Krmanj R. Ali , Dyari M. Mamand , Ary R. Murad , Ismael I. Huseen , Dara M. Aziz , Kawan F. Kayani , Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Jamal Hassan
{"title":"Carbon Quantum Dot Derived from the Extracted Natural Dye of Hybrid Poplar Waste Leafs as an Original Progress to Enhance the Optical Properties of PVA Polymer: Solvothermal Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization","authors":"Krmanj R. Ali , Dyari M. Mamand , Ary R. Murad , Ismael I. Huseen , Dara M. Aziz , Kawan F. Kayani , Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Jamal Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research demonstrates a green and facile single-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using natural dye obtained from hybrid poplar (HP) leaf waste. The prepared CQDs were thoroughly characterized by FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, UV–Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission spectroscopies. These spectroscopic techniques confirm the presence of abundant functional groups (–OH, –COOH, –C=O) on the surface of CQDs. These CQDs were subsequently incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate nanocomposite films and examine their impact on the structural, optical, and optoelectronic properties of the PVA polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a gradual reduction in the crystallinity of PVA with increasing CQD content, indicating a disruption of polymer chain ordering and the formation of more amorphous phases. The integration of CQDs induced a progressive red-shift in the absorption spectra and significantly reduced the direct optical bandgap from 6.35 to 2.87 eV and the indirect optical bandgap from 5.85 to 2.5 eV, as estimated from Tauc plots. The Wemple–DiDomenico (W-DD) single oscillator model further confirmed enhanced interband electronic transitions, as evidenced by an increase in dispersion energy (<em>E</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) from 0.343 to 0.911 eV and a concurrent decrease in oscillator energy (<em>E</em><sub><em>o</em></sub>) from 5.817 to 2.601 eV with increasing CQD concentration. Furthermore, the nanocomposite films exhibited markedly improved nonlinear optical (NLO) performance. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ<sup>3</sup>) increased by more than three orders of magnitude, from 9.74× 10<sup>−17</sup> to 1.32 × 10<sup>−13</sup> <em>esu</em>, while the nonlinear refractive index (<em>n2</em>) rose from 0.027 to 0.167. These results were accompanied by enhancements in dielectric constants, refractive index, plasma frequency (from 2.89 × 10<sup>15</sup> to 3.78 × 10<sup>15</sup> rad/s), effective carrier concentration (from 2.90 × 10<sup>57</sup> to 4.96 × 10<sup>57</sup>), and Fermi energy (from 0.698 to 0.997 eV), indicating a significant modification in charge carrier dynamics and light–mater interactions within the PVA matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongying Wang , Yongmin Chen , Shanshan Yang , Shulan Pu , Xi Luo , Sijia Hu , Wei Feng , Tao Li , Yan Sun
{"title":"AgBr/TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary composites with dual Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient removal of organic dye","authors":"Dongying Wang , Yongmin Chen , Shanshan Yang , Shulan Pu , Xi Luo , Sijia Hu , Wei Feng , Tao Li , Yan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets with exposed (001) facets synthesized via the hydrothermal method were coupled with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> via ball milling. Based on TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (TC) heterojunction, AgBr/TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (ATC) ternary composites were obtained through an in-situ deposition-precipitation method. The ATC catalyst demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity compared to individual components. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) over ATC catalyst with AgBr content of 60 wt% reached 99.7 % within 30 min. The composites exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficiency resulting from the heterojunction among AgBr, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> which significantly decreased the electron-hole pair recombination rate. The trapping experiments indicated that superoxide radicals and holes were the primary active species involved in RhB removal. The charge transfer mechanism was analyzed in accordance with the energy band structure, revealing a double Z-scheme heterojunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rational synthesis of red carbon dots with ultra-narrow bandwidth emission for precise live cell imaging","authors":"Seyed-Omid Kalji , Majid Sadeghizadeh , Mahshid Badakhshan Boroujeni","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescence imaging is crucial for both fundamental research and biomedical applications, but the scarcity of low-cost, stable, and biocompatible fluorescence probes limits its effectiveness. Carbon dots (CDs), a class of nanomaterials with a size below 10 nm, offer advantages for bioimaging such as simple preparation, low-cost synthesis, biocompatibility, photostability, and tunable emission spectra. However, the broad fluorescence emission width reduces their imaging accuracy and color purity, affecting their suitability as bioimaging agents. In this study, the synthesis of narrow-bandwidth emissive CDs and the effect of the precursor on their full width at half maximum (FWHM) were investigated. Four types of CDs with narrow red emission were prepared: CD1 from o-phenylenediamine (OPD), CD2 from OPD and urea, CD3 from OPD and L-phenylalanine (Phe), and finally CD4 from OPD, Phe, and urea. The synthesis temperature and time for CD1-CD4 were 180 °C and 8 h. The results showed excellent biocompatibility for CDs so that up to the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, cell viability remains above 80 %. Finally, CD3 with the narrowest FWHM (28.9 nm) showed the best capability for red staining of MCF-7 cells, especially for nucleolus imaging. The synthesized CDs represent a promising step in the research and development of fluorescence probes for cellular imaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aysa Azmoudeh , Seyma Sari , Miray Türk , Sencer Moral , Özen Kaya , Muhammet U. Kahveci , Gizem Dinler Doganay , Murat Kuşcu , Nesrin Erkol Özören , Duygu Ağaoğulları
