Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Do We Really Need Carbohydrates? A Mini Review on Obesity and Diseases","authors":"H. Abushwereb","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000605","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has become a disease of the age, and there are many innovative methods used to fight obesity, as every new day we find innovations in the world of slimming and weight loss. Obesity known to increase the risk of a number of health disorders such as heart, diabetes and cancer, in addition to reducing people’s life expectancy. It is well known that sugar and carbohydrates in general give energy to the body. Recently, nutrition scientists stating that excess sugar is not burned, and therefore the body does not need it to generate energy, and it is often converted into other natural substances such as fat that accumulate in large quantities in the body. It is considered as the main cause of serious and chronic diseases that harm human life over time. Therefore, to combat this phenomenon, which is obesity, efforts should be intensified with more studies calling for modern diets that focus on reducing refined and harmful carbohydrates without depriving the body of reaching a state of satiety and activity. By prescribing it to lose excessive body weight, reduce diseases and infections that affect the quality of life to reach healthy bodies and minds enjoying vitality and intelligence.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"83 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121257288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Beta-Cell Function and Altered Plasma Levels of GLP-1 During OMTT and Fasting Following Bariatric Surgery in Women with NGT","authors":"Stelia Ntika, Camilla Krizhanovskii, L. Tracy, S. Bringman, P. Lundquist","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000604","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Bariatric surgery can be considered metabolic surgery, with important weight loss-independent effects on metabolism. Altered secretion of the intestinal hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be an important factor in the metabolic success of bariatric surgery. GLP-1 is an important regulator of glucose metabolism, reducing glycemia by regulating insulin and glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and lowering the desire for food intake. A potentiating effect of bariatric surgery on postprandial GLP-1 secretion is well documented and contributes to the increased insulin secretion and sensitivity that precedes weight loss. However, studies on patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) are relatively few, and a clear consensus is still lacking in terms of potential effects of bariatric surgery on fasting GLP-1 levels in obese subjects with NGT. To investigate fasting and postprandial levels of GLP-1 in obese women with NGT before and after bariatric surgery. Design: Plasma GLP-1 was quantified at fasting and during an Oral Meal Tolerance Test (OMTT) in female patients with NGT subjected to Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Insulin resistance was quantified using HOMA-IR, and beta cell function using the Oral Disposition Index (DIo). Setting: This study was performed Patients and participants: Eleven female patients aged 18-65 years with a BMI≥40 kg/m 2 and NGT were included. Exclusion criteria were T2D (based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2014)), prior GLP-1 based therapy or insulin therapy, and history of substance abuse (drugs or alcohol). Main outcome measures: Outcome measures were fasting and OMTT plasma levels of insulin and GLP-1. Results: Fasting GLP-1 levels were decreased 3 months postoperatively compared to baseline (12.3±1.5 vs. 20.1±3.4 pmol/L, p=0.05). Meal-stimulated GLP-1 secretion was significantly increased 3 months postoperatively in association with increased insulin sensitivity and enhanced beta cell function. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery reduces fasting plasma GLP-1 levels, while significantly increasing meal-stimulated plasma GLP-1 levels, in obese women with NGT.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in Diabetes Management","authors":"N. Lagopati","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000603","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is a scientific and technological combination, integrating various fields, such as physics [1], chemistry [2], biotechnology and engineering [3]. It is considered as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers [4]. The interesting potential of nanotechnology, due to the special properties of nanomaterials, leads to a great number of applications, which are developed in order to improve the quality of life [5]. Nanomedicine is a specialized branch of medicine that applies the fundamentals of nanotechnology to the prevention and/or the treatment of various diseases [6]. Thus, nanomedicine involves the utilization of nanostructured materials for diagnosis, delivery, detection or actuation purposes in a living organism [7]. There are numerous companies specializing in the fabrication of new forms of nanosized matter, with anticipated applications that include medical therapeutics and diagnostics, energy production, molecular computing and structural materials [4,8]. Nanotechnology can enhance drug delivery to those areas which were unfavorable for macromolecules to approach [9]. Furthermore, it offers new implantable sensing technologies, providing accurate medical information [10]. