterization of the catalysts utilized various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), EDS mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. The catalytic performance of MCQD-AP-Ugi was evaluated as a hydrogen bonding catalyst for producing 1,4-dihydropyrimidines (1,4-DHPs), achieving yields of 80 %–97 % at 40 °C over 10–25 min. This method offers several advantages, such as operating under milder reaction conditions, achieving higher product yields, and allowing for easy catalyst separation with an external magnet, all while requiring shorter reaction times compared to traditional methods. These factors improve the efficiency, reliability, and practicality of the synthetic method, highlighting MCQD-AP-Ugi's potential as a versatile catalyst for chemical reactions. Its capacity for reuse over nine cycles demonstrates its sustainability and cost-effectiveness, making it well-suited for large-scale production. Utilizing the Ugi-4CR to modify magnetic carbon quantum dots offers several advantages, including a simplified one-pot process, a variety of functional groups such as Carboxamide [-C(O)NH–], reduced costs, and lower pollution levels. Furthermore, the design of the catalyst, characterized by the incorporation of Carboxamide, not only enhances catalytic activity but also promotes homogeneity, thereby improving overall performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring porosity and antibacterial activity in MgO/ZrO2-modified kaolin ceramics for use in wastewater filtration systems","authors":"Dikra Bouras ,&nbsp;Mamoun Fellah ,&nbsp;Billel Salhi ,&nbsp;Nestor Ankah ,&nbsp;Neçar Merah","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of natural ceramic materials with multifunctional properties is essential for promoting sustainable solutions in wastewater treatment and microbial control. This study examines kaolinite-based ceramics from Algerian DjebelDebbagh clay (DD2) modified with magnesium oxide (MgO) at concentrations of 0, 40, and 80 wt%, both with and without the addition of 38 wt% zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) (DD2Z), to evaluate their structural, adsorptive, and antibacterial properties. Ceramic composites were synthesized through high-temperature sintering and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy analysis (AFM). Phase analysis indicated the development of mullite, spinel, zircon, and magnesium silicate phases, which progressed with higher MgO content. The incorporation of ZrO₂ enhanced mesoporosity and surface area, whereas MgO improved permeability and facilitated bacterial inactivation. The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas putida was assessed through immersion and agar diffusion methods, revealing that the DD2Z + 80 wt% MgO sample demonstrated the highest inhibition rate of 75 % and the largest inhibition zone measuring 12.5 mm. Liquid diffusion tests confirmed enhanced wettability and pore connectivity in the ZrO₂-MgO systems. The findings indicate that MgO- and ZrO₂-modified natural kaolinite ceramics may serve as cost-effective, durable, and antibacterial materials suitable for integrated wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators: A critical review of materials, fabric designs, and washability for wearable applications","authors":"Bekinew Kitaw Dejene,&nbsp;Ajebew Yalew Melese","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for self-powered wearable electronics, leveraging everyday clothing and fabrics to harvest mechanical energy from human motions. Unlike conventional rigid TENGs, T-TENGs offer superior flexibility, breathability, and seamless integration into textiles, making them ideal for applications in smart wearables, healthcare monitoring, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, critical challenges remain in optimizing fiber materials, fabric structures, and long-term washability for practical applications. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent advancements in T-TENGs, focusing on three key areas: (1) fiber selection (triboelectric materials, conductive components, and hybrid functionalization), (2) fabric structure optimization (woven, knitted, and nonwoven architectures, layered designs, and stretchability enhancements), and (3) washability and durability challenges (degradation mechanisms, encapsulation strategies, and standardized testing methods). We systematically evaluated the trade-offs between performance, comfort, and durability, highlighting unresolved issues such as mechanical degradation after washing, electrode delamination, and scalability limitations. Furthermore, we discussed emerging applications in wearable energy harvesting, self-powered sensors, and smart textiles, while outlining future research directions, including sustainable materials, machine learning-assisted design, and integration with energy-storage systems. This review aims to serve as a guideline for researchers and engineers working on next-generation T-TENGs, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale innovations and commercially viable textile-based energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene/NiCo2S4 2D/3D Heterostructure as a High-Performance Pt-Free Counter Electrode for DSSCs","authors":"Kumar Subalakshmi ,&nbsp;Anshika Gupta ,&nbsp;Youngmin Lee ,&nbsp;Sejoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study represents a novel 2D/3D heterostructure of MXene/NiCo₂S₄ composites, which were used for the first time as a high-performance counter-electrode material for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The unique morphology of 2D-MXene/3D-NiCo₂S₄ proved advantageous in producing good electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact, enhancing the electrocatalytic activity via vigorous electron transfer and ion diffusion. Cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements confirmed that hierarchical interconnection and aggregation of 2D-MXene sheets/3D-NiCo₂S₄ nanoparticles lead to both fast charge transport and rapid redox reaction kinetics. Consequently, the DSSC device assembled with the 2D-MXene/3D-NiCo₂S₄ counter electrode exhibited a higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency of up to 8.76 % compared to that of the standard Pt counter electrode-assembled device (8.46 %). These findings offer a