{"title":"Layer-by-layer assembled hyaluronic acid/chitosan-coated Fe3O4@rGO nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization for doxorubicin delivery in breast cancer cells","authors":"Aysa Azmoudeh , Seyma Sari , Miray Türk , Sencer Moral , Özen Kaya , Muhammet U. Kahveci , Gizem Dinler Doganay , Murat Kuşcu , Nesrin Erkol Özören , Duygu Ağaoğulları","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of significant interest for biomedical applications. Among them, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles are widely used. However, they suffer from oxidation and reduced magnetization under physiological conditions. To overcome this limitation, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@rGO (FR) nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvothermal method and optimized for 20 h reaction time. For further functionalization, the MNPs were coated with a multilayered polymeric shell consisting of alternating hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CHI) layers through a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly method, with doxorubicin (DOX) embedded directly within the HA layers for controlled release, and referred to as FR-HC@DOX. In this design, rGO enhances structural stability, HA provides CD44-mediated targeting ability, and CHI improves biocompatibility. The LbL technique allows for precise control of coating thickness and uniform layer deposition, enhancing drug-loading efficiency and ensuring controllable release profiles. The optimized FR-HC@DOX maintained sufficient magnetic response (M<sub>s</sub> = 26.04 emu/g) after drug loading, which is substantially higher than most reported polymer-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> systems that typically drop below 20 emu/g. These magnetic nanocarriers also exhibited strong pH sensitivity (∼100 % release at pH 5.5 vs 13 % at pH 7.4) and showed potent anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells while remaining biocompatible in MCF-12A healthy control cells at concentrations up to 80 μg/mL. This study presents a new approach by combining rGO embedded/coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with multilayer HA/CHI coatings, creating a magnetic nanocarrier that improves the stability of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, is controllable, pH-responsive, and targeted drug release. These results position the system as a distinctive and effective nanoplatform for magnetically guided, tumor-targeted chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edy E. Cuevas-Arizaca , Carlos D. Gonzales-Lorenzo , R.R. Rojas Rocca , T.K. Gundu Rao , J.F. Diniz Chubaci , S. Watanabe
{"title":"Correlation studies of thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance in Cr3+-doped CaSiO3 phosphor for dosimetric purposes","authors":"Edy E. Cuevas-Arizaca , Carlos D. Gonzales-Lorenzo , R.R. Rojas Rocca , T.K. Gundu Rao , J.F. Diniz Chubaci , S. Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped CaSiO<sub>3</sub> synthesized by the devitrification method, confirmed as a β-CaSiO<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline structure via X-ray diffraction. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis shows peaks at 120, 247, and 299 °C. The 120 °C peak exhibits a linear dose-response, while the 247 °C and 299 °C peaks display supralinear behavior at higher doses. The phosphor was studied using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), revealing a single isotropic EPR line at g = 1.981 attributed to Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions, and another isotropic line at g = 1.978 in γ-irradiated samples identified as the F<sup>+</sup> center. The F center, precursor to the F<sup>+</sup> center, correlates with the low-temperature TL peak at 120 °C. The EPR signal at g = 1.978 shows an exponential increase with gamma dose, indicating that Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped CaSiO<sub>3</sub> is a promising material for radiation detection and EPR dosimetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linfei Wang , Jiajun Ma , Zhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Tinghong Gao , Jin Huang , Bei Wang , Fuhong Ren , Shiyun Wang , Qiwei Sun , Liang Liu
{"title":"Crystallization mechanism and interfacial analysis of highly uniform GaAs heterojunctions with anisotropic properties","authors":"Linfei Wang , Jiajun Ma , Zhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Tinghong Gao , Jin Huang , Bei Wang , Fuhong Ren , Shiyun Wang , Qiwei Sun , Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium arsenide (GaAs), a key III–V compound semiconductor, is widely used in optoelectronic and microelectronic applications due to its exceptional properties, including high-frequency operation capability, outstanding electron mobility, high power output, low noise figure, and excellent linearity. These characteristics make it indispensable for advanced photonic and electronic devices. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to investigate the crystallization process of GaAs heterojunctions under orientation-controlled conditions, with a specific focus on heterostructures comprising zinc blende and wurtzite phases. We systematically examine the crystallization kinetics, interfacial growth mechanisms, defect evolution, and structural degradation during phase transformation. The results reveal a strong crystallographic dependence of morphological evolution, demonstrating pronounced anisotropic behavior at the heterointerfaces. Furthermore, we propose a novel strategy for fabricating high-quality GaAs crystals through controlled orientation engineering. The insights into defect-mediated crystallization mechanisms provide new perspectives for semiconductor crystal growth technology. The findings establish a structural basis for tailoring material properties via defect engineering, which is essential for advancing the development of near-infrared optoelectronic and laser technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resistive switching memories featuring neuromorphic functionality for advanced wearable electronic platforms","authors":"Hyojung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements have established stretchable electronics as essential elements for flexible paper-like displays, wearable technology, artificial