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis and treatment, dental applications and development of bone implants are among the most famous applications of nanomedicine [11-16]. Diabetes is considered to be among the major afflictions of modern western society. Recent studies demonstrated that around approximately 9.3 percent of the global adult population suffered from diabetes in 2019 [17]. According to mathematical models, based on clinical data, by the year 2045, this percentage is expected to rise to almost 11 percent [17,18]. Diabetes is typically characterized by increased thirst, excessive weight loss or excessive desire to eat, increased urge for urination and thus resulting in abnormal increase in blood glucose level [19,20]. It is classified as Type 1, Type 2 or gestational diabetes mellitus, depending on the reason for high blood sugar [19-21]. In type 1-diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin due to loss of β-cells, as a result of T-cell mediated autoimmune attack [22]. The common approach of this condition is a prescribed insulin replacement therapy, including injections of long-acting insulin at mealtimes [23]. An insulin-resistance combined with insulin deficiency Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Review Article","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126796246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyruvate May be a Novel Intervention of Diabetes","authors":"Fang-Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000602","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in pyruvate studies indicate that pyruvate may be a novel therapy in care of diabetes and its organ complications. The major action of pyruvate protection against diabetes may be in rejuvenation of glucose oxidation by preserving glycolysis and reactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reversing the Warburg effect in diabetic glucometabolic disorders. Pyruvate preservation of glucose metabolism plus its beneficial effects, such as anti-hypoxia, -oxidative stress, -acidosis, -apoptosis and -advanced glycation end products and stimulation of insulin secretion, may turn diabetic vicious circle virtuous in initiation and development of diabetic process. This review proposed a novel opinion focused on pyruvate superior biomedical and pharmacological properties in diabetes treatment and experimental and clinical evidence of pyruvate intervention in diabetes. The novel pyruvate modified oral rehydration salt (Pyr-ORS), based on WHO-ORS, may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in a large population. Further studies and clinical trials are urgently required.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"45 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122948813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Obesity: A Perspective on Compromises in Immunity, Cardiovascular Health, Metabolic Health of Children and Preventive Strategies","authors":"R. K. Venkata, Srinivasan Mv","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000601","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of excessive body fat percentage in the body than the normal proportion may be considered as obesity. The measure of Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered still as the population parameter to specify the overweight and obesity. The advent of several advanced scientific methods like Bio-impedance electrical technology etc. are able to measure the body composition more precisely and now the understanding on the obesity is more specific. Childhood obesity measure is not universal as there are several exogenous and endogenous causes for childhood obesity. The possibility of obese children grow into obese adults is more and may lead for health disaster for countries high with childhood obesity. The spread of childhood obesity seems very severe, alarming and epidemic like, the countries like Canada, USA, China, India etc. are facing this problem more severely. Increasing physical inactivity, aberrant food habits like eating junk and processed foods are the biggest factors that are causing the childhood obesity across the globe. Epigenetic studies are also indicating that the childhood obesity is mostly due to the exogenous factors of lifestyle than endogenous factors. Effective strategies to counter the childhood obesity need to be implemented with immediate effect to mitigate the economic cost and also to alleviate the misery from the premature deaths of young people. Encouragement to recognize aesthetics in daily life among children is an effective strategy to offset the childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134420316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Possible Correlation between Obesity, Covid-19 and Vitamin D","authors":"C. Finelli","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000599","url":null,"abstract":"obesity on lockdown in of in the","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inter-Relation between Solitary Kidney and Diabetes Mellitus-What Patterns are Known?","authors":"F. Gadalean, O. Milas, A. Schiller, C. Gluhovschi, A. Mihăescu, F. Bob, L. Petrica","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000597","url":null,"abstract":"Florica Gadalean1,2,3,4, Oana Milas1,2,3,4*, Adalbert Schiller1,2,3,4, Cristina Gluhovschi1,2,3,4, Adelina Mihaescu1,2,3,4, Flaviu Bob1,2,3,4 and Ligia Petrica1,2,3,4,5,6 1Dept. of Nephrology, 2‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania 3County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania 4Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Romania 5Center for translational Research and Systems Medicine, Romania 6Center for Cognitive Research in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease,Romania","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129541481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacologic Weight Loss: An Underutilized Practice in the Fight Against Obesity","authors":"M. Rizo, I. AguasCabralM, M. Howard","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000596","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is considered one of the most contemporary threats to non-communicable disease such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and even some types of cancers. Its worldwide prevalence has nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were categorized as overweight, and of these over 650 million adults were obese. However, Weight management medications (WMM) are currently underutilized as an adjunct to behavioral and lifestyle interventions. By way of example, only 2% of eligible veterans received prescriptions for pharmacologic weight loss in the 2014-2015 fiscal years, and up to 1% of obese U.S. individuals filled a prescription for a WMM between 2009-2013. There are currently five FDA-approved medications for long-term weight loss medications. We analyzed 24 randomized clinical trials of the five drugs and interpreted findings. Of those 24, lorcaserin (Belviq®), naltrexone and bupropion (Contrave®), and phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia®) had four studies each, while liraglutide (Saxenda®), and orlistat (Xenical®) had six studies each. Underutilization of pharmacologic weight corrective therapies that have been statistically and clinically proven to be valuable tools in reducing obesity and its related risk factors. Studies of the five FDA-approved drugs have demonstrated clinically significant positive effects on weight loss with differing effects on both cardiovascular and glycemic markers/risk factors.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Plants Used in Cameroon with a Potential of Endogenous Renewal Pancreatic ß-Cells Important in the Management of Diabetes","authors":"T. Nolé","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2021.04.000595","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic metabolic, genetic and environmental worldwide disease characterized by hyperglycemia. This high blood glucose concentration is due to insufficient synthesis of endogenous insulin by the pancreas beta cells for the type-1 diabetes, or impaired insulin production and/or activity for type-2 diabetes [1]. So type-1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease due to the destruction of T-cell mediated located in the pancreas beta cells. Yet type-2 diabetes is characterized by a development of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. These two metabolic disorders are strongly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle [2,3]. In many developing countries diabetes was considered as a disease of wealth countries. That is why three decades ago, undiagnosed diabetic patients perished, killed by this insipid and complicated pathology [4,5]. Face to this undesirable situation many scientific, administrative and social efforts were done in Cameroon to combat diabetes. The recrudescence of the prevalence of diabetes, especially amongst towns’ dwellers, the over expensive cost and the long duration of treatment oblige Cameroonians through local therapists to utilize medicinal plants to fight this symptomatic disease. The plants used were selected amongst medicinal plants which were used from centuries for the treatment of various human ailments. Herbal preparations because of its cost effective, safety and substitution for the treatment of diseases are also strongly used for diabetes mellitus [6]. The purpose of the present article is to identify from medicinal plants published by Cameroonians those which Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Research Article","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prader Willi Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Nutritional Education to Prevent Obesity","authors":"A. Franzese","doi":"10.31031/IOD.2020.04.000594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/IOD.2020.04.000594","url":null,"abstract":"Prader Willi syndrome is the most common cause of syndromic obesity. Obesity and its complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to prevent the onset of obesity since, once it has arisen, it is difficult to maintain the control of food intake. Unfortunately, preventing obesity in PWS patients still remains a difficult goal to achieve and requires constant supervision of the caregivers through behavioral interventions implemented from the earliest stages of life, when the PWS patient has not yet expressed compulsive eating-related traits. Aim of this paper is to focus on the different experiences and recommendations on dietary approach in literature, including that of our Center. Early diagnosis and nutritional treatment, an accurate follow-up, but also the social background, are important elements in the patient future management.","PeriodicalId":170669,"journal":{"name":"Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129986837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}