perspective design concept for materializing the Pt-free, high-performance 2D/3D hierarchical heterostructure as a superb counter electrode of next-generation photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced sodium alginate-Based active packaging films via sonication, CaCl2 crosslinking, and patchouli essential oil incorporation","authors":"Farhana Azmira Asmadi ,&nbsp;Nurul Afwani Khalid ,&nbsp;Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri ,&nbsp;Siti Hajar Othman ,&nbsp;Rosnita A. Talib ,&nbsp;Thinesh Sharma Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the development of enhanced sodium alginate (SA)-based active packaging films using a synergistic approach that combines sonication, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) crosslinking, and incorporation of patchouli essential oil (PEO). The fabrication of the films involved optimized sonication (5 min at 50 % amplitude), internal crosslinking with 2 % CaCl₂, and 1 % (w/v) PEO. The resulting film (S5/C2/PEO) exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.05) improvements in tensile strength (31.8 MPa), reduced water vapor permeability (2.11 × 10⁻¹¹ g m⁻¹ h⁻¹·Pa⁻¹), and enhanced thermal stability. FTIR analysis revealed intensified hydrogen bonding, indicating the successful integration of PEO and structural reinforcement via Ca²⁺ crosslinking. A qualitative <em>in vivo</em> preservation test on cherry tomatoes demonstrated mold inhibition by the S5/C2/PEO film over four days of storage, in contrast to rapid spoilage in the control. Although these antimicrobial results are preliminary and based on visual assessment, they underscore the potential of the film as a biodegradable active food packaging solution. Future studies should incorporate quantitative microbiological and sensory analyses to validate its efficacy and address the potential aroma transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies","authors":"Y. Feng ,&nbsp;A.T.Z. Lim ,&nbsp;M. Lu ,&nbsp;J. Sun ,&nbsp;K.Y. Chan ,&nbsp;S. Ghotekar ,&nbsp;D. Zhou ,&nbsp;D.C. Sinclair ,&nbsp;K.B. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the novel synergistic co-doping of (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)²⁺ ions into the A-sites of Ba(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BZN) perovskites to optimise dielectric properties and reduce sintering temperatures. Polycrystalline (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)_xBa_1−xZn_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ ceramics (x = 0.1–0.4) were synthesised via solid-state reaction, achieving dense microstructures with relative densities exceeding 92 %. The presence of Na_0.13Bi_1.87O_2.87 and ZnNb₂O₆ transient phases facilitated a significant reduction in sintering temperature from 1200 °C (x = 0.1) to as low as 950 °C (x = 0.4). XRD, Rietveld refinement and TEM confirmed the formation of phase-pure cubic perovskites with <em>Pm</em> <span><math><mrow><mover><mn>3</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> <em>m</em> symmetry. Dielectric studies revealed enhanced room-temperature relative permittivity (ε′) and optimised dielectric loss (tan δ), attributed to dipole polarisation induced by 6s² lone-pair electrons of Bi³⁺ and improved grain size. Notably, the composition, x = 0.2 exhibited the lowest tan δ (∼0.0096 at 1 MHz) and highest electrical resistance, representing the optimal balance of dielectric performance. Impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed grain-dominated electrical processes and reduced oxygen vacancies, thereby corroborating the correlation between composition, microstructure and electrical properties. This work highlights the functionality of (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)²⁺ co-doping to enhance the dielectric performance of BZN perovskites while achieving optimal density at reduced sintering temperatures, thus rendering them suitable for applications in Low-Temperature Co-Fired ceramic (LTCC) for advanced electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites using in-situ co-extrusion towpreg material extrusion process with optimized cooling and evaluation of their mechanical performance and quality","authors":"Nabeel Maqsood ,&nbsp;Jawad Ullah ,&nbsp;Marius Rimašauskas ,&nbsp;Kateřina Skotnicová ,&nbsp;Genrik Mordas ,&nbsp;Conor McCrickard ,&nbsp;Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Alistair McIlhagger ,&nbsp;Edward Archer","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer composites mainly reinforced with continuous fibers manufactured using the material extrusion technique have gained attention due to their light weight and high-performance capabilities. Thermoplastics reinforced with continuous carbon fiber (CCF) offer exceptional mechanical properties. Polymer composites are fabricated using the material extrusion process, adapting various methods. Manufacturing such composites using fused filament fabrication (FFF) with high quality and reduced air void content is challenging due to the complexity of the process. In this study, in-situ co-extrusion with the towpreg process is used to manufacture CCF reinforced composites using the FFF technique. Two important printing parameters (layer thickness and line width) are considered. Mechanical properties (tensile, shear and compressive) were studied after the manufacturing of the composites. The porosity in the composites was observed using X-ray micro computed tomography scan, and the carbon fiber contents were estimated using the dissolution method, while the fracture analysis was performed using SEM. The results obtained suggested that both the printing parameters have a significant impact on the quality and mechanical properties of the additively manufactured composites. The polymer composite fabricated using a layer thickness of 0.4 mm and a line width of 1 mm showed the highest tensile, shear, and compressive strength of 364.69 MPa, 33.89 MPa, and 121.25 MPa, respectively, with a minimum porosity of 16.14 % and a reinforcement content of 26.12 % volume fraction. This thorough research gave insights into how differences in printing settings affect the structural integrity, mechanical properties, and quality of composites, directing future optimizations for improving the performance and quality of 3D-printed