Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"System Performance Measurement: Implications for Service Planning","authors":"M. Fleury","doi":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.152","url":null,"abstract":"152 IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH and social services is imperative in the face of increasing population needs, complex and chronic patient profiles, and resource scarcity. These three related articles (Performance measurement in mental health and addictions systems: A scoping review; The experience of the treatment demand indicator in Europe: A common monitoring tool across 30 countries; A mixed-methods evaluation of the implementation of a performance measurement system for South Africa’s substance use treatment services) assess numerous system-level efforts undertaken in recent decades and aim at conceptualizing, implementing, and monitoring performance measurement, both in Canada and internationally. Urbanoski & Inglis (2019) report the results of a scoping review on performance measurement in mental health and addiction treatment systems, concluding that a wide variety of indicators is available to those designing a measurement system. Myers et al. (2019) extend this review to cover performance measurement systems for lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa, showing that it is feasible to implement performance measurement systems in LMICs if the system is acceptable, appropriate, and useful. Finally, Montanari et al. (2019) demonstrate the utility of implementing a common treatment demand indicator in Europe, across 30 countries. These articles suggest that performance indicators permit the follow-up and evaluation of system reforms focused on improving organizational efficiency and interdisciplinary teamwork, while implementing best practices geared toward better population health and patient recovery. Yet consensus is lacking around the meaning of performance: Conceptual frameworks vary according to the programs evaluated (e.g., substance use disorders [SUDs], mental disorders) and across countries. Donabedian’s Quality Framework, a simple and perhaps best-known model, integrates structure, process, and outcomes. Structure encompasses both organizational and provider characteristics and context, whereas process includes interactions between providers and patients regarding treatment. Outcomes relate to the effects of health care for both population and individual health status including patient satisfaction (Donabedian, 1972). COMMENTARY","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"12 1","pages":"152 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80885616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Unmet Demand for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment: The Application of an Australian Population-Based Planning Model.","authors":"Alison Ritter, Jenny Chalmers, Maria Gomez","doi":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.42","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The estimation of demand for treatment is one of the important elements in planning for alcohol and other drug treatment services. This article reports on a demand-projection model used in Australia to estimate the extent of unmet treatment demand by drug type.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The model incorporated the prevalence of substance use disorders (by drug type and age), with the application of a severity distribution, which distributed the substance abuse disorders into three disability categories: mild, moderate, and severe. The application of treatment rates derived from expert judgments reflecting the proportion of people within disability categories who would be suitable for, likely to seek, and benefit from treatment. Sensitivity analyses incorporating variations to the severity distributions and treatment rates were applied, along with adjustment for polydrug use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimate for treatment demand for Australia varied between a low of 411,740 people and a high of 755,557 people. The most sensitive parameter is the expected treatment-seeking rate. Given that approximately 200,000 to 230,000 people are currently in treatment, this represents a met demand of between 26.8% and 56.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is insufficient alcohol and drug treatment available to meet the demand in Australia, despite Australia's relatively high met demand, when compared with other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":" ","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36896266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Experience of the Treatment Demand Indicator in Europe: A Common Monitoring Tool Across 30 Countries.","authors":"Linda Montanari, Alessandro Pirona, Bruno Guarita, Dagmar Hedrich, Jane Mounteney, Julian Vicente","doi":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.139","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The article describes an epidemiological indicator called Treatment Demand Indicator (TDI). The TDI aims to provide professionals and researchers with a common European methodology for collecting and reporting core data on drug users in contact with treatment services. The article discusses the implementation of the TDI in the European countries and describes the main results, limitations, and future perspectives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The TDI provides a common format for reporting data on clients entering treatment as a result of their drug use and related problems during each calendar year. Its technical protocol defines which clients should be reported at European level and represents the minimum common set of items each national monitoring system should be able to report to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2015, 29 European countries reported data on 467,811 clients entering drug treatment from 6,846 drug treatment units. Most clients were men in their 30s and had problems related to heroin or cannabis use; patterns of drug use differed geographically. Over the past decade, clients' profiles and drug use patterns changed from young heroin injectors seeking treatment to drug clients with diversified drug use patterns and profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TDI is the largest drug dataset in Europe, and its data is increasingly used in European and national data analysis. The use of a common drug-treatment-monitoring tool across a group of countries provides a useful instrument for policymakers, professionals, and managers working in the drug treatment field.