Journal of Risk Research最新文献

{"title":"Limits to inoculating against the risk of fake news: a replication study in Singapore during COVID-19","authors":"C. Wong, Yuanyuan Wu","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2249909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2249909","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the problem of fake news as one of the defining challenges of our time. The sudden proliferation of fake news and its direct impact on public health and safety led to increasing attention to pre-bunking interventions as a possible tool against the risks of fake news. These studies claimed that it is possible to use pre-emptive interventions such as games to induce cognitive resistance against the deception techniques deployed by fake new producers. We wanted to test if this method could be as effective in a non-Western context, and in an on-going catastrophic risk event. This paper presents the results of a replication study of Roozenbeek and van der Linden’s gaming experiment with certain modifications tailored to the case of Singapore in 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We could not replicate the results of the original study. However, we found factors that could have accounted for the different results, including high levels of trust in English mainstream media and the government, and positive attitudes towards censorship. We also found that participants were most resistant against conspiratorial deception techniques but also more vulnerable to impersonation techniques. We reflect on what the results of our study say about the limitations of psychology-focused interventions and the need for a wider suite of interventions targeting different levels of analysis, including sociological factors and the risk context.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting perspectives on the risks of intensive livestock farming in The Netherlands: a survey study.","authors":"V Eijrond, L Claassen, D Timmermans","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2231003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2231003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Netherlands, intensive livestock farming is a recurrent topic of societal debate with stakeholders having quite different perspectives on the benefits and harms. In particular, stakeholders appear to have different perceptions on the risks to human and animal health. This paper reports a quantitative analysis of a survey on the perceptions of risks and benefits of intensive livestock farming conducted among the general public, including people living in livestock dense municipalities (<i>n</i> = 808), farmers (<i>n</i> = 237) and other stakeholders (<i>n</i> = 367). Results show that farmers and citizens have contrasting views about the benefits and concerns and in particular about the risks of intensive livestock farming for human health as well as animal well-being. People living in livestock dense communities held a somewhat more positive view than the general public, yet odour hinder and air quality was perceived as a serious health problem, but not by farmers. These differences in risk perceptions may well be explained from differences in interest, experience and options for control of potential hazards. Our study reflects more than just the perceived risks related to intensive livestock farming, but also reveal the global and multidimensional legitimate concerns and views on what matter to different groups of people. We argue that these differences in risk perspectives should be taken into account when communicating about human health risks, and should also be more explicitly addressed in discussions about the risks of intensive livestock farming in order to develop more inclusive policies that are supported by stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"911-930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethos in COVID-19 crisis communication: evidence from Oman","authors":"Fatema Al-Rubai’ey, Abdul Gabbar Mohamed Al-Sharafi","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2230983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2230983","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is little research on the effectiveness of the rhetorical strategies adopted by governments in COVID-19 crisis communication. This study aimed to answer the following two questions: (1) What are the ethos-related rhetorical strategies used in the official Arabic discourse of COVID-19 crisis communication in Oman? (2) Aligned with Seeger’s model of best practice in crisis communication, to what extent are these ethos-related rhetorical strategies effective in delivering a successful crisis response communication? The data came from Oman’s COVID-19 Supreme Committee press conference. The data included the first six press conferences covering the period from April 2, 2020 to May 7, 2020. The study showed that Oman’s COVID-19 crisis communication exhibits a variety of ethos-related rhetorical strategies, mainly to establish, reinforce and restore speaker’s credibility. The study also showed that Oman’s COVID-19 crisis communication was effective from a rhetorical perspective because it made use of rhetorical strategies that aligned well with Seeger’s best practice of honesty, candor and openness. One of the key recommendations of this paper is to call for Seeger’s model to be expanded to cover areas that this model does not currently address, namely speaker’s competence and message believability.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"931 - 946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What psychological factors lead to the abandonment of cultivated land by coastal farmers? An interpretation based on the psychological distance","authors":"Xin Nie, Xingyi Wu, Han Wang, Qing Kang, Fengqin Li, Lihua Li, Hua Qiao","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2220334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2220334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For a long time, the research on the cultivated land abandonment behavior of farmers, caused by natural constraints such as coastal ecological environment vulnerability and frequent extreme climates, has received extensive attention. However, few scholars pay attention to the impact of psychological construction of farmers’ environmental risk perception on abandoned farming behavior, especially the use of psychological distance (PD) to quantify this abstract psychological process. Taking Shankou Town, Guangxi, China as an example, this study combines the PD in the field of sociology with the construal level theory to build a PD framework for coastal farmers. A structural equation model was used to explore the influence mechanism of the social, temporal, hypothetical, and spatial distances on farmers’ cultivated land abandonment behavior. We found that coastal land abandonment is affected by social trust and the probability of extreme weather, although the risk preference under the ‘discount rate’ is not significantly affected. At the same time, the closer the spatial distance between the residence and the coastline, the higher the abandonment of cultivated land, although with a different impact. In addition, population mobility and human-sea connection were found to play a mediating role in the effect of psychological distance on cultivated land abandonment. We confirmed that the direction of the effects of the four types of psychological distance on land abandonment behavior is not consistent. This study is helpful to understand the cultivated land abandonment behavior of farmers in coastal zone, and tries to provide reference for coastal zone planting planning.