Flavour and Fragrance Journal最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Piper spp. Volatile Oils That Inhibit Pathogenic Microorganisms","authors":"Midiã R. Oliveira,&nbsp;Ely D. Alfaia Neto,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo C. Alves,&nbsp;Renata Galvão de Azevedo,&nbsp;Alice F. Gomes,&nbsp;Flávia Juliana Reis de Sousa,&nbsp;Juan Campos de Oliveira,&nbsp;Larissa Raquel S. Maciel,&nbsp;Gemilson S. Pontes,&nbsp;Ari F. Hidalgo,&nbsp;Antonia Q. L. Souza,&nbsp;Rita C. Saraiva Nunomura","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species of the genus <i>Piper</i> are used to treat diseases caused by microorganisms, such as urinary tract infections and chickenpox. These plants possess essential oils with proven antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Given the potential biological activity of <i>Piper</i> species, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of five essential oils (EOs) from the <i>Piper</i> genus native to the Amazon region. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterised by GC–MS. Their antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH radical, and their toxicity was evaluated against both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Additionally, they were evaluated against pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and yeasts of the genus <i>Candida</i>. The main compounds identified in the essential oils of <i>Piper</i> spp. included dillapiole (83.46%–80.26%) in <i>P. aduncum</i>; β-selinene (17.77%), (<i>E</i>)-iso-<i>γ</i>-bisabolene (17.71%) and <i>γ</i>-terpinene (12.75%) in <i>P. hispidum</i>; (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene (18.02%) and <i>α</i>-humulene (10.79%) in <i>P. hostimannianum</i>; and (<i>E</i>)-iso-<i>γ</i>-bisabolene (26.85%) in <i>P. marginatum</i>. The samples were fungicidal against <i>Candida</i>, with MICs ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/mL. They were fungistatic against <i>Penicillium adametzii</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and <i>A. niger,</i> with MICs of 1000 μg/mL. Volatile oils of <i>P. hostmannianum</i> and <i>P. marginatum</i> exhibited low antioxidant activity. The volatile oils of <i>Piper aduncum</i> and <i>Piper marginatum</i> reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells by up to 41.34% at concentrations of 50 μg/mL and 3 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. This study demonstrated that essential oils from Amazonian <i>Piper</i> species are promising candidates for developing technologies aimed at treating breast cancer, combating fungal infections, or even preserving food.</p>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"935-942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ffj.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction Method Impact on Essential Oil Composition of Cordia myxa L. Fruits","authors":"Fayez M. Eissa,&nbsp;Mostafa M. Abazied,&nbsp;Ali Kamel Mahfouz,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Saleh,&nbsp;Tarik A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Mohamed Elamir F. Hegazy,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Beih,&nbsp;Abou El-Hamd H. Mohamed,&nbsp;Islam M. Abdellah","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the impact of two distinct distillation techniques: hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MHD), on the chemical composition of <i>Cordia myxa</i> fruits essential oil (EO). The study examines how different methods of extraction could alter the EO amount and composition of the EO extracted. EO of all samples was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Compounds 37 and 27 were identified by HD and MHD with oil yield of 0.0095% and 0.011% for both methods, respectively. The findings reveal substantial differences in both profiles yielded by each method. In the case of HD, the majority of essential oil by area was palmitic acid <b>(18)</b> 25.59%, and the greener method, MHD, altered the oil composition by resulting in changing the major constituent Simetryn <b>(42)</b> 29.46%. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained through HD and MHD have been tested against eleven different pathogens. The EO extracted by HD and MHD did not show any antimicrobial activity against test organisms at a concentration of 5 μL/disc. Molecular docking studies against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i> and EGFR kinase showed compound <b>46</b> and other fatty acid derivatives of lengthy chains to be powerful ligands with binding affinities equal to reference standards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"756-767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Aroma Analysis and Investigation of Microscopic Perception Mechanisms of Cigar Tobacco Leaves","authors":"Lijun Li,&nbsp;Chengbei Zhang,&nbsp;Jiayi Li,&nbsp;Weijun Deng,&nbsp;Xiangdong Shi,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Hui Guo,&nbsp;Jing Hu","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cigars, as a unique tobacco product, not only possess a rich aroma and a full-bodied taste but also offer a complex sensory experience. Systematic research on the aroma composition and microscopic perception mechanisms