Geographical Science Research最新文献

{"title":"新疆S315线蜂场-尼勒克段沿线道路病害特征及成因 Analysis of Disaster Characteristics and Cause along Fengchang-Nilka Section of S315 Highway in Xinjiang","authors":"李伟, 魏学利, 李宾, 李治财, 陈发明","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.63016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.63016","url":null,"abstract":"新疆S315线蜂场至尼勒克段地处新疆尼勒克县境内，沿线新构造运动活跃，断裂构造发育，地震活动频繁，导致滑坡、崩坍、积雪、冻土等灾害频频发生，严重威胁和破坏交通。本文在实地调查的基础上，分析了研究区病害发育现状、分布规律、成因。研究发现，沿线病害可归纳为不良地质和特殊岩土问题，主要分布在k88+967-k130+100段处，其中发育滑坡1处，碎落、坍塌23处，雪害7处，冻土21处，湿陷性黄土20处。特殊地层结构和复杂的地形地貌为各类病害的孕育提供了基础条件，而频发的地震和独特气象条件耦合加速各类病害的形成和发展。研究成果可为区域公路工程建设和防灾提供基础信息和技术指导。 The Fengchang-Nilka of S315 is located in Nilka County in Xinjiang. Strong earthquake area, land-slide, collapse, snow, permafrost, etc, develop expansively along the line and cause tremendous disasters to highway construction, because of the active new tectonic movement, fault tectonic development, frequent seismic activity. Based on the field investigations, this paper analyzes the present situation, distribution and causes of disease development in the study area. Research re-sults are as follows: along the diseases can be summarized as bad geological and special geotech-nical problems, mainly distributed in the k88+967-k130+100 section, of which there are one landslide, 23 in collapse, 7 in snow damage, 21 in frozen and 20 in collapsible loess. Special strata structures and complex landform provide the basic conditions for all kinds of diseases, and the coupling of frequent earthquakes and unique climates accelerate the formation and development of all diseases. The research results can provide basic information and technical guidance for the regional road engineering construction and disaster prevention.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117044254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Different Aspects to Vegetation Characteristics and Composition in Stipa krylovii Steppe in Gacha Area—A Case of Alatantaogaotu Gacha, Abaga County","authors":"高 苏日固嘎","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62007","url":null,"abstract":"克氏针茅草原是旱生禾草草本群落，其旱生适应性强，在温带半干旱大陆性气候的锡林郭勒盟有广泛分布。坡向是重要地形因子之一，对克氏针茅草原植被特征和构成的影响较显著。本文选取阿巴嘎旗北部那仁宝拉格苏木阿拉坦陶高图嘎查坡向与对应植物为研究对象，基于数字高程模型(DEM)提取了研究区地形的坡向和实地调研样地数据，分析了二者的相关关系。结果表明：坡向的影响较明显，种的平均盖度为阴坡 > 半阴坡 > 半阳坡 > 阳坡，而相同坡向之间差异不明显，种的平均高度为阳坡 >半阳坡 > 半阴坡 > 阴坡，而相同坡向之间差异不明显。其优势种在阴坡上以禾本科的羊草、克氏针茅、碱茅、糙隠子草，莎草科的寸苔草，豆科的小叶锦鸡儿为主，半阴坡由禾本科的克氏针茅、羊草、冰草，莎草科寸苔草和菊科冷蒿构成，阳坡主要由禾本科的克氏针茅、羊草、糙隠子草、冰草，旋花科的阿氏旋花，藜科木地肤构成，而半阳坡则由禾本科的克氏针茅、羊草、芨芨草、糙隠子草，旋花科的阿氏旋花和菊科丝裂蒿构成。总之，克氏针茅草原不同坡向对草地群落植物种构成起着重要作用。 Stipa krylovii steppe is a herbaceous community of xerophytic grasslands, and its xerophytic adaptability is strong, and it is widely distributed in Xilingol League, whose climate is temperate semi-arid continental. Aspect orientation is one of the important topographic factors, and the in-fluence of the characteristics and composition of Stipa Kirschner vegetation is remarkable. This paper selects aspect and corresponding plant of Naranbaolag village, Altantaogaotu Gacha of the north of Abagaqa county as the research objects, and extracts the terrain direction and field data of the research area based on the digital elevation model (DEM), and analyzes the correlation between them. The results show that the effect of the aspect is obvious, the average coverage degree of species is shady slope > semi-shady slope > semi-sunny slope > sunny slope, and the difference of the same aspect is not obvious; the average height of the species is sunny slope > semi-sunny > semi-shady > shady slope, and the difference of the same aspect is not obvious. Among them, the dominant species of the species in shady slope are the grasses of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia tenu-iflora, Ranunculaceae, Cyperaceae, and Caragana