Flavour and Fragrance Journal最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and pyrolysis of methyl cyclopentenolone succinate diester","authors":"Zhaojin Yu,&nbsp;Tingting Pan,&nbsp;Miao Lai,&nbsp;Yuhang Ji,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Yang,&nbsp;Aijun Dong,&nbsp;Xiaoming Ji","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To develop a new class of enol diketone esters, succinic acid monoesters were synthesized using the reaction of succinic anhydride with various aromatic alcohols. Subsequently, six types of methyl cyclopentenolone succinate diesters were synthesized using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the condensation agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the catalyst for the condensation reaction with methyl cyclopentenolone. The target compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The aromas characteristics of esters were evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometer (GC–MS-O). Compounds <b>5a ~ 5c,</b> which had a strong aroma, were conducted with thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) to analyse their heating-stability. Additionally, these compounds were studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to analyse their pyrolysis behaviours at 300, 350 and 400°C. Results showed that methyl cyclopentenolone and a large number of small molecular flavouring substances were formed by <b>5a ~ 5c</b> at the set temperature. The synthesis of methyl cyclopentenolone succinate diester can not only slow down the volatilization of methyl cyclopentenolone and aromatic alcohol, but also effectively enhance the aroma, improve the smoking taste of cigarettes, reduce the irritation and miscellaneous gas of smoking and provide more choices for cigarette flavouring.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5784558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation of yield and composition in extracts from immature and mature Eucalyptus bosistoana leaves","authors":"Chamira Rajapaksha,&nbsp;Luis Alejandro Apiolaza,&nbsp;Marie A. Squire,&nbsp;Clemens Altaner","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3742","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seasonal variations of yield and composition in microwave extracts from mature and immature <i>Eucalyptus bosistoana</i> leaves were monitored for 2 years. The highest yield (average 16.7 μL/g (<i>fresh</i>)) and percentage of 1,8-cineole (average 67.1%) were obtained from the leaves collected during summer and the lowest during winter. Mature leaves contained a significantly higher (<i>p</i> ≤ .001) proportion of 1,8-cineole in their extract (60.9%) than immature leaves (44.6%). <i>Total yield ranged from 3.0 to 27.0 μL/g (fresh) in mature leaves and from 6.0 to 26.7 μL/g (fresh) in immature leaves. Significant differences between half-sibling families were observed, indicating genetic control of these traits. E. bosistoana</i> leaf extracts could be comparable in quality and quantity to that of <i>E. globulus</i>, the species dominating global essential eucalyptus oil production. Oil quality and quantity could be optimized by harvesting mature leaves during summer from superior families.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ffj.3742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5724472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and pyrolysis of various novel pyrrole ester fragrance precursors","authors":"Pengyu Li,&nbsp;Haiying Tian,&nbsp;Lu Han,&nbsp;Huaiqi Li,&nbsp;Yuhang Ji,&nbsp;Jinchu Yang,&nbsp;Miao Lai,&nbsp;Wenjuan Chu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Ji","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3747","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the disadvantages of low fragrance threshold and high volatility of pyrrole monomer under high-temperature process in tobacco or food, it cannot meet the market requirements. In order to develop pyrrole flavour precursors, 2,5-dimethyl-N-pyrroleacetic acid was synthesized by the Paal–Knorr reaction using 2,5-hexanedione and glycine as raw materials. Various pyrrole fragrance precursors such as 2-ethyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate (<b>5a</b>), 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate (<b>5b</b>), pyridine-2-ylmethyl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate (<b>5c</b>) and thiophen-2-ylmethyl 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate (<b>5d</b>) were synthesized by esterification from 2,5-dimethyl-N-pyrroleacetic acid with ethyl maltol, vanillin, 2-pyridinemethanol and 2-thiophenemethanol, respectively. As part of the study, IR, NMR and HRMS were used to characterize the target compounds. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometer (GC–MS-O), the pyrrole esters obtained were evaluated for the characteristics of their aromas. The thermal stability was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, the pyrolysis mechanism was speculated. With TG-DTG results, the main mass loss phase of <b>5a</b> occurred between 108°C and 450°C, with a dramatic mass loss reduction of 83.07%. At 118.60°C and 450°C, <b>5b</b> showed a mass loss reduction of 60.80%. Furthermore, according to the Py-GC/MS analysis results, compounds <b>5a</b> and <b>5b</b> formed <b>8</b> and <b>7</b> pyrolysis products. The main pyrolysis products of <b>5a</b> and <b>5b</b> were 1-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole, ethyl maltol, and vanillin, which are all aroma components used to blend cigarette smoke, can slow down the rate at which aromas are lost and mask unpleasant smoke. Study results provide a reference for the tobacco industry to further develop new high-temperature release aroma ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5680390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic reactions towards aldehydes: An overview","authors":"Lukas Schober,&nbsp;Hana Dobia?ová,&nbsp;Valentina Jurka?,&nbsp;Fabio Parmeggiani,&nbsp;Florian Rudroff,&nbsp;Margit Winkler","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3739","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many aldehydes are volatile compounds with distinct and characteristic olfactory properties. The aldehydic functional group is reactive and, as such, an invaluable chemical multi-tool to make all sorts of products. Owing to the reactivity, the selective synthesis of aldehydic is a challenging task. Nature has evolved a number of enzymatic reactions to produce aldehydes, and this review provides an overview of