</p>","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":" ","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36896697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs-Based Planning for Substance Use Treatment Systems: Progress, Prospects, and the Search for a New Perspective.","authors":"Thomas F Babor, Brian Rush, Joël Tremblay","doi":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.154","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsads.2019.s18.154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The articles presented in this issue of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (Supplement No. 18) describe the rapid improvements over the past decade in methods, theories, and data systems used for needs-based planning of addiction treatment services. In this concluding essay, the editors describe the progress, prospects, and implications of this new wave of research. It is concluded that these developments can be used to maximize the impact of treatment services at the population level.</p>","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":" ","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36896700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorders: seventy-five years of progress.","authors":"Leah R Zindel, H. Kranzler","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.79","url":null,"abstract":"Modern pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence has its roots in the failure of National Prohibition in the United States and the rise of the disease model of alcoholism (embodied in Alcoholics Anonymous). In 1948, disulfiram was the first medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat alcohol dependence, but its efficacy has not been supported by randomized controlled trials. In the 1960s, benzodiazepines replaced older treatments for alcohol withdrawal, but sedative and dependence-producing effects limit their utility in the postwithdrawal period. In the 1980s, the focus shifted to the treatment of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and medications that modify negative mood states, which contribute to relapse to heavy drinking. In the 1990s, developments in neurobiology implicated specific neurotransmitter systems underlying alcohol's effects, culminating in the 1994 approval by the FDA of the opioid antagonist naltrexone to treat alcohol dependence. In 2006, the FDA approved a long-acting formulation of naltrexone. Recently, nalmefene, another opioid receptor antagonist, was approved in Europe for as-needed use to reduce heavy drinking. Acamprosate, an amino acid derivative, first approved in France in 1989, received FDA approval in 2004. However, the beneficial effects of the approved medications are only modestly greater than those of placebo, and their use is limited. Topiramate, currently under investigation for alcohol dependence, has greater efficacy but a variety of adverse effects. In addition to the identification of novel compounds, the future of alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy will depend on developments in pharmacogenetics, in which genetic variation that moderates treatment efficacy and adverse effects is used to personalize treatment.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"7 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75210167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seventy-five years of comorbidity research.","authors":"M. Kushner","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.50","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000As part of the 75th anniversary edition of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, this article reviews research on the relationship between mental disorders and substance use disorders (\"comorbidity\") from 1940--the journal's inception--to the present.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000First, a survey of the titles and abstracts of all articles published in the journal was used to identify those articles pertaining to comorbidity. Seminal and representative works from this set of articles and a limited selection of articles from other journals were included in the review.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The early psychosocial research emphasized psychoanalytic formulations of alcohol use as a defensive symptom, which informed the early experimental research on the tension-reducing properties of alcohol. The \"cognitive revolution,\" occurring in the 1970s, enabled an expansion of the tension-reduction theory to include a central role for mental processes (e.g., alcohol expectancies) in promoting drinking to cope with negative affectivity. The early clinical research characterized mental conditions commonly co-occurring with alcohol disorders and considered their etiological relationship to alcohol disorders. The \"neo-Kraepelinian revolution\" in psychiatry, which also occurred in the 1970s, infused the clinical comorbidity research with a more rigorous diagnostic technology and a range of biomedical research methodologies to study the mechanistic linkages of co-occurring disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Although a substantial quantity of scientific information on comorbidity has accumulated over the past 75 years, a standard model(s) of comorbidity has yet to congeal. Barriers and opportunities related to achieving this important goal are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"51 1","pages":"50-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81091728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief history of research on the genetics of alcohol and other drug use disorders.","authors":"M. Schuckit","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.75.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.75.59","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article reviews developments in research on genetic influences on alcohol and other drug use and disorders over the past 7 decades.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The author began with a review of the flow and content of articles published in the three iterations of the journal since 1940 and then used a PubMed search of genetics of alcohol and other drug-related topics to gain a broad overview of developments in this field.