microphylla, semi-shady slope for Gramineae Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, Agropyron cristatum, Cyperaceae carex and Composite constitute Artemisia; the sunny slope is mainly composed of Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis, Phalaris arundi-nacea, Agropyron cristatum, Convolvulaceae, Liliaceae and Chenopodiaceae, and the semi-sunny slope for Gramineae Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, Achnatherum splendens, Phalaris spp, Convol-vulaceae and Asteraceae Compositae, In conclusion, the aspect of Stipa krylovii steppe plays an im-portant role in plant community composition.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126907849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of Carrying Capacity for Stockbreeding Population in Pastoral Areas in Xilingol League—Taking Two Gacha (Villages) as Examples","authors":"乌音嘎, 呼格吉勒图, 海山","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62009","url":null,"abstract":"近年来，内蒙古牧区受牧业人口增多的影响，人均草场面积不断减小。加之“草畜双承包”以及“以草定畜、草畜平衡”政策的实施，牧户所饲养的牲畜头数受各家各户草场面积控制，使部分草场面积小的牧户因不能饲养较多牲畜而陷入贫困，严重影响了牧区全面建成小康社会的进程。本文以“人地关系”理论为基础，依照“以草定畜，以畜定人”的思路，根据小康标准的人均收入、饲养每只羊单位家畜的纯收入、饲养每只羊单位需要的草地面积即载畜能力，推算出以小康生活为标准的人均所需草地面积，继而推算出小康生活水平基准的牧区可容纳最大牧业人口数量，即牧区牧业人口承载量。测算结果显示，锡林郭勒盟南部牧区B嘎查要想使牧业人口达到小康水平，只能承载70人，即B嘎查牧业人口承载量为70人。目前，B嘎查牧业人口为398；超载率469%，人口超载严重。B嘎查通过采取整合草场、合作经营、转移剩余牧业人口等措施，有望使牧民生活达到小康生活水平。北部A嘎查牧业人口承载量为255人，超载率29.4%，与实际人口330相差不多，也就是说北部草场基本可满足小康标准需求。发展家庭牧场、合作经营草场资源等方式均可使A嘎查的草场得到可持续利用。希望本研究为内蒙古牧区“精准扶贫”、“因户施策”、“全面建成小康社会”提供科学依据。 The pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia have been influenced by the increasing population these years, causing a decrease in grassland area of per capita. Due to the policies, Grassland Area-Livestock Double Contract and Balancing Livestock with Grassland, the number of livestock is limited by the fixed grassland area, which makes some herdsmen poverty and affects the process of building a well-off society in pastoral areas. Based on the theory of “Man-Land Relationship”, the policy of “Assessment of livestock balance” and “Match the livestock available with the herdsmen demand”, the per captia income of a well-off standard, net income of breeding per sheep and the bearing capacity of the livestock—the grassland area needed by breeding per sheep, this paper has first calculated the grassland area needed to per person according to the standard of well-off life, sequentially the largest population accommodated in pastoral areas based on a well-off social level standard, which can be the interpretation of the herdsmen population carrying capacity in pastoral area. Those calculated above are. The calculation results show that: if herdmen in B Gacha of pastoral areas of southern Xilingol league want to achieve a well-off level, there can only be 70 people (namely population carrying capacity of herdsmen in B Gacha is 70 people). At present, the herdsmen population of B gacha is 398, its overload rate is 469%, which means population overload is serious. Through integrating grassland, co-operating, and transferring surplus herdsmen population and taking other measures, it is expected to make herdsmen achieve a well-off living standard. A gacha is located in northern Xilingol lengue, its herdsmen population carrying capacity is 255 people and overloaded rate is 29.4%, and it is almost the same with its actual population of 330, which means the northern grassland almost meet the needs of well-off standards. Developing household ranch and using co-operative management of pasture resources etc. can make grassland in A gacha sustainable. It is hoped that this study will provide scientific basis for “precision poverty alleviation”, “according to each household implementation policy” and “comprehensively build a well-off society” in Inner Mongolia pastoral area.