Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards最新文献

{"title":"Precision and Bias of Graphite Furnace Analysis of Environmental Samples","authors":"G. L. Mckinney","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.056","url":null,"abstract":"* Determination of Cr(lIl)+Cr(VI). To 25 mL of sample, add 0.3 mL of 8% PHP, adjust pH to 3.5, and add 3 mL of 10% APDC and 5 mL of PHP-saturated MIBK. Extract for 20 min. Determine Cr(lll)+Cr(VI) in the MIBK layer. * Determination of Cr(VI). Proceed as above except for the addition of 3 mL of 8% PHP and 3 mL of 2% APDC and for the extraction time of 10 mm. * Determination of Cr(III). The value of Cr(III) is obtained as the difference between Cr(Ill) +Cr(VI) and Cr(VI). The concentration of Cr(111) is also determined by the SM-7 ion exchange procedure [1]. In all the above cases, the Cr atomic absorption signal was measured by using the dry/atomize program of 900 'C-30 s (ramp)-30 s (hold)/2500 0 C-O s (ramp)-6 s (hold).","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"307 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Traces of Uranium and Thorium in Microelectronics Constituent Materials","authors":"H. Saisho, M. Tanaka, K. Nakamura, E. Mori","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.092","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical quality control * Sampling ' Valid methods statistics * Sample/data management ' Accountability * Traceability * Automation-LIMS * Terminology and interpretation of datu * Internal quality control * Procedures * Accuracy * Precision * Facilities/personnel * External quality control * Round Robin Studies * Accreditation Statistical process control * Process stability . Purity vs consistency","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"398 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Reference Materials for Trace Element Analysis: What is New?","authors":"J. Versieck, L. Vanballenberghe, A. De Kesel, J. Hoste, B. Wallaeys, J. Vandenhaute","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.060","url":null,"abstract":"In biomedical trace element research, reference materials are a relatively recent development: indeed, Bowen's Kale Powder became available only in the middle of the 1960s, NBS Orchard Leaves (SRM 1571) and NBS Bovine Liver (SRM 1577) in the beginning of the 1970s. In general, when compared to a number of real samples submitted to laboratories for elemental analyses, these reference materials have high or relatively high trace element concentrations. This is probably best illustrated when the levels expected in human blood plasma or serum (matrices which are frequently analyzed both because of their established biomedical importance and their ready availability) are considered. For example, for chromium and manganese, figures are as follows-370 and 14,950 ng/g (in Bowen's Kale Powder), 88 and 10,300 ng/g (in NBS Bovine Liver), and 1.5 and 5.5 ng/g dry weight (in human blood plasma or serum). So, although the above-mentioned, first generation biological reference materials rendered excellent services as a means to check the accuracy and precision of analytical techniques, large numbers of investigators were still largely left to their own devices. Some reference materials are specifically aimed at researchers working on human blood plasma or serum, e.g., NBS Human Serum (SRM 909), Nycomed's Human Serum (STE 105), and National Institute for Environmental Studies' (NIES) (Japan) Freeze-Dried Human Serum. In all three cases, however, it is obvious that the original levels of several elements must have been drastically distorted during the collection and preparation of the","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"318 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Chromatography: From Anions to Metals","authors":"W. F. Koch","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.097","url":null,"abstract":"a vacuum must occur before fragmentation. Recently, detection limits of low picograms in the full scan mode, and low femtograms in the selected-ion mode, were obtained using a coupled SFC-high resolution mass spectrometer system [9]. Sample introduction is the most difficult aspect of trace analysis in SFC. The sampling modes most widely used require splitting of a set volume delivered from a high pressure sample loop. This requires rather highly concentrated samples. Recently, solute focusing methods utilizing a retention gap, analogous to such methods used in capillary gas chromatography, have been applied in capillary SFC [10]. Proper manipulation of pressure and temperature is essential to achieving good chromatographic performance upon injection of large sample volumes. With I-AL injection volumes, sub-ppm concentrations can be detected using an FID, and much greater detection limits can be achieved using more selective detectors.","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"411 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Applications of Chromatography/SIMS","authors":"K. Busch, M. S. Stanley, K. Duffin, J. Dunphy","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"499 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Aspects of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry","authors":"N. Sanderson, P. Charalambous, D. Hall, R. Brown","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.104","url":null,"abstract":"troduction of sufficiently small quantities of compounds such that only simple uncomplicated spectra were observed by the ion mobility spectrometer. Microprocessor-controlled operation of the ion gates in the drift tube permitted both selective and nonselective detection of chromatographic effluent [2] and the Fourier transform method of operation enabled spectra from rapidly eluting capillary chromatographic peaks to be captured \"on the fly\" [3]. It was also found that the linear range of the detector could be extended by the use of a photoionization source [4]. As a GC detector the IMD has been compared to the FID and the ECD for contamination effects [5] and has been applied to the detection of 2,4-D in soils [6] and for the determination of barbiturates [7].","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"426 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical Pitfalls in Contemporary Nuclear Data Analysis","authors":"K. Heydorn","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.124","url":null,"abstract":"[11] Levi-Setti, R., Nucl. Inst. Meth. 168, 139 (1980). [12] Allan, G. L., Zhu, J.. and Legge, G. J. F., Fourth Aust. Conf. on Nucl. Techs. (1985) p. 49. [13] Jamieson, D. N., Coleman, R. A., Allan, G. L., and Legge, G. J. F., ibid p. 1ll. [14] Bbhringer, K., Jousten, K., and Kalbitzer, S., see [9]. [15] Clampipt, R., and Jeffries, D. K., Low Energy Ion Beam Conf., Salford, 1978, no. 38. [16] Read, P. M., Cookson, J. A., and Alton, G. D., Ntcl. Inst. Meth. B24/25, 627 (1987). [17] Read, P. M,, Alton, G. D., and Maskrey, J. T., see [91. [12] Bombelka, E., Richter, F.