skin interfaces, and medical implants. Wearable platforms have continuous bending and twisting, requiring embedded circuits to endure deformation while maintaining functionality. Among potential memory options, resistive switching devices present the most appropriate choice for elastic storage. This is due to the straightforward metal-insulator-metal configuration arranged in a crossbar grid, which uses oxygen vacancy migration or metallic filament growth to establish stable conductive routes. The increasing need for interconnected personal electronics drives progress in scalable fabrication methods that significantly reduce costs while enhancing mechanical flexibility. This article details the selection of materials and architectural concepts that allow for flexible resistive switching memories, followed by a discussion on their electrical behavior and the fundamental principles of resistive switching. The descriptions include selections of electrodes, soft dielectric layers, stretchable crossbar configurations, and memristive components that mimic synaptic action. Flexible memristors also play a crucial role in embedded sensor networks by integrating signal conditioning with non-volatile recording capabilities. Although the development stage is still in its early stages, the experimental data indicate significant potential for rapid advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave-assisted deposition techniques for water splitting electrocatalysts: Advances, strategies, and challenges","authors":"Vidhya Selvanathan , Nadia Hartini Suhaimi , Norasikin Ahmad Ludin , Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan , Md Akhtaruzzaman , Tiong Sieh Kiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research into cutting-edge water splitting technologies has been prompted by the growing demand for sustainable hydrogen production. Electrochemical water splitting, consisting of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is a promising method but remains constrained by high energy input due to kinetic limitations. Despite having exceptional catalytic activity, noble metals like Pt and Ru/Ir are challenging to use on a large scale due to their high cost and scarcity. In response, the development of cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts has become a significant research focus. Microwave-assisted synthesis is one of the newer fabrication methods that has garnered a lot of attention because it can quickly trigger chemical reactions in mild environments, providing benefits like faster reaction times, better structural control, and improved catalytic performance. This review provides an in-depth examination of microwave-assisted methods for electrocatalyst fabrication, exploring their underlying principles, synthetic strategies, and recent material developments. It also discusses recent design innovations enabled by microwave technology and outlines current challenges for advancing this technique toward efficient and economical hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in halide perovskite material classes for field-effect transistors","authors":"Hyojung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the recent progress in thin-film field-effect transistors (FETs) that employ 2D halide perovskites as the active layer. Attention is concentrated on the molecular chemistry that affects lattice integrity and interface energetics. The incorporation of spacer cations with medium alkyl chains, π-conjugated bonds, diammonium linkers, or chiral centers has significantly improved the layered network, minimized vacancy formation, and restricted ion migration. Additional additives that supplied sulfur donors or extra metal halides improved crystal continuity and preserved the desired oxidation state of tin, resulting in films with smooth grains and low trap densities. Interlayers displaying significant dipole moments aligned the perovskite work function with gold (Au) electrodes, enabling close ohmic contact. Simultaneously, cross-linked polymer dielectrics and protective 2D caps significantly reduced leakage, prevented moisture ingress, and controlled ionic drift. The combination of chemical and process engineering resulted in transfer characteristics that demonstrate narrow hysteresis, stable threshold voltages, and improved mobility. The capacity to regulate gating via light and the reversible interaction with oxygen demonstrated additional adaptability; nonetheless, the intrinsic ionic flexibility underscored the need for strategies that guarantee enduring consistency. Recent results highlight 2D perovskites as among the most promising solution-processed semiconductors for flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Tariqul Islam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi
{"title":"Enhancing liquid chemical sensing and EMI shielding with hexagon-encased dual square split resonators","authors":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical industry relies on advanced sensing technologies to accurately assess liquid chemical samples. Many electronic devices require electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to ensure reliable performance. This study introduces a Hexagon-Encased Dual Square Split Resonator (H-DSSR) structure, based on metamaterials, designed for liquid chemical sensing applications. The proposed structure is polarization-independent, offering high sensitivity and a high-quality factor. It is constructed from an RT5880 substrate, measuring 10 × 10 mm with a thickness of 1.57 mm, and operates at a resonance frequency of 10.65 GHz for both electric and magnetic transverse modes. The scattering parameters (transmission coefficients) are analyzed at various angles, including the incident angle (φ) and polar angle (θ), up to 75° for both modes. To validate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed metamaterial structure is fabricated and tested in a laboratory setting with different liquid substances. The sensor prototype achieves a sensitivity of 0.60 and a quality factor of 269, demonstrating significant improvements over previous studies, particularly in EMI shielding applications. This sensor can be applied in industries such as liquid chemical monitoring and telecommunications, offering substantial benefits for chemical industries while advancing EMI shielding technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}