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129199967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"青藏高原地区不同年份气候变化研究综述 The Review of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region’s Climate Change in Different Years","authors":"李静, 王潇, 唐锦森, 秦淼, 张波","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62006","url":null,"abstract":"本文通过介绍众多研究者对青藏高原地区多年气候变化的研究成果，归纳出了该地区从末次间冰期(125~75 ka BP)到2014年来的气候变化趋势和气候突变状况。通过分析尹云鹤等对青藏高原地区的气候变化的预测模型，总结出了该地区未来几十年内气候变化的趋势。分析表明：从末次间冰期(125~75 ka BP)到2014年来，青藏高原气候变化的总体趋势是气温升高且区域性特征增强。在末次间冰期，青藏高原气候变化剧烈，降温迅速且升温缓慢；到了近代，气温有加速上升的趋势，降水量波动变化较小，降水增加主要体现在春季和冬季。根据SRES A1B、A2、B2等不同情景预测的结果表明青藏高原地区在21世纪向湿暖方向发展，降水量增加并在21世纪中期达到最大值。 This article summarizes the climate change trend and mutative climate status of Qinghai-Tibet plateau from the last interglacial period (125-75 ka BP) to 2014 by studying the long-time research results of climate change of Qinghai-Tibet plateau from many researchers. And the trend of climate change in this region in the next few decades is summarized through the Yin Yunhe’s climate change prediction models on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The results showed that: from the last interglacial period (125-75 ka BP) to 2014, the overall trend of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau climate’s change was rising and its regional feature was strengthening; climate changed drastically during the last interglacial period on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and the temperature decreased rapidly but increased slowly; in modern times, temperature had a tendency to accelerate, precipitation fluctuation changed little and it increased mainly in the spring and winter. According to the prediction results of different scenarios such as SRES A1B, A2, B2, it suggests that the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the 21st century will develop in the direction of wet and warm, and precipitation will increase and peak in the middle of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124160526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study and Analysis on the Environment Pollution Situation of Panjiang Community in Panxi Town of Yuxi City","authors":"金 锐云","doi":"10.12677/gser.2017.62013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/gser.2017.62013","url":null,"abstract":"本文主要运用文献研究法、实地调查法、定性与定量分析方法，对玉溪市盘溪镇盘江社区环境污染状况进行调查与分析。结果显示盘江社区目前环境污染严重，存在农药化肥污染、农用地膜污染、畜禽排泄物污染和生活废弃物污染等污染类型。这些污染类型的加剧并最终演变成环境问题与地方官员环保观念不深和村民环保道德意识薄弱、城乡二元社会结构和政府管理体系欠缺、该村经济发展滞后和村民生产生活方式不合理等有关。各类污染加剧带来的环境问题给村民的生产和生活带来了很多不利影响。盘江社区三个居住区域由于地理位置不同，所受的污染程度有所不同，但整体环境质量差，村民普遍环保意识不强，改善该村环境污染问题刻不容缓。最后，本文根据以上分析结论，从环保意识、社区机制、政府政策等层面，对改善该村环境污染问题提出了一些对策和建议。 This paper mainly uses the literature research method, field investigation method, qualitative and quantitative analysis method to investigate and analyze the environmental pollution situation of Panjiang community in Panxi Town, Yuxi City. It is concluded that the environmental pollution of Panjiang community is serious, and the pollution types include pesticide and fertilizer pollution, agricultural plastic film pollution, livestock excreta pollution and living waste pollution. The in-tensification of these types of pollution eventually evolved into environmental issues that may be related to local officials and villagers who are lack of enough environmental awareness, the urban and rural dual social structure, imperfect government management, the undeveloped village eco-nomic, unreasonable production and lifestyle and so on. The environmental problems caused by various kinds of pollution have brought a lot of adverse effects to the production and life of the villagers. Due to different geographical locations, the three residential areas of Panjiang community suffered different degree of pollution, but the overall environmental quality is poor, the villagers’ sense of environmental protection is not strong, and it’s necessary to improve the village environmental pollution problems without delay. Finally, based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the environmental pollution of the village from the aspects of environmental awareness, community mechanism, government policy and so on.