-W., Ries, H., and Witjen, U., Nucl. Inst Meth. B3, 296 (1984). [19] Campbell, J. L., and Cookson, J. A., Nucl. Inst. Meth. 212, 427 (1983). [20] Clayton, E., Nucl. Inst. Meth. sol, 145 (1987). [21] Rogers, P. S. Z., Duffy, C. J., and Benjamin, T. M., Nucl. Inst. Meth. B22, 133 (1927). [221 L'Ecuyer, 1., Davies, J. A.. and Matsunami, N., Nucl. Inst. Meth. 161, 337 (1979). [23] Ziegler, J. F., Biersack, J. P., and Litmark, U., The Stopping Range of Ions in Solids, Vol. 1 (ed., Ziegler, J. F.), Pergamon Press, New York, 1955. [24] Cohen, C., Davies, J. A., Drigo, A. V., and Jackman, T. E., Nucl Inst. Meth. 218, 147 (1983). [25] Jackman, T. E., Davies, J. A., and Chivers, D. J., Nucl. Inst. Meth. B19/20, 345 (1987). [26] Seah, M. P., David, D., Davies, J. A., Jackman, T. E., Jeynes, C., Ortega, C., Read, P. M., Sofield, C J., and Weber, G., Nuc. Inst. Meth. (1987), to be published.","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"66 1","pages":"479 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71363068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Control in Routine Instrumental Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis of Geological Samples","authors":"M. Lipponen, R. Rosenberg","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.024","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 3. Expected configurations of Youden two-sample charts for lognormal data. [I] Liteanu, C., and Rica, I., Statistical Theory and Methodology of Trace Analysis, Halsted Press, New York, p. 31 (1980). [2] Aitchison, J., and Brown, J. A. C., The Lognormal Distribution, Cambridge University Press, London (1957). [3] Deming, W. E., Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, p. 119 (1982). [4] ACS Committee on Environmental Improvement, Anal. Chem. 55, 2210 (1983). [5] Youden, W. J., and Steiner, E. H., Statistical Manual of the AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, p. 8 (1975). [6] Eckschlager, K., and Stepanek, V., Analytical Measurement and Information, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 73 (1985). [7] Thompson, M., and Howarth, R. J., Analyst 105, 1188 (1980). [8] Horwitz, W., J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem. 66, 1295 (1983). [9] Eckschlager, K., Errors, Measurement and Results in Chemical Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, p. 72 (1969). [10] Janardan, K. G., and Schaeffer, D. J., Anal. Chem. 51, 1024 (1979). [11] Environmental Protection Agency, Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants, Federal Register, 44, 69464-69575 (3 Dec. 1979). [12] Provost, L. P., and Elder, R. S., Statistical Issues in QC for Trace Analysis, presented at 28th Annual Fall Technical Conference, London, Ontario (1984). [13] Horwitz, W., and Albert, R., private communication (1985).","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"224 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71361779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New River Sediment Standard Reference Material","authors":"M. S. Epstein, B. I. Diamondstone, T. Gills, J. Adams","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"234 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71361837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Quantitative Trace Analysis in Industry Today","authors":"B. Bulkin","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.015","url":null,"abstract":"Trace analysis in the industrial analytical laboratory represents a substantial portion of the overall lab workload. This paper will explore some of the kinds of analyses that are done, why they are done, and what the limitations are to our current capabilities. \"Industry\" represents the full diversity of analytical problems, and even within one company, such as BP America, important trace quantitation problems can arise from petroleum products, ceramics, minerals, biological materials, chemicals, catalysts, and, of course, environmental samples relating to all of these. It would be impossible to review all of the trace analytical methods used for such a diverse set of samples, to compare relative merits, or to in any way survey the field of trace analysis in industry. Rather, this paper looks at certain major themes that are driving the entire area, overlapping many techniques in each case. For all of the diversity of quantitative industrial trace analysis, three motivational themes seem to dominate: samples where the trace quantity provides the value to a product; samples where trace species degrade the value of a product; and, samples where trace species represent a potential hazard to human, animal or plant life. In suggesting these categories, and in the subsequent discussion, I am removing from the realm of trace analysis problems in which the analyte is in high concentration but small quantity. For some techniques these may present the same problem as low concentration trace analysis, but increasingly, we find that instrumentation has evolved considerably in the ability to handle small samples. The first category, trace quantities as key to product value, is probably most noticeable in importance today for the electronics industry. While classical chemistry recognized the importance of certain trace elements or compounds, it was the electronics industry, beginning in the earliest days of the transistor and continuing to the present, that turned this into a picoscience. Examples in other aspects of chemistry and materials science abound. Modern heterogeneous catalysts have derived selectivity and activity from trace elements. Metallurgists, ceramists, and polymer scientists can bring about significant improvements in material properties by adding trace quantities of appropriate substances. The analytical challenge here has been considerable. In many cases we are asked to analyze very low levels, with a high degree of quantitation, and on solid phases. It is the latter point that probably has provided the greatest challenges and the most innovative solutions. The triumphs of SIMS, an industrial innovation, despite its being a destructive technique, are to be particularly noted in this field. Many advances have also come from Fourier transform techniques, in NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. Even in such well developed areas as atomic spectroscopy, the introduction of low temperature plasma ashing and acid digestion using sealed Teflon vessels ","PeriodicalId":17082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards","volume":"93 1","pages":"189 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71362115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}