Journal of Vegetable Crop Production最新文献

{"title":"Insecticide and Fungicide Combinations to Optimize Control of Onion Maggot (Delia antiqua) and Onion Smut (Urocystis cepulae) in Ontario","authors":"C. Hoepting, C. Scott-dupree, C. R. Harris, M. R. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1300/J068V09N02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V09N02_07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Changes in pesticide availability require that new compounds be tested for their efficacy in control of pests and pathogens on important vegetable crops. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of combinations of the insecticides LORSBAN® 15G (chlorpyrifos), GOVERNOR® 75WP (cyromazine), AZTEC® 2/0.1G (phosetbupirin + cyfluthrin) and REGENT® 80WG (fipronil), and the fungicides PRO-GRO® 30/50D (carbathiin + thiram), DITHANE DG® 75G (mancozeb), and PRO-GRO + DITHANE DG for control of onion maggot (Delia antiqua) and onion smut (Urocystis cepulae) in onions grown on muck soils in Ontario. Seed and granular in-furrow treatments were tested. Insecticide and fungicide efficacy varied depending on the pesticide combination. Effective control of both onion maggot (91–98%) and onion smut (57–100%) was achieved with insecticide treatments in combination with PRO-GRO + DITHANE DG. GOVERNOR and REGENT seed treatments provided the best onion maggot control. The best onion smut control was achieved with PRO-GRO seed treatment + granular in-furrow applications of DITHANE DG and LORSBAN. The results suggested that LORSBAN has fungistatic properties.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127592804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilization Timing and Rate on Yield of Onion","authors":"J. Rumpel, S. Kaniszewski, J. Dyśko","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n02_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n02_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is insufficient information on the effects of drip irrigation and drip fertigation with nitrogen on growth and development of onions. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using these techniques in connection with fertilization, where nitrogen is split into preplant and side-dress application, that is used in onion (Allium cepa L.) production. Yield of spring sown onion (cvs. Riviera F1 and Utopia F1 in 1999 and cv. Riviera F1 only in 2000), were investigated in field experiments on a sandy-loam soil. Nitrogen fertilization consisted of a preplant application of 50 kg·ha−1 N incorporated in all treatments, and a side-dress application of: (1) 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form without irrigation, (2) 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form plus drip irrigation, or (3) 50, or (4) 150, or (5) 250 kg·ha−1 N in surface fertigation, applied through drip lines, and (6) 150 kg·ha−1 N in subsurface fertigation, applied through buried drip lines. In comparison with the not irrigated or fertigated control, addition of 50 kg·ha−1 N in dry form to the drip irrigated treatment 2 resulted in a significant marketable yield increase of both onion cultivars (cv. Riviera F1–18% and cv. Utopia F1–28%). Marketable yield increased as a result of application of 50 kg·ha−1 N, with fertigation (treatment 3, i.e., cv. Riviera F1–27% and cv. Utopia F1–55%). Fertigation N rates higher than 50 kg·ha−1 (treatments 4 to 6) did not increase onion yields. In 2000, the yield increase due to application of N in dry form and irrigation (treatment 2) was not significant. Higher marketable yields were produced when the 50 kg·ha−1 N rate was applied through drip fertigation (41% increase, treatment 3) and highest after applying 150 kg·ha−1 N (treatment 4) through fertigation (79% increase as compared to the control). Subsurface fertigation (treatment 6) had similar effects on yield as did surface fertigation. Irrigation and fertilization had little affect on total N concentration in onion plants.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilizer Type, But Not Time of Cessation of Irrigation, Affect Onion Development and Yield in a Semi-Arid Region","authors":"L. Abbey, R. Kanton","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Onion production is limited by environmental factors, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A two-year study was carried out to investigate the response of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Bawku Red to the application of farmyard manure (FYM), inorganic fertilizer (IF) or a combination of manure and inorganic fertilizer (FYM+IF) when irrigation is withheld just before breakover or at 50% breakover. Onion plant height, foliage weight, bulb diameter and bulb weight were increased by FYM+IF in both years. Onion bulb yield due to the FYM+IF treatment was 34.1% higher than that for FYM, and 4.6% higher than that for the IF treatment. The highest number of split bulbs, which are not marketable but are used by producers under our economic conditions, was recorded for FYM+IF plots (mean for two years, 6800 bulbs/ha) with FYM recording the lowest (mean for two years, 1100 bulbs/ha). Application of FYM either alone or in combination with IF significantly (P < 0.05) reduced bulb rot. The percentage of marketable bulbs was not different among treatments. Neither time when irrigation was withheld nor the interaction of nutrient × time when irrigation was withheld affected onion growth and bulb yield. Thus, application of both FYM+IF at half their recommended rates increased onion bulb yield and reduced field defects.