Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mineral-Solubilizing Microbial Inoculums Promote Robinia Pseudoacacia L. Growth By Optimizing Rhizospheric Soil Microbial Community Structure","authors":"Zhaohui Jia, Chong Li, Shilin Ma, Xin Liu, Miaojing Meng, Xuefei Cheng, Hui Nie, Jinchi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01965-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01965-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculums is a biological strategy used for the restoration of vegetation at rock mining sites. These inoculums improve soil fertility, enhance plant growth, and accelerate soil weathering. However, their impacts on rhizospheric soil microbial communities are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate how various mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculums affected the root systems of <i>R. pseudoacacia</i>. A pot experiment was conducted, and 32 samples were extracted from four different mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculum treatments to investigate the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizospheres of <i>R. pseudoacacia</i>. The results showed that the impacts of the inoculums on fungal community structures surpassed those of the bacterial communities. The relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> increased, which was strongly correlated with root nodulation. Interestingly, the inoculums significantly influenced the diversity and evenness of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soil. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Zoopagomycota</i>, soil enzyme activities, and plant growth. RDA analysis indicated that the relative abundance of these bacterial and fungal phyla positively influenced root nodulation. This study suggests that the application of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculums optimizes the rhizospheric soil microbial community structure, promotes <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> root nodulation, and enhance the nitrogen fixation capacities of plants. Further, it provides a theoretical foundation for the application of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculums for slope ecological restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting Soybean and Flaxseed Meal Byproducts as Safe Weed Management Approaches in Onion Field","authors":"Mona A. El-Wakeel, Ibrahim M. El-Metwally, Salah A. A. Ahmed, Engy M. Akl","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01948-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01948-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intensive and repeated use of chemical herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, which, in addition to their environmental impacts, also pose significant threats to human and animal health. This study aimed to explore the potential of oilseed industrial wastes, specifically soybean and flaxseed meals, as safe and environmentally friendly bioherbicides for controlling weeds associated with onion crops. Two field experiments were conducted along two successive winter of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Treatments involved foliar spray of soybean and flaxseed meals in three different concentrations (15, 30 and 45%), mulching of seed meals, oxyfluorfen herbicide, two hand hoeing and untreated weedy check. The findings demonstrated that all weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake. Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control, showing minimal significant differences among them. Following these effective treatments, soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check. The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments, with no significant differences between them. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of both meals identified various phenolic acids at different concentrations. Practically, these safe efficient treatments proved progress on chemical herbicide. Hence, onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides under all experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of miR166 in Response to Root Rhizobacteria Enhances Drought Adaptive Efficacy by Targeting HD-ZIP III Family Genes in Chickpea","authors":"Ankita Yadav, Sanoj Kumar, Rita Verma, Shiv Narayan, Uma Gupta, Charu Lata, Shashi Pandey Rai, Indraneel Sanyal","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01957-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01957-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the transgenic approach, the current study investigated the tripartite interaction of miRNA166, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), and chickpea crops in response to drought. miR166, an evolutionarily conserved small RNA, was cloned and transformed in a homologous manner. This C<i>ar</i>-miR166 is reported in our previous research to have drought-enduring roles in response to microbial candidates. A <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> strain RA (MTCC5279) is used as a PGPR for the whole study. The overexpressed lines generated using tissue-culture practice were functionally validated with physiological parameters studied using Li-Cor 6400XT, including photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, water-use efficiency, and electron transport rate. We also studied the relative water content of the overexpressed lines in comparison to treated control plants. In biochemical methods, we studied the accumulation of proline, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, H₂O₂ and lipid peroxidation levels. miR166 has its target as ATHB15 (Homeobox-leucine zipper protein-15) validated using 5’ RNA Ligase-Mediated Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RLM-RACE) experiment. At the molecular levels, we carried out the stem-loop quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis of miR166 and the expression analysis of ATHB15 in transgenic lines. As per our study, the results reported that the transgenic lines showed a positive interaction of miR166 with PGPR, resulting in drought stress mitigation and better plant