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Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association最新文献

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Chemically Modified Castor Oil for Softening of Leather– A Novel Approach 化学改性蓖麻油软化皮革的新方法
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4283
B. Sahu, M. Sathish, G. Jayakumar
{"title":"Chemically Modified Castor Oil for Softening of Leather– A Novel Approach","authors":"B. Sahu, M. Sathish, G. Jayakumar","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4283","url":null,"abstract":"Fatliquoring is an important step of post tanning process of leathermanufacturing where incorporation of self-emulsified oil (lubricant)makes the leather soft. There are several methods which introducepolarity into oil and provide the path where reactive species ofmodified oil can interact with water which leads to form a fatliquor.The aim of this work is to introduce an extra polarity into the fattyacid moiety through chemical modification of castor oil by carbeneintermediate. The spectroscopic characterisation such as FTIR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR of fatliquor have been carried out. Particle size analysis of fatliquor has also been done. The experimental leathers have been tested for physical strength characterisation such as tensile and tear strength verses control and found to have better properties than control. SEM analysis for morphological study of experimental leather were also carried out which clearly indicates the uniform dispersion of fiber bundles due to the fine distribution of the novel and self-emulsifying fatliquor throughout the matrix.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83010664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hide Defects of Feedlot Cattle: Assessment of Cattle Management, Breed Type, Sex, Live Market Weight, and Source Factors on Hide Quality 饲养场牛皮缺陷:牛管理、品种类型、性别、活市重及源因素对皮质量的影响
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4284
W. T. Wright, C. Richardson, M. Bonds, G. Pollard, P. O. Sudharkaran, A. M. Gonzalez, S. Martínez
{"title":"Hide Defects of Feedlot Cattle: Assessment of Cattle Management, Breed Type, Sex, Live Market Weight, and Source Factors on Hide Quality","authors":"W. T. Wright, C. Richardson, M. Bonds, G. Pollard, P. O. Sudharkaran, A. M. Gonzalez, S. Martínez","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4284","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty groups of finished feedlot cattle (thirteen steer groups, seven heifer groups) of known origin, breed type, sex and implant status were studied after marketing to determine the type and extent of hide defects as related to days on feed, live market weight, and hot carcass weight. Origin of cattle did not significantly influence the five hide characteristics evaluated (hide defects score, hide vein score, healed scratches, ringworm, and warts). Live weight and sex influenced the weight of the hides (P < 0.05), with steers being heavier and having heavier hides. Days on feed increased (P = 0.06) the amount of vein damage observed on the hides but was not sex related. Results from this study indicate that under typical commercial cattle feeding practices in Texas, hide defects differ among cattle under the same management and are related to the days on feed in the feedlot, which influences final market weight and degree of finish.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Evaluation of Dye Fixatives – A Comparative Study 染料固定剂的评价——比较研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4285
V. Sundar, C. Muralidharan
{"title":"Evaluation of Dye Fixatives – A Comparative Study","authors":"V. Sundar, C. Muralidharan","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i4.4285","url":null,"abstract":"Dyeing is the important unit process in leather manufacturing, which adds value to the leather. Although formic acid is used for fixing of dyes in leather processing, difficulties do arise in fixation of certain dye stuffs. Further high quantities of formic acid used do create health issues and adds to high cost of production. Compounds such as formic acid, acetic acid, mixture of organic acids and quaternary ammonium compounds have been found to function as dye fixatives. The efficacy of these compounds to function as dye fixatives for various dye stuffs and substances either alone or along with formic acid has been studied in detail in this work. The physical and color characteristics of leather and spent liquor analysis have been carried out.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual Functional Replacement Syntans for Leather 皮革双功能替代合成纤维
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248
J. Alla, Nishad Fathima Nishter, J. Rao
{"title":"Dual Functional Replacement Syntans for Leather","authors":"J. Alla, Nishad Fathima Nishter, J. Rao","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study we have synthesised thermoresponsive syntan using phase changing material (PCM) encapsulated into a replacement syntan. Syntan was analysed for their particle size, thermal response was verified using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface morphology was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These syntans were applied to leathers for making leather thermoresponsive. The thermal comfort range achieved on leathers prepared using the experimental syntan was about 2.5℃, compared to control of about 0.5℃ with an error of ±0.5℃. The physical and strength properties of experimental leathers were superior compared to control.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72477356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Alternative Tanning Agent for Leather Industry from a Sustainable Source 可持续来源的皮革工业鞣剂替代品
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249
Cigdem Ozkan, H. Ozgunay
{"title":"Alternative Tanning Agent for Leather Industry from a Sustainable Source","authors":"Cigdem Ozkan, H. Ozgunay","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249","url":null,"abstract":"Dialdehyde starches with different aldehyde content from native corn starch were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation to be used as a tanning agent in leather making. For this purpose, native corn starch was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate in different molar ratios. After oxidation processes, the yields, solubility in water and aldehyde contents of the obtained dialdehyde starches were determined as well as structure characterizations by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Evaluating the gel permeation chromatography data, the dialdehyde starch samples which were thought to be in appropriate molecular weight/size to penetrate into skin fibers were selected to be used in the tanning process. Their tanning abilities were evaluated by investigating hydrothermal stabilities, filling and fiber isolation characteristics and physical properties determined by mechanical tests and organoleptically. From the evaluation of the results, it was revealed that sodium metaperiodate oxidized starches which have appropriate molecular weight and adequate aldehyde content has a remarkable tanning effect and can be utilized as a tanning agent with the advantages of not necessitating pickling process which means saving time and simplifying the production but more importantly offering an important advantage from an environmental point of view.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"463 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83003063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tanning with Aluminum-Gallic Acid Complex 用铝-没食子酸配合物制革