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128689788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in the Stability and Yield Performance of a Snap Bean Cultivar","authors":"E. Traka-Mavrona, D. Georgakis, M. Koutsika-sotiriou","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n02_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n02_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The genetic analysis of crop yield potential includes three main components that are controlled by groups of genes: (i) genes that control yield/plant, which are selected by the entry mean of individual plant yields; (ii) genes that confer tolerance to the biotic and abiotic stresses, which are defined by the CV of individual plant yields; and (iii) genes that control responsiveness to inputs, which are defined by the progeny standardized selection differential (SSD). This paper evaluates the efficiency of a breeding program applied to improve the stability, the yield and the product uniformity of a snap bean cultivar following these three components. The selection was based on the following criteria: (i) comparisons on the basis of whole-genome phenotypic evaluation should expand among progeny lines and among individual plants within lines; (ii) selection should be applied across the target area of adaptation from the earliest generations and during all stages of the breeding program; (iii) honeycomb designs should be used to sample effectively for environmental diversity and exploit the genotype-by-environment inter-action for the development of “homeostatic cultivars.” The changes in the three components through the honeycomb pedigree selection showed: (i) the entry mean of earliness increased by 54.1–79.8%, while the entry mean of yield followed stabilizing trends, which means improvement in early harvest; (ii) the CV of earliness and yield decreased by 49.2–65.9% and 27.5–35%, respectively, which means improvement in performance stability; and (iii) the SSD of earliness and yield followed different trends in the different offsprings, i.e., the responsiveness to inputs was family dependent. The breeding program provides the possibility of incorporating desirable genes in improved cultivars of green bean.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116439637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Amendments Affect the Release of P from Rock Phosphate and the Development and Yield of Okra","authors":"M. Akande, F. I. Oluwatoyinbo, J. Adediran, K. W. Buari, I. Yusuf","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rock phosphate (RP) is being considered as a phosphorus (P) source for reversing soil fertility depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted research to evaluate organic or inorganic materials to be combined with RP to enhance P availability. Field trials were conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the comparative effects of urea (U) and poultry manure (PM) on solubilization of rock phosphate and on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Okra growth and yield were significantly enhanced by the addition of the treatments. The combined use of RP with either PM and to a lesser degree U, significantly improved the growth and yield of okra compared to when the materials were used individually. Application of RP + U and RP + PM increased available soil P of between 112 and 115% and 144 and 153%, respectively, in both years.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131090656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Geographic Variation of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Production in Oklahoma from a Statewide Survey","authors":"Wenhua Lu, B. W. Roberts, J. Duthie, J. Shrefler, Merritt J. Taylor, J. Edelson","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is little information on the types and frequencies of cultural practices in watermelon production that are commonly used. To better understand opportunities and pitfalls in watermelon production, and to provide direction for extension personnel, we undertook a survey of characteristics of watermelon production in Oklahoma. This survey included 102 fields and 1,260 ha in 22 counties–up to 30% of the estimated watermelon area in 1998 and 1999. Triploid cultivars, plastic mulch, beehives, raised beds, and 2-row planting was found in < 30% of fields. Transplants, windbreaks, hoeing, and irrigation were used in < 55% of fields. Cultivation, fertilization, and crop rotation occurred in > 85% of fields. Overall, < 5% of growers used low management intensity of open-pollinated cultivars, direct seeding, no cultivation, and no fertilization. Only < 1% growers used high management intensity of diploid or triploid hybrid cultivars, plastic mulch, raised beds, pollination management, transplanting, and irrigation, in addition to cultivation, fertilization, and crop rotation. High intensity management was frequently used in the southwestern district, compared to the northeastern and southeastern districts. Given techniques available, management intensity could be increased in Oklahoma.