survival in harsh drought conditions. In conclusion, the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular expression levels of C<i>ar</i>-miR166 (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) in transgenic lines in response to PGPR support enhanced growth and development in response to PGPR in transgenic lines under drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Potassium Iodate in Mitigating the Damages of Water Deficit in Coffee Plants","authors":"Otávio Vitor Souza Andrade, Jucelino de Sousa Lima, Taís Teixeira das Neves, Everton Geraldo de Morais, Pedro Antônio Namorato Benevenute, Leônidas Canuto dos Santos, Vitor L. Nascimento, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01939-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01939-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water deficit impacts plant growth and development, causing physiological disturbances that trigger oxidative stress. As an alternative, exogenous application of a sort of molecule can minimize these damages and reduce productivity losses. The iodine (I) supplementation has shown considerable benefits to stressed plants. Nevertheless, there are no results about I mitigating the water deficit stress in coffee plants. Coffee plants were grown in 10-L pots arranged wholly randomized. Four doses of potassium iodate (KIO₃) were tested: 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg dm⁻³ of soil, then the plants were subjected to water deficit and compared to treatments with no KIO₃ and water deficit (Control). The water deficit damaged biomass and relative growth of the coffee plant. However, the application of 2.5 mg dm⁻³ of KIO₃ attenuated some symptoms, increasing: photosynthetic efficiency, relative water content, water deficit tolerance index, content of photosynthetic pigments, and compatible osmolytes. In addition, we observed the stimulation of the antioxidant enzymatic system, allowing higher cell membrane stability. Doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg dm⁻³ of KIO₃, in spite of induced higher activation of the antioxidant system it was observed a possible toxicity effect due to excess KIO₃. The application of 2.5 mg dm⁻³ KIO₃ via soil can modulate metabolic and biochemical processes, allowing an improvement in the growth and development of coffee plants subjected to water deficit, suggesting that it could serve as a viable strategy for managing coffee plants under drought conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Silicon and Salicylic Acid Applications Enhance Growth, Yield, and Physiological Traits of Cotton Plants under Drought Stress","authors":"Khalequzzaman, Hayat Ullah, Sushil Kumar Himanshu, Pedro García‐Caparrós, Patchara Praseartkul, Rujira Tisarum, Suriyan Cha-um, Avishek Datta","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01952-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01952-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress has become a highly detrimental environmental factor that poses significant threats to sustainable cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) production necessitating the implementation of appropriate measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress in the cotton production system. Silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) applications can benefit cotton yield under environmental stress conditions, including drought. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the individual and combined applications of Si and SA influence growth, yield, and physiological responses of cotton plants subjected to drought stress. A polyhouse experiment, arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications, comprising six Si and SA treatments (control, 60 kg ha^–1 Si applied as a soil drench, 1 mM Si applied as a seed priming material, 1 mM SA applied as a foliar spray, 60 kg ha^–1 Si applied as a soil drench + 1 mM SA applied as a foliar spray, and seed priming with 1 mM Si + foliar spray of 1 mM SA) along with three soil moisture levels (100% field capacity [FC], 75% FC, and 50% FC) was conducted. A decrease in soil moisture level from 100 to 50% FC reduced growth (plant height by 18–26%, shoot dry matter by 46–53%, and root dry matter by 27–43%), seed cotton yield (45–55%), irrigation water productivity (41–54%), and physiological response (leaf relative water content by 11–17%, membrane stability index by 44–55%, and up to 102% increase in electrolyte leakage) of cotton plants across Si and SA doses. Among Si and SA doses, a combined application of seed priming with 1 mM Si + foliar spray of 1 mM SA outperformed all other doses and caused an increase of 14–20% in plant height, 78–99% in root dry matter, 24–76% in seed cotton yield, 22–60% in irrigation water productivity, 9–14% in ginning outturn, and 40–94% in membrane stability index across different soil moisture levels. A combined application of Si at 1 mM as a seed priming material and SA at 1 mM as a foliar spray is recommended for cotton cultivation in drought-affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Systematic Review with Meta-analysis Shows Responses of Forest Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Single Nitrogen, Single Phosphorus, or Interactive Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition","authors":"Shijia Wang, Yafen Guo, Xiaoyang Cui, Sicheng Du","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01945-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01945-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition influences primary forest soil properties related to C and N dynamics, which may significantly affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We examined how the fertilization pattern and variation in soil in forest types can affect GHG emissions. We conducted a global systematic review of 66 publications on GHG emissions, pH, and C and N soil properties to examine the mechanisms underlying GHG emissions under N, P, and N×P additions in diverse forest ecosystems. The results of our meta-analysis showed that N and N×P addition considerably promote nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in