aldehyde-forming reactions in biological systems and beyond. Whereas some of these biotransformations are still in their infancy in terms of synthetic applicability, others are developed to an extent that allows their implementation as industrial biocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"221-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ffj.3739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6179886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chemometric approach based on a full factorial design to optimize terpene acylation using natural kaolin as eco-friendly catalyst","authors":"Mourad Boukachabia,&nbsp;Hacene Bendjeffal,&nbsp;Mounia Merabet Khelassi,&nbsp;Olivier Riant","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3741","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A statistical approach was successfully applied to optimize the acylation of <i>l</i>-menthol <b>1</b> in the presence of natural kaolin as an eco-compatible catalyst. The influence of the main variation of the operating parameters, namely solvent volume, amount of the acyl donor, temperature and the catalytic rate of kaolin, was studied. A full factorial design (FFD) was used to search for the optimum of each parameter affecting the evolution of <i>l</i>-menthol <b>1</b> acylation. A quadratic polynomial regression model was applied to analyse the experimental data with a <i>p</i>-confidence level &lt;.05 (95%). Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that temperature (<i>T</i>), acyl donor/acceptor ratio (Qa), kaolin mass (Qc) and solvent volume (<i>V</i>) were the significant factors affecting the <i>l</i>-menthol catalytic acylation process. The determination coefficient of the adopted model was in the order of 98%. A set of optimal reaction conditions was established, and experimental tests were performed to validate the optimal conditions; the threshold of 100% was reached. Monitoring the kinetic profile of the reaction by gas chromatography (GC) showed complete conversion after 30 min of reaction. An upgrade of this developed environmentally benign process was applied to some monoterpenic alcohols, and the corresponding acetates were yielding at 45%–90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"274-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5786388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing key aroma-active compounds of stewed mutton using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry coupled with odour activity value","authors":"Nan Qi,&nbsp;Ruijia Liu,&nbsp;Jie Sun,&nbsp;Haitao Chen,&nbsp;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3745","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stewed mutton is popular for its nutritional and special flavour qualities. To determine the key aroma-active compounds of stewed mutton in different parts, six experimental groups (sheep fat, sheep bone, sheep brisket, sheep loin, sheep rib and sheep leg) were investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). Totally, 57 volatile compounds in mutton soup were identified. Of these, 22 aroma-active compounds were identified as key aroma compounds with odour activity values (OAVs) &gt;1. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) results indicated that sheep fat (SF) was greatly related to most variables of sensory attributes, thus presented richer aroma. Among all samples, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and (<i>E</i>)-2-nonenal were the major aromatic compounds they shared. There were 22 unique key aromatic compounds, including 3-methylthiopropana, (<i>E</i>)-2-decenal, γ-decalactone, (<i>E</i>)-2-octenal and hydroxyacetone, and the differences in these compounds contributed to the flavour profiles of mutton soup. Our research extends the knowledge into the flavour characteristics of different parts of mutton and provides powerful information for improving the flavour of mutton products.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6108425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a sample of Chilean university students in terms of the bitter-tasting phenotype and genotype and their preferences for basic flavours and associated foods","authors":"Paola Cáceres,&nbsp;Luna Segovia,&nbsp;Constanza Rivera,&nbsp;Nevenka Jureti?","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3744","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The majority of people have a bitter taster phenotype, they perceive substances such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). This could be associated with a lower preference for bitter foods. The ability to detect bitter taste is due to TAS2R28 receptor. The aim of this study was to determine the preferences for basic flavours, taste combinations and bitter taste-related foods in a sample of Chilean university students and to relate it to their PTC taster phenotype and genotype. A 5-point Likert-type online survey on taste and food preferences was applied to 149 Chilean university students (19.2 years; 69.8% women; 29.5% men and 0.7% prefer-not-to-say). It classified students as strong taster (ST), intermediate taster (IT) or non-taster (NT) through a PTC taste test. To assess the relationship between phenotype or genotype and students' preferences, we analysed frequency tables using Fisher's exact test. To genotype determination, it extracted DNA from buccal mucosal cells of 25 students (18.9 years; 72% female and 28% male). A fragment of <i>TAS2R38</i> gene amplified (PCR) and digested (<i>HaeIII</i>). Our results show that 85.9% of students had a PTC taster phenotype (37.6% ST, 48.3% IT vs. 14.1% NT). Sweet taste was the most preferred, while bitter taste was the least. There was no association between taste and food preferences with student's phenotype or genotype. ST students presented homozygous taster genotype (55.6%); IT students, heterozygous taster genotype (75%); and NT students, homozygous non-taster genotype (50%). Both the PTC taster phenotype and genotype associated are not related to a lower preference for bitter taste and foods studied. Our results will allow us to generate promotion and education strategies for healthy eating, through the inclusion of bitter foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5942075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ortho- and Retronasal stimulations with specific food odours: Hedonic and familiarity ratings are related to chemosensory pleasure scale (CPS) scores","authors":"Charlotte Bontempi,&nbsp;Pauline Corbelin,&nbsp;Gérard Brand,&nbsp;Laurence Jacquot","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Volatile compounds can reach olfactory epithelium though the nose (orthonasal olfaction) or the mouth (retronasal olfaction). Although differences have been found between these two pathways in terms of odour sensitivity and identification, few studies have examined ortho- and retronasal differences taking into consideration the three main dimensions of olfactory perception (i.e. hedonicity, intensity and familiarity). Olfactory perception, and particularly odour hedonic perception, is influenced by several factors such as sex or age. Another variability factor worth considering, especially regarding food-related odours, is the ability to experience pleasure simulated by smell or taste, which can be measured with the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS). Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to compare odour sensory ratings in response to ortho- and retronasal presentation and (2) to examine the relationship between CPS scores and odour sensory ratings in ortho- and retronasal pathways. Participants rated ten food odours in ortho- and retronasal conditions using visual analogue scales and were divided into two subgroups based on the median CPS score (CPS+ and CPS− groups). Results revealed similar sensory responses to food odours between ortho- and retronasal pathways for the three main dimensions of olfactory perception. Interestingly, when CPS scores were considered, clear differences in odour familiarity and hedonicity were shown, particularly for the retronasal pathway (i.e. odours were perceived as more pleasant and more familiar in CPS+ group than in CPS− group). Overall, these findings suggest that differences in odour perception between ortho-and retronasal pathways may be related to specific individual characteristics such as chemosensory hedonic capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6030386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of propylene glycol addition on the flavour compounds retention of peppermint powders","authors":"Cui Chun,&nbsp;Gao Mingqi,&nbsp;Jia Xuewei,&nbsp;Ma Bingjie,&nbsp;Li Tianxiao,&nbsp;Tian Shu,&nbsp;Xu Chunping","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared with peppermint oil, natural peppermint has more ingredients, a layered fragrance, and a green colour. It has been widely used as a nutritional additive, herbal tea, food flavouring or colouring. In this work, the retention of volatile flavour compounds of peppermint powders was enhanced by propylene glycol, a reagent that enhances hydrogen bonds and moisture absorption. The levels of influence of propylene glycol content on the retention of different volatile flavour compounds, moisture absorption and water distribution were evaluated by GC–MS, dynamic water absorption instrument (DVS), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), respectively. GC–MS analysis showed that the volatile substances of peppermint powders (PMs) without propylene glycol were reduced to 22 kinds after storage for 90 days, and the total amount of volatile substances remained at 40.94%; PG2 with 2% propylene glycol had the best flavour retention. After 90 days of storage, the residual percentage of volatile flavour compounds of PG2 was approximately 72.56%, which was significantly increased compared with that of PM. The DVS results suggested that all the peppermint powders adopted a type III moisture absorption isotherm, and they all had multilayer adsorbed water. PG2 had the best moisture retention capacity and the highest hygroscopic hysteresis, while PG4 with a high propylene glycol content had a relatively poor moisture retention capacity. Similarly, LF-NMR analysis showed that PG2 had a higher proportion of bound water and lower relaxation times T₂₁ and T₂₂ under different humidity conditions, indicating that it had the strongest water binding capacity. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the residual volatile compounds of peppermint powders and the peak area of bound water A₂₁. The higher the proportion of strongly bound water in peppermint particles was, the more residual volatile substances were identified in peppermint particles. These results show that peppermint particles supplemented with propylene glycol can significantly improve the flavour retention ability of peppermint powders. In short, the results could be applied to the storage stability and quality control of peppermint products.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5792141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of simmering time, salt and sugar addition on the flavour and nutrient release of Morchella soup","authors":"Ruiqing Fu,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Yanyin Guo,&nbsp;Yujiang Wang,&nbsp;Haijuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ffj.3738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3738","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of different simmering times, salt and sugar addition on the quality of the Morchella soup. The change in the released contents of nutrients and flavour compounds in the Morchella soup within 120 min was studied. The automatic amino acid analyser, solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phenosulphuric acid method, acid–base neutralization principle and 1,1-dipheny2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity were used to determine the changes in free amino acids, volatile flavour compounds, total sugar, titratable acids and antioxidant activities in the Morchella soup respectively. The results showed that the amount of amino acids, volatile flavour compounds, titratable acid, antioxidant capacity and total sugar in the Morchella soup were significantly higher at 40-min simmering time than at other simmering times. At 40-min simmering time, the salt and sugar addition increased the amounts of umami amino acids (54.33%, 23.48%) and total amino acids (40.83%, 20.02%), organic acids (211.6%, 127.74%), sulphur-containing compounds (130.40%, 237.20%), titratable acids (43.3%, 16.7%), and total sugar (23.8%, 16.7%) and antioxidant activity (87.5%, 23.8%) in the Morchella soup respectively. This study revealed the influence mechanism of simmering time, salt and sugar addition on the Morchella soup and provided a basis for further processing the Morchella soup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"38 3","pages":"168-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5793214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}