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250
Han-Wei Su, Guoying Li
{"title":"Tanning with Aluminum-Gallic Acid Complex","authors":"Han-Wei Su, Guoying Li","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250","url":null,"abstract":"To figure out how polyphenol compounds with a low molecular weight helped in aluminum tannage, a complex of gallic acid and aluminum as well as its application to the tanning of hide powder was studied in this paper. Precipitation points of aluminum chloride solution with different concentrations of gallic acid were measured to guide the basification in hide powder tannage. UV-Visible spectra showed that gallic acid and aluminum would form soluble complexes in aqueous solution and the complexation reaction was pH reliable. Through stoichiometry studies, generations of the 1:2 complex under pH 4.0 and 2:3 complex under pH 4.5 were discovered. Results of stoichiometry studies and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed that aluminum-gallic acid complex played the role of links which connected collagen molecules rather than gallic acid or aluminum forming individual bridges with collagen. According to the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravity analysis (TGA), denaturation temperature (Td) of hide powder tanned with different methods, such as aluminum, gallic acid-aluminum combination or aluminum-gallic acid complex, was 76.1°, 82.8° and 85.5°C respectively, and the initial decomposition temperature for the aluminum-gallic acid complex tannage was 300.7°C, also higher than those for another two methods. Furthermore, the results of inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) showed that after washing for 12 h, the Al2O3 content in hide powder tanned with complex could be maintained at 93.42% of that in unwashed samples, which was the highest among three tanning methods.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79437477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Thermal Characterization and Pyrolysis of Waste Leather Treated with CoCl₂ And MnC₂ 用CoCl₂和MnC₂处理废皮革的热特性和热解
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235
E. Bañón, A. Torró, A. N. García, M. León, A. Marcilla
{"title":"Thermal Characterization and Pyrolysis of Waste Leather Treated with CoCl₂ And MnC₂","authors":"E. Bañón, A. Torró, A. N. García, M. León, A. Marcilla","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235","url":null,"abstract":"Leather tanned with different agents was pyrolyzed in the presence of CoCl2 and MnCl2 catalysts.  A bovine leather sample tanned with two inorganic tanning agents (chromium and titanium salts) and two organic tanning agents (glutaraldehyde and methylacrylic resin) has been used in this study. The samples were soaked in solutions of CoCl2 or MnCl2 of known concentration. The influence on decomposition temperature and the resultant pyrolysis compounds has been evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and flash pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). A multivariate analysis has been applied to the pyrolysis products obtained confirming the effect of the catalyst treatment on leather, ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87569010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the Degreasing of Sheep Skin Using Subcritical Fluid Extraction 亚临界流体萃取法对绵羊皮肤脱脂的研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234
Qiaoping Xia, Meina Zhang, Bo Mao, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang
{"title":"Study on the Degreasing of Sheep Skin Using Subcritical Fluid Extraction","authors":"Qiaoping Xia, Meina Zhang, Bo Mao, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234","url":null,"abstract":"Degreasing is one of the important processes for the production of leather and fur. This study aimed to develop a degreasing method using subcritical n-pentane. Sheep skin was chosen as raw skin for this investigation. The best possible combination of degreasing parameters was found using single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The effects of temperature and pressure on the degreasing efficiency were evaluated further with histological analysis. The results showed that the optimum degreasing parameters were a degreasing time of 58 min, pressure of 0.45 MPa, temperature of 41.0°C and thus yielded a degreasing rate of 52.46％ theoretically and 51.46% experimentally. Histological sections showed that the degreasing effect of subcritical n-pentane was quite significant and the lipid droplets around the hair follicles were dramatically reduced. It has been proven that subcritical n-pentane degreasing is an effective technique for sheep skin degreasing.  ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86977633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Approaches Towards Tannery Modernization and Up-Gradation: Leather Industry 4.0 制革厂现代化和升级的途径:皮革工业4.0
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237
V. Sivakumar
{"title":"Approaches Towards Tannery Modernization and Up-Gradation: Leather Industry 4.0","authors":"V. Sivakumar","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of various approaches for tannery modernization and up-gradation as leather industry 4.0 need to be analyzed keeping in view of significant advancements made in different disciplines of relevance to leather sector. Holistic views and plans for cleaner image with better environmental aspects are essential for the sustainable growth of the leather sector. in this paper, various plans and strategies for the next phase of tannery modernization denoted as TAN MOD 4.0 have been presented with the main objectives of near zero discharge of chemicals, waste minimization, value addition, productivity enhancement and safe & healthy environment in tannery. Different components such as basic up-gradation concepts, modern leather processing techniques and engineering inputs for leather sector such as process control systems, necessary automation tools and Internet of Things (IoT) are discussed.  ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87851293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Biodegradability Study of Footwear Soling Materials in Simulated Compost Environment 鞋底材料在模拟堆肥环境中的生物降解性研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236
M. Mukherjee, T. Loganathan, S. Mandal, G. Saraswathy
{"title":"Biodegradability Study of Footwear Soling Materials in Simulated Compost Environment","authors":"M. Mukherjee, T. Loganathan, S. Mandal, G. Saraswathy","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the present study is to investigate the biodegradability and decomposing properties of footwear soling materials by standard biodegradability test method. Biodegradability tests were performed by aerobic exposure of the selected six soling materials to the soil matrix and measuring the degradation and decomposition occurred with time. All soling materials were characterized for physical and physicochemical properties such as weight loss, hardness, density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, thermal and morphological properties before and after exposing to the simulated compost environment.  In the present study, the end-of-life nature of footwear soling materials currently used by the footwear industries are explored, which will further emphasize the importance of development and use of biodegradable materials in the footwear manufacturing. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90774294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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