tropical forests, and P addition insignificantly decreased N₂O emissions. N addition and P addition inhibit CO₂ emissions in subtropical forests, which contributes to C storage, although the latter effect was nonsignificant, and P addition increases C dioxide emissions in tropical forests. Moreover, additions of N and N×P promote and inhibit overall methane uptake in the variety of forests studied, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that the form, rate, duration, and N: P ratio of fertilization and the mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature are influential variables affecting GHG emissions from forests under the various fertilizer additions. Our results highlight that when accurately predicting the effect of N and P deposition on soil GHG emissions, the characteristics of different forest types should be synthetically considered, such as experimental conditions, environmental variables, and soil properties. These results advance the understanding of the responding mechanism of soil GHG emissions in forests to different N and P addition models.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Selenium: A Green Promising Approach against Abiotic Stresses in Plants","authors":"Mariam Fatima, Asia Maqbool, Rehana Sardar, Muhammad Faisal Maqsood, Usman Zulfiqar","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01956-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01956-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanotechnology is an emerging and innovative field with potential to sustain agriculture against abiotic stress. Various nanoparticles with ultrafine structure and size range of 1–100 nm used in promoting crop production. Earlier studies have demonstrated that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) help plants to endure abiotic induced growth inhibition. SeNPs can be synthesized by different methods such as physical, chemical and biological. However biosynthesized SeNP are cost effective, biocompatible and nontoxic in nature and can be used as an alternative approach compare to conventional in controlling abiotic stress induce problems in plants. This review focus on classification of nanoparticles, mechanism and biological synthesis of SeNPs, application methods and action potential on the growth, development and immune responses of plant. It aims to elucidate its effects on plants under salinity, heavy metals, drought and cold stresses and to find its effects on plant genomics. The effects, translocation and accumulation of SeNPs have been documented at various developmental stages of plant growth and metabolism depending on plant physiology, particle size and stress severity. It also discusses the applications of SeNPs on abiotic stresses susceptible plants. We have concluded that SeNPs via different modes of applications have promising effect in promoting plant growth and yield by improving germination of seeds and seedling growth, enhancing antioxidant enzymatic activity, reducing oxidative damage, regulating molecular responses, inducing photosynthetic efficiency and activating genes to resist against stresses. We emphasize that further research is needed to interpret the involvement of physiological and morphological mechanisms activation by nanoparticles implications against environmental stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castor Bean Meal Fertilizer Improves Peanut Yield and Quality by Regulating the Soil Physicochemical Environment and Soil Enzyme Activities","authors":"Mingjing Li, Rui Luo, Mingda Yin, Zhiyan Wang, Zhimin Su, Xiaohui Gu, Xuemei Hu, Chi Zhang, Fenglan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01863-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01863-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Fertilization is important for improving crop yield and soil quality. Elucidation of the effects of castor bean meal (CBM) fertilizer on peanut yield and quality and soil fertility can lead to additional fertilization options for peanut and provide a theoretical reference for achieving a high-quality, high-yielding peanut.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>During 2022–2023, a two-year long-term field experiment was conducted in Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia, China. No fertilizer (CK) was used as the control, and the effects of different treatments, i.e., CBM fertilizer (B1: 2520 kg ha^-1, B2: 5040 kg ha^-1, and B3: 10,080 kg ha^-1), chemical fertilizer alone (F1: 175 kg ha^-1, F2: 350 kg ha^-1, and F3: 700 kg ha^-1), and cow manure alone (N1: 3724 kg ha^-1, N2: 7448 kg ha^-1, and N3: 14,896 kg ha^-1) on peanut yield and quality and soil fertility were investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that CBM fertilizer application improved soil ecology. Compared with other fertilization treatments, the soil pH of B3 treatment decreased by 8.5%, but significantly increased the contents of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), basic phosphorus (AP) and rapidly available potassium (AK) in the soil, which increased by 86.4%, 64.6%, 70.5%, 11.3%, 75.8%, 150.1%, and 116.2%, respectively, compared with CK. Meanwhile, B1, B2, N1 and N2 treatments also led to the elevation of the above indexes. In addition, the activities of urease (URE), sucrase (SUC), phosphatase (PPL), catalase (CAT), amylase (AMY) and protease (PRO) in the B3 treatment were significantly greater than those in the other fertilization treatments, with increases of 256.4%, 248.4%, 68.2%, 96.8%, 267.3%, and 155.7%, respectively, compared with CK. The B3 treatment also significantly increased the rootlet length(PRL), number of branches(BN), plant height(PLH) and lateral branch length(LBL) of the peanut plants. Compared with the other treatments, the B3 treatment had a greater peanut yields, reaching 8059.5 kg ha^-1 and 9935.7 kg ha^-1 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compared with the other treatments, the B1 treatment significantly increased the contents of protein (Pro), fat (FAT), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and vitamin E (VE), which increased by 23.3%, 6.1%, 1.0%, 29.1%, respectively, compared