of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) was crucial for improving cigar quality. In this work, the aroma characteristics of four CTLs from different origins were systematically investigated by using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-olfactory-mass spectrometry, resulting in the identification of 94 volatile compounds. Then, combining aroma extract dilution analysis and odour activity value, eight key aromatic compounds (KACs), including β-ionone, dihydro-beta-ionone, and benzaldehyde, were screened. Molecular docking results showed that β-ionone and dihydro-beta-ionone exhibited a wide range of strong binding abilities with olfactory receptors (ORs), with binding energies ranging from −7.6 to −5.12 kcal/mol, significantly stronger than those of other KACs, which was attributed to their unique cyclohexene configurations. Further analysis of the relationship between molecular configurations and binding energies revealed that rigid cyclic molecules typically had lower binding energies, while flexible long-chain molecules possessed more torsional bonds, resulting in higher torsional free energies during docking with ORs, thus reducing their affinity for ORs. Molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes formed by the eight KACs and ORs indicated that the root mean square deviation and radius of gyration stabilised after 25 ns, with root mean square fluctuation generally below 1 nm, suggesting that the complex systems were dynamically stable. This work provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of specialty cigar products and deepened the microscopic understanding of cigar flavour formation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"923-934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Key Aroma Compounds in Cigar Mainstream Smoke and Investigation of the Electroencephalographic Responses: A Multidisciplinary Approach","authors":"Quanlong Zhou,&nbsp;Siting Ye,&nbsp;Yashu Yu,&nbsp;Changlin Zhou,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhu,&nbsp;Panpan Chen,&nbsp;Lulu Liu,&nbsp;Dongliang Li,&nbsp;Quanwei Zhou,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Feng","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dominant aroma smoke of cigars is key to their quality. This study employed gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) combined with odour activity value (OAV) analysis and sensory evaluation to identify critical volatile aroma compounds in mainstream smoke from five cigar brands. Additionally, electroencephalography (EEG) was utilised to investigate corresponding brain electrophysiological responses. A total of 121 volatile compounds were identified for the five cigars, with QJ (132 Miracle) having the highest content, followed by SX (Animals of the Chinese Zodiac), JD (Range 3 Classic), SS (Shengshi No. 5) and HS (Red 132). There were significant differences in aroma profiles and only 10 shared volatile compounds. A total of 48 aroma active compounds were detected by olfaction, of which 26 with OAV &gt; 1 were key aroma active components and correlated with sensory attributes. 4-methylguaiacol showed a significant positive correlation with caramel and honey flavours. 2-Ethylhexanol and lauryl alcohol exhibited significant positive correlations with floral and creamy flavours. Brain activity peaked during the middle smoking phase, particularly in the occipital lobe and <i>δ</i> energies were generally active across brands, while <i>γ</i> energies displayed the most pronounced differences, with heightened activity during the middle phase. This study elucidates the key aroma components of cigar mainstream smoke and provides a scientific foundation for exploring neural perception mechanisms of cigar flavour, offering valuable data for enhancing domestic cigar flavour quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"779-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oil and Hydroethanolic Extract of Clinopodium serpyllifolium subsp. serpyllifolium: Enzyme Inhibition, Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and In Silico Insights","authors":"Muhittin Kulak,&nbsp;Yunus Basar,&nbsp;Semiha Yenigun,&nbsp;Godloves F. Chi,&nbsp;Aslı Yıldırım Kocaman,&nbsp;Ayse Karacalı Tunc,&nbsp;Fatih Gul,&nbsp;Musa Karadag,&nbsp;Ibrahim Demirtas,&nbsp;Tevfik Ozen,&nbsp;Ahmet Zafer Tel","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pharmacological profile of <i>Clinopodium serpyllifolium</i> subsp. <i>serpyllifolium</i> (CS) remains largely unexplored, deserving to be comprehensively investigated. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical composition and biological activities of CS hydroethanolic extract (CSE) and essential oil (CSEO). The findings were further supported by in silico analyses. Briefly, the metabolite profiling was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC–MS/MS. Concerning in vitro assays, the inhibitory effects of the plant extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase were assessed. The extracts were also tested for their anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative (HepG2, SAOS-2), antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Additionally, to support the findings regarding biological activities, density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy landscape analyses were employed for the major compounds identified. The findings of the present study revealed that CSEO exhibited potent α-amylase, α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Importantly, CSEO showed superior activities over standard inhibitors. The selective antiproliferative activity of CSE and CSEO was observed in their treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells, while the normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) remained unaffected. Also, strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were observed, particularly against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Significantly, in silico analyses further confirmed the stable and favourable binding energies of menthone, pulegone and luteolin with target enzymes. Those findings were consistent with experimental findings. Taking all findings into account, the present study provides the first comprehensive evidence that CS might be considered as a promising natural source or candidate for enzyme inhibitors, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"943-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Constituents From Essential Oils as Sleep Aids: A Narrative Review of Recent Evidence","authors":"Suthasinee Seephan,&nbsp;Varisa Pongrakhananon,&nbsp;Anthony Booker,&nbsp;Natchagorn Lumlerdkij","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, represent a growing global health concern with significant consequences for physical, cognitive and mental well-being. Although conventional pharmacological sleep aids are effective in the short term, their long-term use is often limited by adverse effects, tolerance, dependence and safety concerns, prompting increased interest in complementary and alternative approaches. Aromatherapy, especially the use of essential oils, has gained popularity as a low-risk and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality. While numerous reviews have summarized the clinical benefits of whole essential oils, the specific chemical constituents responsible for their sleep-promoting effects have not been comprehensively examined. This narrative review focuses on the major bioactive constituents found in essential oils and evaluates their potential roles as alternative sleep aids. We synthesize recent experimental and clinical evidence on key classes of compounds, including monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and related aromatic constituents, highlighting their reported effects on sleep quality, anxiety reduction and stress modulation. Proposed mechanisms of action, particularly interactions with inhibitory neurotransmitter systems and autonomic regulation, are also discussed. In addition, this review addresses practical applications, safety considerations, population-specific recommendations and current limitations related to variability in essential oil composition and the lack of standardized clinical data. By shifting the focus from whole oils to individual constituents, this review aims to support rational product development, quality control and evidence-based use of essential oil–derived compounds in future sleep aid formulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"742-755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition Diversity and In Vitro Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils Derived From Cymbopogon citratus, Origanum majorana and Lavandula dentata Against Two Phytopathogens Isolated From Pulse Crops","authors":"Hajar Sbai,&nbsp;Ilyass Maafa,&nbsp;Youssef Nemmassi,&nbsp;Hassan Afkhar,&nbsp;Ahmed Hajib,&nbsp;Soukaina Msairi,&nbsp;Nabil Radouane,&nbsp;Jean Costa,&nbsp;Lhou Majidi,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Bouyahya,&nbsp;Khalid M. Sumaily,&nbsp;Mohamed Tabyaoui,&nbsp;Hicham Harhar","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of lemongrass, majoram, and lavender essential oils (EOs) against <i>Apiospora arundinis</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> under in vitro conditions. GC–MS and GC-FID analysis of lemongrass EO revealed that geranial (45.65%) was the major component, followed by neral (33.79%) and geraniol (3.74%). In majoram EO, terpinen-4-ol (55.83%) was identified as the main compound, along with α-terpineol (17.21%) and Z-sabinene hydrate (4.39%). The chemical composition of lavender EO was dominated by <i>cis</i>-14-nor-muurol-5-en-4-one (9.16%), myrtenal (8.39%), and β-eudesmol (7.26%). Antifungal activity was assessed in vitro using the direct contact assay and disk diffusion method. All tested EOs exhibited significant antifungal inhibition on mycelium growth of the two fungal pathogens. <i>Lavandula dentata</i> EO showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μL/mL using both methods. In contrast, <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> EO established the lowest MIC (0.4 μL/mL) in the disk diffusion assay, highlighting both the potency of lemongrass EO and the effectiveness of the disk diffusion assay in our study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":"814-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition and Potential Control Three Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes of Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. Essential Oils","authors":"The Van Pham,&nbsp;Thuong Thanh Vo,&nbsp;Prabodh Satyal,&nbsp;Truc Thi-Thanh Le,&nbsp;Vy Anh Tran,&nbsp;Vinh Hien Nguyen,&nbsp;Y. Le Phan,&nbsp;Huy Gia Ngo,&nbsp;Hung Huy Nguyen,&nbsp;Trung Quang Vo,&nbsp;William N. Setzer","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The leaf essential oils of <i>Harrisonia perforata</i>, collected at three different times in Vietnam (HP1, HP2 and HP3), were chemically analysed and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against three medically important mosquito species: <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>. HP1 was rich in sesquiterpenoids such as caryophyllene oxide (26.3%), (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene (16.9%) and spathulenol (9.7%). HP2 shared similar major constituents with HP1 but contained an unidentified compound (8.2%) and palmitic acid (5.1%). In contrast, HP3 had a lower caryophyllene oxide content (13.5%) and was dominated by α-santalene (20.5%). Larvicidal assays against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, <i>Ae. albopictus</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> revealed that HP3 exhibited the highest toxicity, with 24-h LC₅₀ values between 46.13 and 75.83 μg/mL. HP1 and HP3 also demonstrated superior repellent activity at both 10% and 50% concentrations, with HP3 outperforming DEET 10%. Although the knockdown effect was slow, noticeable fumigant toxicity was observed after 60 min for HP1 and HP3, and after 120 min for HP2. All samples exhibited significant fumigant action, with 1440-min LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.20% to 0.46% for <i>A. aegypti</i> and 0.03%–0.60% for <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"673-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scent-Derived Bioactivity of Myosotis sylvatica Flowers: GC–MS-Based Volatile Profiling and Computational Evaluation of Antioxidant Targets","authors":"Erdi Can Aytar,&nbsp;Betül Aydın,&nbsp;Emine Incilay Torunoğlu,&nbsp;Alper Durmaz","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Myosotis sylvatica</i> has garnered attention due to its bioactive potential, yet its antioxidant capacity and phytochemical composition remain underexplored. In this study, the methanolic extract of <i>M. sylvatica</i> flowers was evaluated for its antioxidant activity, phytochemical content and molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivity. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant potential, as indicated by its DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 2.9 ± 0.9 mg/mL) and was rich in flavonoids (71.8 ± 0.8 mg QE/g), proanthocyanidins (84 ± 15 mg CAE/g), and other phenolic compounds. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 13 volatile compounds, with thymol (37.14%) and carvacrol (10.75%) as dominant constituents. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 125 overlapping gene targets between these phytochemicals and genes related to oxidative stress. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted TNF, PTGS2, PPARG, and ESR1 as key regulatory nodes. Molecular docking studies further demonstrated strong binding affinities of sesquiterpenes, particularly aromadendrene, toward PPAR-γ and PPAR-α, supported by favourable binding energies and ligand efficiencies. The interaction profiles suggest that aromadendrene engages in extensive hydrophobic interactions within the ligand-binding domains of both receptors. These findings underscore <i>M. sylvatica</i>'s potential as a natural antioxidant source and provide mechanistic insights that support its future pharmacological application in combating oxidative stress-related disorders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"617-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological Strategies to Enhance Fragrance Longevity and Sustainability: Focus on Bio-Based Materials and Green Technologies—A Review","authors":"Maede Taghilou","doi":"10.1002/ffj.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to discover biotechnological strategies applicable to both natural and synthetic fragrances for enhancing longevity and sustainability, addressing the challenge of limited scent duration in personal care products. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing advancements in bio-based substances, enzymatic technologies, nanotechnology, microbial biosynthesis, microencapsulation, and genetic engineering. Key findings consist of the use of biodegradable polymers (e.g., alginate, polylactic acid) for sustained perfume launch, metagenomic enzymes (e.g., Est16, Lip-1420) for stabilising compounds, and CRISPR-based genetic engineering for greater terpenoid biosynthesis. Nanotechnology and microencapsulation shield high-risk compounds, while microbial methods offer scalable, eco-friendly production. Biotechnological innovations provide sustainable, high-performance answers for fragrance formulations, with promising implications for enterprises and environmentally conscious clients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":170,"journal":{"name":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"449-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}