Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association最新文献_第8页

Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Integrated Anaerobic/Aerobic Bioreactors Loaded with Immobilized Nanoporous Activated Carbon 负载固定化纳米多孔活性炭的厌氧/好氧一体化生物反应器处理屠宰场废水

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4400

P. Maharaja, M. Mahesh, N. Patchaimurugan, S. Swarnalatha, G. Sekaran

{"title":"Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Integrated Anaerobic/Aerobic Bioreactors Loaded with Immobilized Nanoporous Activated Carbon","authors":"P. Maharaja, M. Mahesh, N. Patchaimurugan, S. Swarnalatha, G. Sekaran","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4400","url":null,"abstract":"Slaughterhouse wastewater consists of moderate to high strength complex wastewater comprising about 45% soluble and 55% coarse suspended organics exhibiting high COD and BOD levels. Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot effectively treat slaughterhouse wastewater. Thus, a four-stage sequential anaerobic/aerobic immobilized bio reactor system comprising a two stage Fluidized Anaerobic immobilized Reactor (FAIR – I and FAIR – II), a Fluidized Immobilized Cell Carbon Oxidation (FICCO) reactor and a Chemo Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) reactor was tested in a slaughterhouse treating wastewater between 3 m3 /day to 17 m3 /day. Nanoporous activated carbon (NPAC) was used for the immobilization of microorganisms in all of the reactors. The NPAC BET surface area was found to be 291 m2/g with the average pore diameter of 28 Å. Spin density (free electrons) in the NPAC, was calculated to be 16 x 1018 spins/g using ESR spectroscopy. The overall NH3-N, TKN, COD and BOD removal efficiency was 64%, 71%, 82% and 85% respectively. Multivariate analysis (PCA and cluster analysis) found that the COD removal by the FICCO and CAACO reactors is more efficient than the FAIR reactors. The treatment was confirmed through UV-visible and UV-fluorescence spectroscopic analysis.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88703057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal-Free Combination Tanning with Replenishable Polyphenols and Marine Oil 无金属组合鞣制与补充多酚和海洋油

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4398

V. Sundar, C. Muralidharan

{"title":"Metal-Free Combination Tanning with Replenishable Polyphenols and Marine Oil","authors":"V. Sundar, C. Muralidharan","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4398","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the resurgence of natural products in the global manufacturing industry, the leather industry is also relooking the increased use of organic materials. To exploit the benefits of the vegetable tanning materials and to couple with suitable organic material for overcoming the inherent shortcomings of vegetable tanning materials, studies were undertaken. Tanning materials like raw fish oil have advantageous properties to impart on leather such as softness, lightweight, and washability characteristics. Hence studies were undertaken on polyphenol-fish oil combination tannages. \u0000The quantities of wattle and fish oil and process conditions were standardized. The study indicated that the oxidation of fish oil could take place in the presence of vegetable tannins. The leathers tanned by this combination tanning system could be converted into garment leathers of rich shades and possessed good strength and physical properties. Propelled by encouraging results, investigations were also made on the nature of interaction between vegetable tannins and fish oil with collagen. It was also observed that the vegetable tannins probably do not hinder the oxidation of oil. To sum up, the study leads to the development of a viable, versatile organic tanning system to gain eco-acceptability for the leather manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82691388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil 过氧化苯甲酰催化亚麻籽油快速制革的研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4335

B. Sahu, J. Alla, G. Jayakumar

引用次数: 1

Hydrogen Peroxide-oxidized Soybean Polysaccharides as Novel Masking Agents for Zirconium Tanning 过氧化氢氧化大豆多糖作为新型锆鞣掩蔽剂的研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4337

Haolin Zhu, Fang-Fang Wang, K. Tang, Jie Liu, Xuejing Zheng, S. Qin

{"title":"Hydrogen Peroxide-oxidized Soybean Polysaccharides as Novel Masking Agents for Zirconium Tanning","authors":"Haolin Zhu, Fang-Fang Wang, K. Tang, Jie Liu, Xuejing Zheng, S. Qin","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4337","url":null,"abstract":"A series of hydrogen peroxide-oxidized soybean polysaccharides (HPS) were prepared using H2O2 and copper catalyst, which were then used as novel masking agents for zirconium tanning. The HPS samples were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FT-IR suggested the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups after hydrogen peroxide oxidation. DLS indicated that the HPS particle size decreases with increasing the H2O2 dosage. HPS with carbonyl and carboxyl groups and medium particle size was able to coordinate with zirconium to remarkably facilitate the tanning process. The shrinkage temperature of the tanned leather reached 92oC. Meanwhile, the fullness, softness, and mechanical properties of the leather were greatly improved by the tanning. The function of HPS and its interaction with zirconium were studied by FT-IR, XRD, and it was found that the triple helical structures of collagen fiber were not changed greatly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that collagen fibers were dispersed and tanning agents were evenly distributed in collagen fibers. A new strategy for chromefree tanning is suggested and a strong support for the application of zirconium tanning is provided.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76444913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biocolorant for Leather Dyeing Applications: An Eco-benign Evaluation of Natural Coloring Agent 皮革染色用生物着色剂:天然着色剂的生态评价