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"947 - 968"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42196255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping mental models of parents’ risk perceptions of autonomous public transport use by young children: a social representations theory approach","authors":"S. Ho, Wen-Dee Tan","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2218862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2218862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous countries are integrating autonomous vehicles into their public transport systems. Among the expected benefits of autonomous public transport, increased mobility for families with young children is foregrounded. Yet, the potential risks associated with autonomous public transport may impede parents’ acceptance of the technology for use by their children. As risk communication is an effective strategy for mitigating the influence of risk perception on acceptance, this study sought to proactively identify risk perceptions that parents hold toward autonomous public transport. Against the backdrop of Singapore’s imminent deployment of autonomous public transport and informed by the social representations theory, we elicited a mental model of parents’ risk perceptions toward autonomous public transport that was sensitive to the diversity of opinion among parents and their preferences for risk communication messages about autonomous public transport. To that end, we conducted three online focus group discussions consisting of 21 Singaporean parents who had children aged 2 wk to 12 years old. Theoretically, this study addresses research gaps in the mental models literature and offers theoretical implications for scholars seeking to employ the mental models approach to understand lay risk perceptions. Practically, this study informs the design of relevant and targeted risk communication messages about autonomous public transport.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"989 - 1005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global research trends on health risk perception and communication: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis","authors":"Xia Cao, Binfang Yang, Jiansong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2220331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2220331","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: It is meaningful that both scholars and practitioners recognize the multifaceted nature of health risk perception and communication (HRPC). Extensive studies related to HRPC have been conducted to date. However, no bibliometric analysis has systematically investigated this issue. We aim to identify the current landscape and frontier trends of scientific achievements on HRPC through bibliometric approaches. Methods: Quantitative analysis of publications relating to HRPC from 1999 to 2021 was interpreted and graphed through the Web of Science Core Collection database on October 21, 2022. A variety of quantitative variables was analyzed, including publication and citation counts, H-index, and journal citation reports. Co-authorship, citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses were performed for countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1,518 original and review articles in English were identified. The United States has considerable influence in this field, with the majority of publications (772, 50.86%), citations (23,951 times), the highest H-index (453), and close collaborations with the United Kingdom and Australia. The most contributive institution was University of North Carolina. The most productive author is Waters EA, followed by Lemyre L and Renner B. However, the relatively low level of research cooperation existed between institutions and authors. Important topics mainly include the connotations, categories, theoretical framework models, and application scenarios of HRPC. Among the promising hotspots, ‘Covid-19,’ ‘pandemic’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’ displayed relatively latest average appearing year. Conclusion: Global trends indicate a growing scientific output on HRPC, and developed countries are leading the way. There is still a need to improve collaboration between research teams. The focus gradually shifts from theoretical research to empirical research. It is recommended to pay attention to the latest hot spots, such as ‘Covid-19’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"969 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions and risk perception predictors changed over time","authors":"B. Johnson, Marcus Mayorga, Byungdoo Kim","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identifying and understanding risk perceptions—“how bad are the harms” to humans or to what they value that people see as potentially or actually arising from entities or events—has been critical for risk analysis, both for its own sake, and for expected associations between risk perceptions and subsequent outcomes, such as risky or protective behavior, or support for hazard management policies. Cross-sectional surveys have been the dominant method for identifying and understanding risk perceptions, yielding valuable data. However, cross-sectional surveys are unable to probe the dynamics of risk perceptions over time, which is critical to do while living in a dynamically hazardous world and to build causal understandings. Building upon earlier longitudinal panel studies of Americans’ Ebola and Zika risk perceptions using multi-level modeling to assess temporal changes in these views and inter-individual factors affecting them, we examined patterns in Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions in six waves across 14 months. The findings suggest that, in general, risk perceptions increased from February 2020 to April 2021, but with varying trends across different risk perception measures (personal, collective, affective, affect, severity, and duration). Factors in baseline risk perceptions (Wave 1) and inter-individual differences across waves differed even more: baseline ratings were associated with how immediate the threat is (temporal distance) and how likely the threat would affect people like oneself (social distance), and following the United States news about the pandemic. Inter-individual trend differences were shaped most by temporal distance, whether local coronavirus infections were accelerating their upward trend, and subjective knowledge about viral transmission. Associations of subjective knowledge and risk trend with risk perceptions could change signs (e.g. from positive to negative) over time. These findings hold theoretical implications for risk perception dynamics and taxonomies, and research design implications for studying risk perception dynamics and their comparison across hazards.