thermoplastic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling strategies for lead halide perovskite solar cells: Current approaches, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Vidhya Selvanathan ,&nbsp;Nadia Hartini Suhaimi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Wafi Mahmood Zuhdi ,&nbsp;Yap Boon Kar ,&nbsp;Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan ,&nbsp;Md. Akhtaruzzaman ,&nbsp;Tiong Sieh Kiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced rapid advancements in efficiency and stability, positioning them as viable candidates for commercial applications. However, as PSC technology nears commercialization, the development of standardized end-of-life (EOL) management protocols, particularly for recycling, becomes essential to mitigate environmental and health risks. PSCs contain valuable yet potentially hazardous components, such as lead, which, if not properly managed, can leach into the environment, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health. With projections indicating a global deployment of up to 100,000 metric tons of lead from PSCs by 2030, effective recycling strategies are critical for preventing long-term contamination. This review discusses the challenges of recycling PSCs, including the complexity of their material compositions and diverse architectures. It also explores various recycling approaches, such as in-situ and layer-by-layer retrieval techniques, focusing on key components like TCOs, ETL/HTL layers, and lead. As PSC technology evolves, recycling strategies must adapt to these innovations. In the final section, the review emphasizes the limitations and challenges faced by recent PSC recycling technologies, and in conclusion, this review provides insights into the future outlook of perovskite solar cell (PSC) recycling, taking into account the anticipated advancements in materials and fabrication technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles in gas sensing: A comprehensive review of synthesis, mechanisms, performance metrics, and emerging applications","authors":"Rawan A. Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Fatima G. Alhaddad ,&nbsp;Ebtsam O. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Fadwa S. Alsowaileh ,&nbsp;Maha D. Alghamdi ,&nbsp;A. Modwi ,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Goda ,&nbsp;Laila S. Alqarni","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique physical, chemical, and antibacterial qualities, making them highly versatile and widely used in a variety of products. These nanoparticles are utilized across various fields, including electronics, biosensing, textiles, cosmetics, sunscreens, and medical devices. Due to their unique combination of high electrical conductivity, strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and efficient electron transfer properties, AgNPs have garnered significant attention for sensing applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AgNP-based gas sensors, covering synthesis methods and their influence on nanoparticle size, shape, and stability. The integration of AgNPs with supporting materials, such as metal oxides, reduced graphene oxide, and polymers, is also discussed, highlighting improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and operational stability. Major sensing mechanisms are explained in relation to the detection of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, ethylene, and other relevant gases. These insights aim to guide the development of advanced AgNP-based gas sensors with enhanced performance for environmental and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties in dye-doped MC biopolymer films","authors":"Hawkar A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ismael I. Hussein ,&nbsp;Govar H. Hamasalih ,&nbsp;Ahmed G.S. Al-Azzawi ,&nbsp;Pshko A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi ,&nbsp;Shujahadeen B. Aziz ,&nbsp;Jamal Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymers modified with natural additives are gaining increasing attention for sustainable optoelectronic applications. In this work, a natural dye extracted from Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (CSC) flowers was incorporated into methylcellulose (MC) biopolymer films via a casting technique to enhance their optical properties. The dye-doped MC films were characterized to evaluate structural, morphological, and optical changes using established spectroscopic and imaging techniques. FTIR analysis confirmed strong hydrogen bonding between MC and CSC functional groups, primarily involving OH and NH groups. This interaction suggests good chemical compatibility and uniform dispersion of the dye within the polymer matrix. XRD results revealed an increased amorphous phase in doped samples, with a significant decrease in crystallinity, corroborated by a rise in Urbach energy from 0.327 to 0.463 eV. SEM imaging revealed distinct changes in surface morphology, with the dye-doped films exhibiting increased roughness and varied surface features compared to the smooth texture of the pristine MC, indicating effective dye incorporation and microstructural interaction. UV–Visible spectroscopy showed a red-shift in the absorption edge from 6.3 eV in pure MC to 2.24 eV in the highest doped sample (MCCS3), indicating effective band gap reduction. The refractive index increased from 1.15 to 1.18 with dye loading, indicating a denser optical medium and increased electronic polarizability. Simultaneously, the optical electronegativity decreased from 2.171 to 2.157, suggesting greater ease of electronic transitions. Optical dispersion parameters were analyzed using the Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) model, oscillator energy (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) dropped from 6.26 to 2.63 eV and dispersion energy (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) from 1.54 to 0.71 eV. Other derived parameters such as effective mass, plasma frequency, mobility, and Verdet constants support the suitability of the films for optical limiting and magneto-optical applications. This study presents a novel, eco-friendly approach to tailoring the optical properties of biodegradable polymers, offering low-cost, sustainable solutions for future green technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}