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115849795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Budget Analysis of Effects of Crop Management Intensity on Profitability of Three Watermelon Cultivars","authors":"Wenhua Lu, J. Duthie, B. W. Roberts, Merritt J. Taylor, J. Edelson","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n01_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A field study on watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai] in 1997, 1999, and 2000 revealed that management intensity affected profitability. Management intensity reflected a combination of cultural practices and levels of usage. Low intensity management (LM) included only soil fertilization and weed control. High intensity management (HM) additionally involved plastic mulch, drip irrigation, insect pest control, and plant disease control. Use of partial budget analysis simplified evaluation of the effect of management intensity on profitability, which was defined as a difference in net return between HM and LM. The difference in net return between HM and LM (Δπ) was based on market price (P), changes in yield (ΔY), and changes in production cost (ΔI) due to increased intensity of management: Δπ = P × ΔY - ΔI. We used means of daily wholesale market price for midseason (July to August) at Dallas, TX, for seeded and seedless red melons each year, means of yield difference between HM and LM for each cultivar each year, and concurrent estimates of production cost difference between HM and LM in our empirical analyses. HM was more profitable than LM in two of the three years with increased net return up to almost 8,000 $·ha−1, but the level of profitability varied among cultivars and years. Triploid (seedless) cultivar had higher yield difference between HM and LM and received higher prices, resulting in larger profits than did diploid open-pollinated or diploid hybrid (both seeded) cultivars in all three years. The difference in net return between HM and LM corresponded positively with yield differences between HM and LM, but not in proportion because of differences in production cost between HM and LM and in market price among years. In our sensitivity analyses, we introduced the concept of rate of change in net return as Δπ%. Based on mean values of the market price and differences in yield and in production cost between HM and LM over this 3-year study as modes of variation, we demonstrate that the rate of change in net return between HM and LM was more sensitive to the yield difference and market price than to the cost difference between HM and LM. This is the first time information of production cost and profit based on this model of partial budgeting has been developed for watermelon. When yield difference was small or when market price was low, the rate of net return increased more effectively in response to increasing management intensity. Therefore, higher yield brought about by HM can easily compensate for the higher cost incurred by HM.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EDITOR'S FIELD","authors":"V. Russo","doi":"10.1300/j068v09n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j068v09n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126146228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation Schedule Affects Onion (Allium cepa L.) Growth, Development, and Yield","authors":"R. Kanton, L. Abbey, R. H. Gbene","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted at Bugri and Binduri in northern Ghana in the 1996–97 and 1997–98 onion growing seasons, to determine the optimal irrigation regime for onion: morning and evening daily, morning daily, evening daily, morning and evening alternate days, morning or evening alternate days on bulb yield and yield components of onion cv. Bawku Red. Bulb yield of onion and yield components were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by irrigation interval. Mean height of onion plants that received irrigation morning and evening, or morning or evening daily were about 39 cm while plants in other treatments were only 34 cm in height. Mean foliage weight when onion was irrigated morning and evening daily was 1.7 kg/plot compared to 1.4 kg/plot when onion was irrigated every other day. The highest bulb yields of 39.8 Mt·ha−1 were obtained when transplants received irrigation morning and evening. Onion bulb yield and yield components generally decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increase in irrigation regime. Irrigation regime did not have any significant (P < 0.05) effect on the percent total sugar in onion bulb. Over 50% of the farmers in the trial preferred irrigating their onion crop once daily in the morning, thereby confirming the agronomic results obtained in the study.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127828106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping Okra and Kenaf","authors":"J. Raji, T. A. Fadare","doi":"10.1300/J068v09n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v09n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as an intercrop with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was studied for two years. Whole stalk fresh weight, dry core and fiber weight yields of monoculture kenaf were depressed by 19.1% to 45.9%, 14.7% to 28.0%, and 18.1%, respectively, due to intercropping with okra. Apart from enhancing okra yields by 7.8% to 115.8%, intercropping also increased dry matter yields of okra stems in all intercrop ratios by 17.1% to 192.8%, and it is suggested that dry okra stems was a viable option for use as yam stakes which are scarce in the dry savanna zones of Nigeria. Where kenaf and okra were planted in alternate rows, the mean Land Equivalent Ratio for the two years was maximized. Under all other intercropping combinations, it was less. It is suggested that each row of okra should be intercropped with one row of kenaf to maximize yields of both.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124380292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}