信息交流与元认知

J. Proust
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引用次数: 0

摘要

程序性元认知是一套基于情感的机制,允许主体调节认知行为,如知觉辨别、记忆检索或问题解决。本文认为程序性元认知在交际进化过程中起着重要作用。一个合理的假设是,在最大化信号效率的压力下,非人类用来调节感知和记忆的元认知能力被重新用于调节他们的沟通。根据这一观点,检测一个人在信号中产生的错误,或解决物种特有的信息性、处理努力、清晰度或紧迫性之间的权衡,取决于一种称为“元沟通”的程序性元认知形式。这一观点与古希腊的人类交流理论有何关系?程序权衡和会话准则之间的平行关系讨论了其进化意义。而不是接受根本的不连续性解释,其中读心术操作语用学的完全重组,提出程序形式的规则是根深蒂固的,在所有形式的人类交流。根据上下文需求,人类采用和监控或多或少要求的信息目标,如事实更新、澄清、解释、证明和在集体事务中达成共识。在时间紧迫的情况下,这些目标只有一部分需要采纳他人的观点。特别是集体决策的效率可能会因为能够解释他人的意图和动机而大大提高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Informational communication and metacognition
Procedural metacognition is the set of affect-based mechanisms allowing agents to regulate cognitive actions like perceptual discrimination, memory retrieval or problem solving. This article proposes that procedural metacognition has had a major role in the evolution of communication. A plausible hypothesis is that, under pressure for maximizing signalling efficiency, the metacognitive abilities used by nonhumans to regulate their perception and their memory have been re-used to regulate their communication. On this view, detecting one’s production errors in signalling, or solving species-specific trade-offs between informativeness, processing effort, clarity, or urgency depend on a form of procedural metacognition, called “metacommunication”. How does this view relate to Gricean theories of human communication? A parallel between procedural trade-offs and conversational maxims is discussed for its evolutionary implications. Rather than accepting radically discontinuist interpretations, in which mindreading operates a full reorganization of pragmatics, it is proposed that procedural forms of regulation are entrenched in all forms of human communication. According to contextual demands, humans adopt and monitor more or less demanding informational goals, such as factual updating, clarifying, explaining, proving, and reaching consensus in collective matters. Under time pressure, only part of these goals require adopting others’ viewpoint. Efficiency in collective decision-making, in particular, might have been considerably raised by an ability to interpret others’ intentions and motivations.
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