with CK, but the total sugar (TS) content was reduced by 9.1%. Correlation analysis further confirmed that peanut yield and quality were significantly correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study showed that the application of CBM fertilizer has certain positive effects. For example, the B3 treatment has certain potenti","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan and its Nanoform Regulates Physiological Processes and Antioxidant Mechanisms to Improve Drought Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba Plant","authors":"Mona Gergis Dawood, Mohamed El-sayed El-Awadi, Mervat Shamoon Sadak","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01934-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01934-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Purpose: Drought stress is an important challenge to global food security and agricultural output. Dramatic and quick climate change has made the problem worse. It caused unexpected impacts on the growth, development, and yield of different plants. Hence, the ultimate yield does not fulfill the required demand. Understanding the biochemical, ecological, and physiological reactions to these pressures is essential for improved management. Chitosan applications have a wide prospect of addressing abiotic issues. Moreover, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles have a positive impact on increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress, like drought stress. The current research investigated the consequences of drought stress on the morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of <i>Vicia faba</i> plants, a comparison of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles, and their ameliorating capacity towards drought stress. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial role of either chitosan (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 gL^− 1) or chitosan NPs (10, 20, and 30 mgL^− 1) in inducing the <i>Vicia faba</i> tolerance to drought stress (60% water field capacity). Results: Drought stress significantly affected vegetative growth parameters of the shoot system, photosynthetic pigments, and indole acetic acid, accompanied by significant increases in vegetative growth parameters of the root system, some chemical composition of dry leaf tissues (total soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, phenolic compound, glutathione, α tocopherol), hydrogen peroxide, malonialdehyde, lipoxygenase, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase). All applied treatments. chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles, at all concentrations, improved plant tolerance to drought stress via increasing vegetative growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, total soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, phenolic compound, glutathione, α tocopherol, and antioxidant enzyme activities, accompanied by decreases in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and lipoxygenase enzyme. It is worthy to mention that 20 mgL^− 1 chitosan nanoparticles was the most optimal treatment either under well water conditions (90% water field capacity) or drought stress conditions (60% water field capacity). Moreover, it is obvious from these results that the response of bean plants grown under well watered conditions was more pronounced than that of those plants grown under drought stress conditions to 20 mgL^− 1 chitosan nanoparticles. Conclusions: Hence, it can be concluded that chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles can mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress by improving the photosybthetic pigments, endogenous indole acetic acid, and osmolyte contents, as well as the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant compounds of the <i>Vicia faba</i> plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Straw and Nitrogenous Fertilizers on the Soil Aggregate Stability and Quality in Subtropical Regions of China","authors":"Jia Yi Yang, Shahbaz Atta Tung, Jin Ting Xu, Yan Qiong Pan, Li Yang, Xun Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42729-024-01955-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01955-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To optimize the utilization of straw resources and devise appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application strategies, this study centers on enhancing soil productivity while boosting double-season maize yield in Guangxi, ultimately aiming to foster sustainable agricultural development while pursuing yield. It was a five-year split-plot study where the main plots were straw return and traditional planting treatments, and the subscript were 0 and 250 kg ha^− 1 N fertilizer applications. The soil physicochemical property were determined in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil depth. Furthermore, soil samples were fractionated into different size aggregates, followed by a measurement of aggregate distribution and nutrient content. Our findings revealed a distribution trend of large macro-aggregates (&gt; 2000 μm) &gt; small macro-aggregates (250–2000 μm) &gt; micro-aggregates (53–250 μm), with a notably small proportion of aggregates &lt; 0.053 μm. Specifically, 250 kg ha^− 1 nitrogen application under straw return (SRN250) demonstrated an enhancement in soil aggregate organic carbon (SOC) content, leading to improved soil physical attributes and stability within the 0–40 cm soil depth. Changes in aggregate total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium were predominantly observed in the 0–20 cm soil depth. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between SOC and aggregate stability. The experimental results show that the SRN250 management practice can not only increase maize yields but also enhance the soil fertility within five years. Additionally, the study highlights the crucial role of SOC content in facilitating aggregate formation and increasing large macro-aggregates distribution, indicating the importance of maintaining SOC content for soil health and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}