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"815 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42259824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The measurements and performance of enterprise risk management: a comprehensive literature review","authors":"Sylvester Senyo Horvey, Jones Odei-Mensah","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global economic crises and complexities in the business environment have flawed the traditional risk management system. These have provided lessons to business leaders and enhanced the popularity of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). ERM is the holistic approach to managing the overall risks of an organisation to achieve its strategic goals. Despite its relevance, the question about the appropriate measurement for ERM and the performance of ERM remains. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the measurement and performance of ERM. Google Scholar was the primary search tool for ERM literature from 2001 to 2020, and papers listed in SCImago journal ranking were discussed. According to the review, there is no specific approach to measuring ERM; hence, scholars rely on different proxies. Most studies rely on secondary sources, particularly the Chief Risk Officer’s appointment as a simple ERM proxy. This approach is widely adopted in the literature due to the difficulty in assessing ERM information. This paper recommends that further studies on the empirical measurement of ERM should rely on both primary and secondary data as they complement each other. This will provide more insight and allow more factors to be considered for a robust ERM measurement. In terms of performance, the ERM literature reveals mixed findings; however, there is enough evidence to support the assertion that ERM enhances firm profitability and value. Also, an advanced level of ERM implementation significantly improves firm performance. We suggest that scholars consider examining the ERM-performance relationship in emerging economies, as most of these studies centred on the US and European economies. In addition, future studies should consider investigating the non-linear relationship and how moderating factors affect the ERM-performance relationship. Firms must also strengthen their ERM system, as a higher level of ERM implementation improves performance.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"778 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional trust, risk and product safety: a consumer survey","authors":"Zoe Adams, Magda Osman","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2204875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2204875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to expand our understanding of institutional trust by examining how consumers express their trust in a UK product safety regulator, the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS). It uses publicly available data from two waves of nationally representative surveys (N = 20,526) conducted by OPSS between November 2020 and August 2021. Questions were selected for analysis if they aligned with the organisation’s definition of a trusted regulator: protecting people and places, and empowering people to make good choices. Of the 211 survey items in Wave 1 and 150 in Wave 2, 42 pairs of questions were selected. Only nine of the 42 analyses were statistically significant, and of those only two were interpretable at a reliable statistical threshold (i.e. medium effect size threshold). The results are valuable in demonstrating how institutional trust may be affected by product safety-related behaviours, experiences, beliefs and attitudes concerning the risks to which consumers are potentially exposed. However, the general lack of reliable findings also highlights methodological challenges in the way official government surveys investigate institutional trust, risk, and general product safety issues on both a linguistic and conceptual level. By examining the survey results and the survey itself, we show how empirical and theoretical insights can inform government efforts to capture important phenomena.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"648 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45493650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making cyber security more resilient: adding social considerations to technological fixes","authors":"Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Christine Eriksen, Benjamin Scharte","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How can a focus on socio-technical vulnerability and uncertainty make cyber security more resilient? In this article, we provide a conceptual discussion of how to increase cyber resilience. First, we show how cyber security and resilience thinking co-evolved through their connection to critical infrastructures, and how the ensuing dominant technical focus inevitably always falls short due to the diverse societal values that underpin their critical social functions. We argue that a sole focus on aggregate systems neglects the important differences in how cyber threats are experienced and dealt with by individuals. Second, we draw on insights from social resilience and disaster management literature to establish a better link between individuals and cyber systems. We focus on two key aspects of cyber security that highlight its social nature: vulnerability and uncertainty. Instead of thinking of cyber security as a “technical problem + humans,” we suggest cyber security should be conceptualized as a “social problem + technology.” We conclude by highlighting three ways forward for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners: interdisciplinary research, public debate about a set of normative questions, and the need for an uncertainty discourse in politics and policymaking.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"801 - 814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}