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4397

C. Kurinjimalar, G. Jayakumar, A. Selvi, R. Venba, Malathy Jawhar, S. Kanth

{"title":"Biocolorant for Leather Dyeing Applications: An Eco-benign Evaluation of Natural Coloring Agent","authors":"C. Kurinjimalar, G. Jayakumar, A. Selvi, R. Venba, Malathy Jawhar, S. Kanth","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4397","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of biocolorant in leather industry is explored widely owing to its environmental limitation. Besides, employing synthetic dyes in leather process requires high end of pipe treatment due to their complex chemical structure. Therefore, an attempt has been made on exploiting madder root dye (Rubia cordifolia L.) for leather dyeing application. The effect of varying pretreatment regimen on madder colorant extraction, chemical characterizations (including UV-Vis, IR, particle size, zeta potential value, and thermal studies) and optimum operating leather dyeing conditions are studied. The results revealed dissolving medium pH 5, 100oC, and 60 min duration of extraction is optimum. Thus, obtained dye characteristics showed maximum absorption peak at 460 nm, with an average particle size of 166 nm. It also shows a negative zeta potential value of -5.31 which is indicative for dyeing application. The optimum leather dyeing is found at leather pH 5.5, 10% dye concentration and 4 h duration. At optimum dyeing parameters it shows good fastness, perspiration, organoleptic properties without affecting the physical characteristic. Novelty of the present research would lead to develop eco-dyeing method in leather manufacture. Moreover, the study unravels a new application of eco-benign dye to achieve sustainable process. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75994013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Comprehensive Understanding on Sewability of Natural Biomaterial: An Insight on Process Optimization during Leather Manufacture 对天然生物材料缝性的全面理解:对皮革制造过程优化的洞察

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4334

G. Jayakumar, K. P. Aaron, K. Krishnaraj

引用次数: 0

Preparation and Properties of Thermally Expandable Microspheres for Foam Coating 泡沫涂料用热膨胀微球的制备及性能研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4336

Guodong Huang, Zhi-Ru Lin, H. Fan, Jun Xiang, C. Zheng, Luo Zhiqing

引用次数: 0

Study on the Dry-Cleaning Process of Mink Fur Based on Subcritical Solvent 基于亚临界溶剂的水貂毛皮干洗工艺研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4399

Yingxuan Wang, Qiaoping Xia, Qiang Liu, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang

引用次数: 1

Polyurethane Electrospun Fiber Biomimetics Membrane for Constructing the Structure of Grain Layer with Good Breathability for Cattle Split Leather 构建透气性好的牛皮颗粒层结构的聚氨酯静电纺纤维仿生膜

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4358

Nan Chen, Yanchun Li, Jianbo Qu, Jianyong Wang

{"title":"Polyurethane Electrospun Fiber Biomimetics Membrane for Constructing the Structure of Grain Layer with Good Breathability for Cattle Split Leather","authors":"Nan Chen, Yanchun Li, Jianbo Qu, Jianyong Wang","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4358","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional thick coating on split leather does not have the ability to breathe like full grain leather. The air and water vapor permeabilities of full grain leather are well known properties due to its fiber woven structure. Simulating the fiber morphology and weaving structure of the dermis or grain layer is very important to construct a top surface layer for split leather. In this paper, a PU (polyurethane) foam layer is put first on the split to enhance the adhesion of a second application of a superfine fibrous PU resin. This foam uses well-known waterborne polyurethane foaming technology. This dried foam has good breathability because of high porosity. A superfine fiber membrane is next put atop of the foam layer by using an electro-spun polyurethane resin. This second resin imitates collagen fibers in the network structure of the leathers’ grain layer. Thus, this resultant electrospun fiber biomimetics membrane simulated the grain layer of natural leather. SEM showed the morphology and structure of this electrospun fiber biomimetic membrane to be like that of the grain layer of natural leather. The porosity and apparent density were basically the same as the grain of leather, which were 63.65% and 583.878 kg/m3 respectively. The air and water vapor permeability of the biomimetics membrane were also as high as 2250 mL·cm-2·h-1 and 8753.02 μg·cm-2·h-1 respectively. Therefore, the biomimetics membrane largely restored the ability to breathe of split leather. Thus, this method simulates the performance and structure of full grain leather and is a novel method for industrial production","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85670468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Resins for Leather Finishing 顶空-固相微萃取法分析皮革整理用聚氨酯树脂中挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物的研究

IF 0.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4362

A. Flores, S. Sorolla, C. Casas, R. Cuadros, Anna Bacardit

{"title":"Development of a Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Resins for Leather Finishing","authors":"A. Flores, S. Sorolla, C. Casas, R. Cuadros, Anna Bacardit","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i8.4362","url":null,"abstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) arise from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of the tanning industry is to minimize or eliminate VOCs and SVOCs, without lowering the quality of leather. \u0000This paper shows the development of a new headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) method for the identification of VOCs and SVOCs emitted by newly designed polymers for the leather finishing operation. These new polymers are polyurethane resins designed to reduce the VOC and SVOC concentration. This method enables a simple and fast determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of VOCs and SVOCs in polyurethane-type finishing resins. The chemicals that are of concern in this paper are the following: Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl Ether (DPGME), DBE-3 (a mixture of dibasic esters) and Triethylamine (TEA). The test conditions that have been determined to carry out the HS-SPME assay are the following: incubation time (2 hours), extraction temperature and time (40°C; 5 minutes) and the desorption conditions (280°C, 50 seconds). \u0000Ten samples of laboratory scale resins were tested by HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). DPGME and DBE-3 (a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate) have been identified effectively. The compounds are identified by a quantitative method using external calibration curves for the target compounds. The technique is not effective to determine the TEA compound, since the chromatograms shown poor resolution peaks for the standard. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73568988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0