American History & Politics: Scientific edition最新文献

{"title":"Formation of US foreign policy strategies and doctrines at the beginning of the 21st century: a practical dimension","authors":"D. Lakishyk","doi":"10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to analyze the foreign policy strategies and doctrines of the USA in the last decades. Special attention is paid to presidential doctrines, which, focusing on the most important priorities of the president’s foreign policy, shape the position of the state in the modern system of international relations. Currently, the key direction of foreign policy priorities has become the development of strategies covering the concept of “new challenges” to national security. Threats such as terrorism, regional instability, uncontrolled flows of weapons and drug trafficking, transnational crime networks and illegal migration, ethnic conflicts and political regimes, systematic violation of human rights, growing demand for resources, natural disasters, environmental hazards, and pandemics came to the fore. The renewal of the complex of strategic threats has caused the modernization of American approaches to ensuring security and defense. As a result of the study, based on the application of political analysis methods, considerable attention is paid to the strategic culture of the USA as an answer to fundamental questions about the way of thinking and behavior of the state, the tools of its foreign policy, its perception of key categories for national improvement – «security», «enemy», «environment», «threat». Taking into account the evolutionary dimension of the perception, awareness and overcoming of threats to the USA, it is possible to single out certain features of strategic culture that played and continue to play a significant role in the process of making foreign policy decisions of this state, which are discussed in this article. Conclusions. All US foreign policy actions are aimed at achieving its own national interests, and their structuring, reflection and consolidation in doctrinal documents allow for the synchronization of foreign policy steps and the adoption of important political decisions, despite the turbulence in international relations and the changing geopolitical realities of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":172099,"journal":{"name":"American History & Politics: Scientific edition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126890401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy of President Joe Biden’s administration towards creation an anti-iranian alliance in the Middle East","authors":"Viacheslav Shved","doi":"10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the foreign course of President Joe Biden’s administration in regard to making an anti-iranian coalition in the Middle East. Due to a plethora of intra and extra factors, this particular deal has become crucial. The significance is defined by analyzing one of the most important aspects of American foreign policy in the Middle East for the last short period of time. Its realization will help not only oppose Iranian expansionism in the region but also stand against a possible alliance of two dictators regimes – Putin’s and Ayatollahs’ – in the Russian-Ukrainian war, and in the future could lead to serious danger for all regional security system in the Middle East. The aim of the article is to systematic investigation of the US’ foreign strategy to create an anti-Iranian alliance in the Middle East, mentioning new features, that occur from late 2022 and the beginning of 2023. The article shows the importance of the anti-Iranian alliance as one of the pivotal fronts of war between the global democratic team led by the US and the global dictators’ bunch, which can possibly doom the future of humanity. Methods include a broad mix of general scientific and narrow methods like systemic method, comparative analysis, sources’ critic analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author is first in Ukrainian historiography, who tried to investigate the ongoing process of reforming the political and security situation in the Middle East and made a complex analysis of one of the top priority foreign policy themes, conducted by President Joe Biden’s administration in the Middle East, with inventing into research agenda new American, Israel and Arab sources. New reasons and facets in the Middle Eastern geopolitical situation are highlighted, which indicate the cruciality of the research problem. The author draws a conclusion about the correlation of processes in the Middle East and Ukraine, in particular, that the policy of J. Biden’s administration in the specified direction allows more effective resistance to Russian aggression in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":172099,"journal":{"name":"American History & Politics: Scientific edition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134244054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University’s international cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of Northern and Southern America countries in 1944–1975’s","authors":"O. Kupchyk","doi":"10.17721/2521-1706.2022.14.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2022.14.3","url":null,"abstract":"The world’s leading countries use international cooperation in the education and science field to influence and confirm their authority. The countries of North and South America and the USSR used scientific and educational relations as a means of communication. For Kyiv State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, this provided an opportunity to expand the geography of international relations. Therefore, the aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the connections of KSU named after T. G. Shevchenko with scientific and educational institutions of the countries of North and South America in 1944–1975’s. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the scientific and educational ties of KSU named T. G. Shevchenko with scientific and educational institutions of the USA and Canada, as well as Latin American countries in 1944–1975’s, have been highlighted for the first time. The methodological basis of the research was the methods of historical retrospection and problem-chronological and analytical methods. The conclusions. It is noted that at the end of the Second World War (1944–1945), the establishment of ties by Kyiv University with educational and scientific institutions of the countries of North and South America was not possible due to the reconstruction of the city and the university itself. And during the period of post-war reconstruction (1946–1950), the Soviet-American confrontation was added to the mentioned problems, which then turned into the Cold War. It is indicated that some scientists from the countries of North America began to visit Kyiv State University named after Taras Shevchenko since the mid-1950s. The prerequisite for this was the liberal socio-political changes in the USSR associated with de-Stalinization (1953–1956) and the Khrushchev Thaw that began in 1956. It is noted that ties between American, Canadian and Soviet universities began to be established after Soviet leader M. Khrushchev visited the USA in 1959. Delegations from American universities visited Kyiv University to familiarize themselves with the organization of educational and scientific work. At the same time, guests from South American countries began to visit Kyiv University. It is indicated that with the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Republic of Cuba in 1960, frequent guests at Kyiv State University named after Taras Shevchenko joined Cuban scientists and delegations. Furthermore, Kyiv University has established close cooperation with the Central University of Las Villas Province. From the same year, young people from Latin American countries began to enroll in the Preparatory Faculty for Foreign Citizens. It was clarified that in the mid-1960s Kyiv State University named after Taras Shevchenko’s most active international book exchange was with the Library of Congress in Washington. It was determined that despite the «international détente» in relations between the USA and the USSR in 1969, the ties of","PeriodicalId":172099,"journal":{"name":"American History & Politics: Scientific edition","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134146794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The image of A. Lincoln in the collective memory of the US society during World War II","authors":"A. Kosheliev","doi":"10.17721/2521-1706.2022.14.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2022.14.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of the elements of the formation and adaptation of the historical memory of American society at a critical moment in their state’s history. The study is focused on the perception and transformation of the image of A. Lincoln in the public consciousness on the eve and in the midst of the largest world conflict. In particular, it is demonstrated how the A. Lincoln’s name was used in various spheres of American culture and politics to find a moral point of support and a value justification for the need to fight. The methodological basis of the article was the principle of historicism, systematic approach, problem-chronological method and descriptive method. The study’s theoretical basis is the concept of «cultural memory» of society, which is one of the elements of the broader phenomenon of «collective memory». The application of this theoretical toolkit provided an opportunity to cover the development of American society’s spiritual sphere and determine its value orientations in historical dynamics. Considering that virtually every society in the world, in one way or another, uses the names of historical figures to form its collective memory, this angle of consideration of the issue makes it relevant for the modern Ukrainian state as well. Conclusions. The study shows that the socio-political, economic, and cultural contexts that have been established in the country in certain historical periods, directly affect the formation of society’s cultural memory. In democracies with deep-rooted market economies, such as the United States, the collective perception of the past is decentralized, and the state plays a minimal role in the process. The thesis about the dependence of the formed images of separate historical figures on the socio-cultural, political, and economic context is also substantiated. This statement is proved by the example of Americans’ perception of the memory of the sixteenth President of the United States A. Lincoln in different historical periods of its development.","PeriodicalId":172099,"journal":{"name":"American History & Politics: Scientific edition","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127201427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}