Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines最新文献

{"title":"Commitment issues: security and belonging in a white Kenyan household","authors":"G. Fox","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.953557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.953557","url":null,"abstract":"Once the archetype of romantic colonialism, white Kenyans with personal or familial ties to colonialism face a multitude of challenges with respect to their history and political status. In this article, I examine how discourses related to whites “belonging” in Kenya have constellated around the issue of security, especially in Nairobi, where crime (and recently, terrorism) makes security a potent and political topic. Of particular importance is the staff that white Kenyans employ in their homes. In contexts where African neighbours are predominantly impoverished, I emphasise employer–employee relationships as a key performance of commitment to the Kenyan community. As amendments to the Kenyan constitution have brought forth new issues related to citizenship and “commitment” by white Kenyan citizens, I also proffer that domestic projects of securitisation help to establish their investment or commitment to Kenya, constituting both a grounded and discursive defence against crime or political antagonism.","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128403351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic politics and democratic transition in Rwanda","authors":"Susan Thomson","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.949449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.949449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges, debates, and reflections on the “post” in “post-conflict” Côte d'Ivoire: an introduction","authors":"S. Straus","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.979536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.979536","url":null,"abstract":"How do you rebuild states after war? How do you restore confidence in state institutions weakened by violent conflict? How do you repair deeply divided social relations after more than a decade of political crisis and violence? How do you help citizens gain faith in politics after politics has brought so much pain and suffering to the civilian population? How do you address the underlying causes of conflict that drove war in the first place? How do you create stability from a period of fragility and instability? How do memories of violence and atrocity influence politics and social well-being? These are some of the questions that every country faces after a period of armed conflict and violence. In recent years in sub-Saharan Africa, these questions have been especially present in numerous countries in every sub-region of the continent. In Southern Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, and even post-apartheid South Africa wrestled with these challenges. In East Africa, the same can be said of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, and South Sudan. As for Central Africa, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo-Brazzaville, the Central African Republic, and Chad have all been forced to grapple with these questions. Finally, in the case of West Africa, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have all sought to rebuild their states and societies after war. The collection of papers in this special thematic section of the Canadian Journal of African Studies addresses the case of Côte d’Ivoire. As with the other post-conflict states across sub-Saharan Africa, President Alassane Ouattara inherited a plethora of challenges when he assumed the presidency in April 2011. Chief among the issues that confronted President Ouattara was the question of legitimacy, a situation common for postwar governments, especially those that came to power through military means. For more than a decade, President Ouattara was locked in a bruising political fight with his predecessor, Laurent Gbagbo. That fight intensified in 2000 when President Gbagbo came to power in a flawed election (in which Ouattara was barred from running). The situation became even more tense after the civil war started in 2002. In the end, the resolution – a word to which I shall return – came after an election in 2010 that Ouattara won but the results of which Gbagbo refused to accept. This led to a violent post-electoral crisis in 2011 in which proGbagbo forces initially repressed pro-Ouattara supporters, ultimately prompting the northern-based rebels, renamed the Forces républicaines de Côte d’Ivoire (FRCI), to advance on Abidjan. With the assistance of the United Nations (UN) and the French, the insurgents unseated Gbagbo and ceded power to Ouattara. This brief summary shows the fraught and complicated nature of the political terrain that confronted Ouattara when he was invested with the authority to run the state. On the","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The progress in establishing the rule of law in Côte d’Ivoire under Ouattara’s presidency","authors":"Maja Bovcon","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.951664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.951664","url":null,"abstract":"Creating an autonomous and efficient judiciary represents an important and necessary step for the consolidation of democracy and the reconciliation of a nation divided by almost two decades of conflict over the contentious issue of Ivoirité. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the progress that has been made in the establishment of the rule of law in Côte d’Ivoire under the current president, Alassane Ouattara, by comparing the period of his presidency to those of his predecessors, Henri Konan Bédié, General Robert Gueï and Laurent Gbagbo. I argue that the judiciary is still struggling to establish its autonomy and that one of its main problems is its lack of impartiality. I examine possible reasons for the courts’ persistent weak accountability performance and discuss possible remedies.","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127970555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the “flesh” of the black soldier in colonial Sierra Leone: background to the gunners' mutiny of 1939","authors":"F. Cole","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.942870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.942870","url":null,"abstract":"Instances of discontent within colonial military establishments in Africa have largely been ignored by historians of colonial Africa. The heavy