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114032839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"贵阳市社区公园建设策略初探 Discussion on the Strategy of Community Park Construction in Guiyang","authors":"龙皎, 陈振声, 周静, 张友元, 王艺蓉","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62010","url":null,"abstract":"随着人们对居住环境要求的提高，传统意义上的社区公园建设已经不能满足城市发展和居民的需求，本文根据社区公园的概念、建设特点并结合贵阳市的生态建设对社区公园建设策略进行了分析探讨，以期对社区公园的建设打下基础。 With the improvement of people’s requirements to living environment, the traditional community park construction has been unable to meet the needs of residents and city development. According to the concept of ecological construction and community park construction combined with the characteristics of Guiyang city, the construction strategy of community parks was analyzed in order to lay the foundation for the construction of community parks.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114564562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Type Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Group Occurring Washout Disaster along G314 Road in 2015","authors":"魏 学利","doi":"10.12677/gser.2017.62011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/gser.2017.62011","url":null,"abstract":"2015年7月30日至8月8日，新疆G314奥布段发生群发性水毁灾害，致使公路多处阻断且严重毁损。公路水毁灾害具有类型多、群发性、规模大、破坏力强等特点，主要类型包括路基冲毁破坏、泥石流掩埋破坏、挡墙冲毁破坏、桥涵冲毁破坏、防护工程损坏等。持续高温下冰川融水和局地短历时强降雨径流的叠加，促使盖孜河及支流暴发群发性洪水泥石流，公路设计欠合理和施工不恰当导致公路发生水毁灾害。研究成果可为公路设计养护和管理部门提供参考，为公路水毁防治提供指导。 Massive waste washout disasters occurred in the Aobu section of highway G314 in Xinjiang, which led to severe traffic jam and serious road damage during 30th July to 8th August in 2015.The types of washout disasters includes the subgrade water logging, buried damage from debris flow and destruction of the bridge, retaining wall and protection engineering, etc., accompanied with the features of various types, group-occuring, large scale, and strong destructive power, and so on. The glacier melt-water with continuous high temperature and the local heavy rainfall with short duration together promote the occurrence of floods and debris flows along the Gaizi River and its tributaries. More important, due to unreasonable designing and inappropriate construction of the highway, the washout disasters along the highway have happened and caused heavy damage. The research results can provide reference for highway design maintenance and management, and provide the guidance for highway washout prevention.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130035579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"昭通大山包观鸟旅游现状分析及对策 The Present Situation and Countermeasures of Birdwatching Tourism in Zhaotong Dashanbao","authors":"马欠, 徐丽琼","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62012","url":null,"abstract":"随着大山包旅的发展，大山包的经济得到迅速的提高，但是大山包也面临着一些生态环境问题。本文通过对大山包的自然资源的分析，并根据大山包发展观鸟旅游所面临的问题，对大山包观鸟旅游的发展提出了一些建议和对策。 With the development of tourism in Dashanbao, its economy increases rapidly, but some ecological environment problems also exist in Dashanbao. According to the present problems in Dashanbao birdwatching tourism, this paper analyzes the natural resources of Dashanbao and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the birdwatching tourism in Dashanbao.