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The literature demonstrates the rapid metamorphosis of genetic research from the ideas of Mendel to an understanding that the substance use disorders are complex, genetically influenced conditions where genes explain up to 60% of the picture. Most genes operate through additional intermediate characteristics, such as impulsivity and a low sensitivity to alcohol, some of which are substance specific and others related to substances in general. Using linkage, association, genome-wide association, and other modern methods, investigators have identified a diverse range of genetic variations that affect substance-related phenomena.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Genetic studies regarding alcohol and other drug use and problems have grown dramatically in the past 75 years. We currently have a much more sophisticated understanding of these influences, and the rapid development of new methods has the promise of continuing what has been a solid contribution of important findings in recent years.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"29 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79978680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial approaches to alcohol use disorders since 1940: a review.","authors":"B. McCrady, M. Owens, Adrienne Z. Borders, Julie M. Brovko","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.68","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE A review of psychosocial approaches to alcohol use disorders (AUDs) was performed to identify and contextualize trends in major treatment approaches and special populations and provide possible future directions for alcohol research. METHOD The PsycINFO database was searched for peer-reviewed articles relevant to psychosocial approaches to AUDs for each decade since the 1940s, resulting in approximately 4,246 articles for review. Topics were included if they made up at least 4% of the relevant articles for any one decade. Nine treatment and seven special population topics were identified for the current review. RESULTS Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic and aversion therapies were major topics in the 1940s and 1950s, but few articles have been published recently. Other topics have shown consistent representation in the literature, including criminal justice and military populations, self-help groups, group therapies, couples and family therapies, behavioral treatments and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and complementary/ alternative treatments. The majority of the specific population topics and two newer treatment approaches have appeared more recently in significant proportions, including adolescents, college students, women, ethnic minorities, and dually diagnosed populations; newer treatments include brief interventions and motivational interviewing approaches. CONCLUSIONS The number of articles on psychosocial approaches to AUDs has been increasing since the 1940s. There have been recent surges in alcohol research on specific populations, an increase in the integration of alcohol treatment with primary care, and a continued emphasis on empirically supported and cost-effective treatments for AUDs; these trends likely will continue into the future.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"39 1","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82543980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal prevention for alcohol use disorders: 1940-2014.","authors":"Brian Borsari","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.89","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Universal prevention programs are intended to prevent or delay the onset of alcohol use disorders in the general population. This article reviews research on universal prevention programs for alcohol use published over the last 75 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A literature search of studies published since the inception of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs in 1940 revealed 66 manuscripts that addressed or reported the findings of universal prevention programs in that journal. Additional studies published elsewhere were also reviewed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Research on universal prevention programs can be divided into three eras: Identifying the need for prevention (1940-1970) and the first (1971-1990) and second (1991-2010) eras of universal prevention research.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In the past 75 years, the field of universal prevention for alcohol use disorders has evolved from nonexistent to mature, replicating and enhancing effective strategies and identifying and learning from ineffective ones. The future provides unique opportunities to develop sophisticated strategies to enhance the efficacy of universal prevention programs.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"58 1","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80761907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of studies of drinking patterns in the United States since 1940.","authors":"P. O'Malley","doi":"10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSADS.2014.S17.18","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article reviews changes in drinking patterns in the general U.S. population since the first appearance of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol in June 1940.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Contents of the three iterations of the journal (Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, and Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs) were reviewed along with additional prominent key articles on the subject known to the author.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Early articles in the field tended to focus on alcoholics and alcoholism, usually with a biological emphasis. The earliest \"scientific investigation\" of drinking patterns that appeared in iterations of JSAD reported data based on a survey in 1946, and the earliest report of trends in drinking patterns compared the 1946 data with data from 1963. Since then, there have been numerous evaluations of drinking patterns in the general U.S. population.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000There have been major changes over the past 75 years in the manner in which drinking patterns are measured and summarized. Perhaps the biggest change was the introduction of probability sampling. Additional major changes continue to occur, responding to technological changes (e.g., the use of computers, cell phones, and broadband connections) in how people interact with their environment.","PeriodicalId":17103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement","volume":"161 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83853198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}