{"title":"Conversation and the evolution of metacognition","authors":"Ronald J. Planer","doi":"10.1075/elt.00047.pla","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00047.pla","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While the term “metacognition” is sometimes used to refer to any form of thinking about thinking, in cognitive\u0000 psychology, it is typically reserved for thinking about one’s own thinking, as opposed to thinking about others’ thinking. How\u0000 metacognition in this more specific sense relates to other-directed mindreading is one of the main theoretical issues debated in\u0000 the literature. This article considers the idea that we make use of the same or a largely similar package of resources in\u0000 conceptually interpreting our own mind as we do in interpreting others’. I assume that a capacity for other-directed mindreading\u0000 is minimally shared with our great-ape relatives, but I argue that the architecture of this system had to be substantially\u0000 modified before it could efficiently and adaptively be turned inwards on one’s own mind. I contend that an important piece of the\u0000 overall evolutionary explanation here likely concerns selection pressures arising from the domain of conversational interaction.\u0000 Specifically, drawing on work carried out in the human interaction studies tradition (e.g., conversation analysis), I argue that\u0000 the smooth to-and-fro of conversational interaction can be seen to heavily depend on metacommunicative capacities, which, in turn,\u0000 are underpinned by metacognitive capacities. I conclude with a thumbnail sketch of an evolutionary account of the emergence of\u0000 these metacognitive capacities in the human line. Their appearance and spread – whether via genes, cultural learning, or more\u0000 likely, some combination of the two – helps to explain the transition from great-ape communication to human conversation.","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114259660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Millikan’s consistency testers and the cultural evolution of concepts","authors":"N. Shea","doi":"10.1075/elt.00048.she","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00048.she","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ruth Millikan has hypothesised that human cognition contains ‘consistency testers’. Consistency testers check\u0000 whether different judgements a thinker makes about the same subject matter agree or conflict. Millikan’s suggestion is that, where\u0000 the same concept has been applied to the world via two routes, and the two judgements that result are found to be inconsistent,\u0000 that makes the thinker less inclined to apply those concepts in those ways in the future.\u0000 If human cognition does indeed include such a capacity, its operation will be an important determinant of how\u0000 people use concepts. It will have a major impact on which concepts they deploy and which means of application (conceptions) they\u0000 rely on. Since consistency testers are a selection mechanism at the heart of conceptual thinking, they would be crucial to\u0000 understanding how concepts are selected – why some are retained and proliferate and others die out. Hence, whether consistency\u0000 testers for concepts exist, and how they operate, is an important question for those seeking to understand the cultural evolution\u0000 of concepts, and of the words we use to express them.","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127461059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What can metacognition teach us about the evolution of communication?","authors":"J. Proust","doi":"10.1075/elt.00045.pro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00045.pro","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124896389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Informational communication and metacognition","authors":"J. Proust","doi":"10.1075/elt.00046.pro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00046.pro","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Procedural metacognition is the set of affect-based mechanisms allowing agents to regulate cognitive actions like\u0000 perceptual discrimination, memory retrieval or problem solving. This article proposes that procedural metacognition has had a\u0000 major role in the evolution of communication. A plausible hypothesis is that, under pressure for maximizing signalling efficiency,\u0000 the metacognitive abilities used by nonhumans to regulate their perception and their memory have been re-used to regulate their\u0000 communication. On this view, detecting one’s production errors in signalling, or solving species-specific trade-offs between\u0000 informativeness, processing effort, clarity, or urgency depend on a form of procedural metacognition, called “metacommunication”.\u0000 How does this view relate to Gricean theories of human communication? A parallel between procedural trade-offs and conversational\u0000 maxims is discussed for its evolutionary implications. Rather than accepting radically discontinuist interpretations, in which\u0000 mindreading operates a full reorganization of pragmatics, it is proposed that procedural forms of regulation are entrenched in all\u0000 forms of human communication. According to contextual demands, humans adopt and monitor more or less demanding informational\u0000 goals, such as factual updating, clarifying, explaining, proving, and reaching consensus in collective matters. Under time\u0000 pressure, only part of these goals require adopting others’ viewpoint. Efficiency in collective decision-making, in particular,\u0000 might have been considerably raised by an ability to interpret others’ intentions and motivations.","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Boeckx (2021): Reflections on Language Evolution: From Minimalism to Pluralism","authors":"Gabriele Ganau","doi":"10.1075/elt.00044.gan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00044.gan","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cycle in language change","authors":"M. Tagliani, S. Rabanus","doi":"10.1075/elt.00042.tag","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00042.tag","url":null,"abstract":"Language change can be conceptualized as a cyclical process of continuous renewal of the involved elements which somehow change their nature, with respect to phonological or lexico-grammatical features. A crucial aspect of such diachronic evolution is that cyclical change takes place systematically and follows regular and unidirectional patterns of development. Once the change is complete, the same developmental path will be undertaken by new linguistic items in the same cyclical fashion. In this paper, we illustrate the concept of cyclical change by discussing two examples of linguistic cycles. A first instance of cyclical development is displayed at the phonological level by the diachronic changes in the obstruent consonant system taking place from Indo-European to German through the First and the Second Sound Shift: the cycle is completed in the Cimbrian dialects. A second instance is provided by the diachronic process known as Jespersen’s cycle ([1917] 1966): sentential negation, initially expressed through a single negative marker, is later reinforced by an additional one; eventually, this second element becomes the only negative marker available in the sentence while the original marker is deleted. The discussion of the negative cycle takes also into consideration the results of an empirical research conducted on two varieties of an Italo-Romance dialect spoken in northern Italy.","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129875172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inside names","authors":"D. Delfitto, Gaetano Fiorin","doi":"10.1075/elt.00041.del","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00041.del","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this contribution, we offer a contextualist analysis of names whereby a name N is used as a felicitous\u0000 referential term in all and only those contexts of utterance in which N is intended to refer to a unique referent by all cognitive\u0000 agents that are relevant in the context. This analysis has important across-the-board virtues. It reduces the distance between\u0000 common nouns and names, under the insight that names are a highly specific case of a more general phenomenon consisting in the\u0000 pragmatic modulation of the meaning of common nouns. It successfully ties to an important body of syntactic evidence, and\u0000 contributes to elucidate, in an original and productive manner, many of the unsolved issues concerning the syntactic structure of\u0000 (complex) names. Finally, it makes a number of philosophical puzzles virtually dissolve without giving up rigid reference for\u0000 names, but crucially suggesting that the causal theory of reference becomes far-fetched once the linguistic structure of names and\u0000 their actual use in language and cognition have been carefully evaluated.","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Verhagen (2021): Ten Lectures on Cognitive Evolutionary Linguistics","authors":"A. Lasch","doi":"10.1075/elt.00043.las","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.00043.las","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114418001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formal Language Theory and its Relevance for Linguistic Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/elt.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127127918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexical Issues in the Architecture of the Language Faculty","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/elt.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/elt.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170314,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Linguistic Theory","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115492604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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