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115353160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"大洋河流域河口湿地生态环境评价三维系统的设计与实现 Design and Implementation of Three-Dimensional System for Estuarine Wetland Ecological Environment Assessment in Dayang River Basin","authors":"卫宝泉, 武艺","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62008","url":null,"abstract":"以Skyline为三维GIS平台，借助SuperMap、3DMAX等软件，在C#环境中开发了大洋河流域河口生态环境评价三维可视化系统。该系统实现了对流域河口区的基础地理信息数据、遥感数据、外业调查数据及文本资料数据的整合管理，建立了大洋河流域河口的三维场景。并基于河口湿地景观格局指数、生境质量指数，河口区环境要素反演方法，从流域陆源风险、河口湿地生态健康、河口流域生态安全三个方面对大洋河流域河口的生态环境评价方法和模型集成进行了分析，并对成果进行二三维一体化展现。 Three-dimensional visualization system of estuarine eco-environment system evaluation in Dayang River Basin was developed in the C# environment with Skyline as the 3D GIS platform and SuperMap and 3DMAX softwares. The system realizes the integrated management of basic geo-graphic information data, remote sensing data, field investigation data and text data of the water-shed estuary area, and establishes the 3D scene of estuaries in the Dayang River Basin. Based on the estuarine wetland landscape pattern index, habitat quality index and estuarine environmental factors inversion method, the eco-environmental evaluation methods and model integration of Dayang River Basin were analyzed from three aspects: land-basin risk, the ecological health of es-tuary wetland and the ecological security of estuarine watershed. Finally, the system displays the results in 2D and 3D platform.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"67 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128356815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"锡林郭勒盟不同草场利用方式下的生态经济效益—以镶黄旗敖包音高勒嘎查为例 Different Using Patterns of Grassland Utilization and Its Ecological and Economic Effect of Xilingol League—A Case Study of AoBaoYingaole, Xianghuangqi","authors":"姹苏, 海山","doi":"10.12677/GSER.2017.62014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/GSER.2017.62014","url":null,"abstract":"内蒙古锡林郭勒盟是我国重要牧业地区，属干旱、半干旱典型草原地区。早在1956年，内蒙古自治区提出了定居移场放牧的要求，到上世纪80年代初开始实行草畜双承包制度，具体分为三步实施：1982~1989年开始实行草畜双承包，把草场所有权划归嘎查所有；1989~1995年，采取到户、到联户、到浩特三种承包形式，进一步完善草场承包责任制；1996~1998年，根据《内蒙古自治区进一步落实完善草原“双权一制”的规定》，进一步落实了草场所有权、使用权和承包责任制，把草场使用权彻底承包到户。1983年国家实行草场承包制以后，直至1992年牧区一直实行着家庭联户经营方式。这种以照搬农区模式的分地到户、单户经营的模式，在干旱、半干旱，且降水不稳定，变率大的地区，通过30年的时间，证实了其并不适用于气候多变、地理环境脆弱且严峻的牧区。 Xilingol League in Inner Mongolia is an important animal husbandry area in China, which is also a typical arid and semi-arid steppe area. As early as 1956, the requirements of the resettlement grazing were proposed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, then the grass and livestock contract system was implemented at the early 80s of last century, and it was specifically divided into three steps: first grass and livestock contract was implemented in 1982-1998, and the ownership of the grass was placed under the Gacha; in 1989-1995, three kinds of contract forms: household contract, alliance household contract and Haote contract were conducted, which further improved the grassland contract responsibility system; in 1996-1998, according to the regulation to further implement and improve “double rights and one system” in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the ownership, use right and contract responsibility system of the grassland were further practiced, and the use right of grassland absolutely belonged to the contractors. Since 1983, the contract system of grassland had been implemented and until 1992, the family co-operation mode was still used in the pastoral area. This kind of mode, which copied from agriculture, has been validated that it didn’t suitable for the pastoral area which has variable climate and fragile and severe geographical environment by using 30 years in this arid and semi-arid area where the precipitation is unstable and the variable rate is large.","PeriodicalId":171984,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Science Research","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}