focus on the incidence of coups in the historiography has helped to obscure the privations suffered by African soldiers in colonial armies. Using the Sierra Leone experience, this study draws on hitherto untapped archival material to examine the complex causes of the “Gunners' Mutiny” of January 1939. While showing that the causes of mutinies could be significantly nuanced, the study helps to bridge a vital gap in Sierra Leone's history.","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter roots: the ends of a Kalahari myth","authors":"R. Hitchcock, M. Biesele","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.943489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.943489","url":null,"abstract":"In 2001, cultural researcher, Paul Wolffram traveled to an isolated Papua New Guinea community, where he lived and worked for over two years among the Lak People. Conceived as an opportunity for the Lak to tell their own stories in their way, Stori Tumbuna takes its structure from traditional mythologies of the region and presents a collaborative account privileging the Lak point of view and ethos. THE HUNTERS by John Marshall 72 min, 1957","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133896255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dams, displacement and the delusion of development: Cahora Bassa and its legacies in Mozambique, 1965–2007","authors":"Norrie Macqueen","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.978160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.978160","url":null,"abstract":"and familiarity with other cultures within Nigeria, and the public launching in 1985 of a conference and museum at Umuahia devoted to the war. More recently, the Justice Charles Oputa’s Panel on Human Rights violations in Nigeria devoted many days to collecting the memories and grievances of war survivors. Those arguing that the government wanted to quickly reintegrate Biafra and the Igbo into Nigeria after the war would point to Igbo elements serving or having served in nearly every elective and nonelective post but the presidency since the end of the war, and that the head of the Science and Technology Ministry often comes from eastern Nigeria, with the goal of further encouraging the entrepreneurship and innovations demonstrated by Biafrans during the war. Maybe the war, like many things Nigerian, has not attracted enough attention – slavery and the discipline of history come to mind – but this is not the same as lack of memory. In all, the book adds to the debate on the Biafran war and Nigeria as an entity. It reveals enduring anguish on the part of those who believed in Biafra as an entity and as an idea. It also shows that more work is required to make Nigeria a nation because there remains a persistent pain and doubt about its existence and worth. Finally, the book displays that no amount of official disinterest will silence those who believe in a renegotiated Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the façade of bringing services closer to people The proclaimed and hidden intentions of the government of Uganda to create many new local government districts","authors":"N. Awortwi, A. Helmsing","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.905260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.905260","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of local government districts has become an enterprise in Uganda, with many stakeholders having diverse opinions about the government's motives. This article examines the questions: What are the proclaimed and hidden or implicit intentions of the government? What evidence is available to provide reasonable interpretation of government action according to a particular rationale? By triangulating primary and secondary data and using a deductive approach, the study concludes that the initial intention of the government to create new districts to bring services and government closer to the people was consistent with the country's constitution and decentralisation policy. However, since 1997, and especially since 2006, other rationales have come to the fore, though not communicated as such in public policy statements. While we do not exclude ethnic rationale, the article finds more evidence that points to political patronage and a variant of gerrymandering (namely, that of splitting up districts while not redrawing boundaries).","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126484528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warlord undone? Strongman politics and post-conflict state-building in Northeastern Côte d'Ivoire (2002–2013)","authors":"Jeremy S. Speight","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.943136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.943136","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role played by strongmen in Côte d'Ivoire's post-conflict reconstruction. While many acknowledge the unhindered or even the enhanced political influence these actors often enjoy as a result of their relationship to the state in post-conflict contexts, existing debates in Côte d'Ivoire, as well as elsewhere, often remain couched in terms of the implications of these kinds of relationships. Does working with rural strongmen tied to former insurgencies enhance the authority of the central state? Or do such alliances wither state institutions capable of providing long-term political order in peripheral areas? This article downplays these questions. Instead, it examines the alliances which form between strongmen and other actors amidst conflicts over local authority during post-conflict reconstruction. It suggests that the specific configuration of these alliances matter in determining the utility of allying with local strongmen during war to peace transitions. This article examines these struggles through the case of Morou Ouattara and the local Forces Nouvelles (FN) administration in Bouna, Northeastern Côte d'Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131001467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African hosts & their guests: cultural dynamics of tourism","authors":"Ute Röschenthaler","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2014.948258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.948258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172027,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies/ La Revue canadienne des études africaines","volume":"1208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120878583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}