Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Chebulagic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling","authors":"Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Gong ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Jinzhong Dong ,&nbsp;Lanxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Li ,&nbsp;Feifan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential protective effects of chebulagic acid (CA) against endometritis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Network pharmacology analysis identified 19 potential targets of CA related to endometritis, mainly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis further indicated that MAPK14 and MAPK3 are critical targets of CA, suggesting its potential role in modulating inflammatory responses. <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that CA at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs), without affecting cell viability. <em>In vivo</em>, CA treatment mitigated uterine inflammation in an LPS-induced mouse model of endometritis by downregulating high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) expression and inhibiting the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules, including p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. These findings suggest that CA exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in endometritis by modulating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential to suppress excessive inflammatory responses, CA may serve as a promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for endometritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC)s play a role in the chorions refractoriness to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)?","authors":"B. Bush ,&nbsp;L.S. Richardson ,&nbsp;E. Radnaa ,&nbsp;F. Behnia ,&nbsp;J. Jacob ,&nbsp;R.C.V. Lintao ,&nbsp;R. Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fetal membrane inflammation is one of the drivers of adverse pregnancy outcomes. One of the reported pathways of inflammation is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of amniotic epithelial cells. EMT is resisted during gestation via signaling initiated by the binding of progesterone (P4) to progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC1/PGRMC2). The vulnerability of chorionic trophoblast cells (CTCs) to transition has not been studied. Here, we examined CTCs EMT in response to the stressors and the role of PGRMC1/PGRMC2. CTCs were treated with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin (Baf), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β, EMT-inducer), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate cellular stressors associated with an adverse pregnancy environment. The primary endpoints included morphological evidence of EMT, N-cadherin-to-E-cadherin ratio, vimentin/cytokeratin staining, pro-inflammatory cytokine and P4 production. PGRMC1/PGRMC2 knock-out (KO) CTCs were prepared using CRISPR/Cas9, and experiments were repeated to test the influence of the P4–PGRMC axis. Wild-type CTCs were resistant to cellular transitions, changes in P4 production, and shifts in the inflammatory status under normal, LPS, or TGF-β conditions. Autophagy inhibition tended to cause CTCs to transition (morphological changes; high N-cadherin-to-E-cadherin ratio [p &lt; 0.05], no change in vimentin/cytokeratin), though a complete transition was not evident. Further, neither PGRMC1/PGRMC2 played a role in CTC cellular transitions, as their KO did not cause any major changes. Chorion cells resist EMT to minimize inflammation and to maintain their barrier functions regardless of the presence of PGRMC1/ PGRMC2. Cellular stressors or infectious antigens are likely to impact the amnion, where membrane weakening can be initiated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review on MicroRNA's role in diagnosis and therapy of equine endometritis","authors":"Sana Asif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Wasif Gulzar","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometritis is a significant cause of infertility in mare. Some infectious agents disrupt the endometrium's innate immune system, resulting in a prolonged systemic inflammatory response that circulates via the blood or cellular degeneration, which ultimately leads to endometritis from bacterial endotoxins. Numerous biological processes use various small, non-coding RNA molecules called MicroRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression after transcription by blocking transcription and translation. This manuscript examines patho-morphological discoveries in equine endometritis, the expression and effects of eca-miR-17, eca-miR-223, eca-miR-200a, eca-miR-155, and eca-miR-205, and the therapeutic function of miRNA in endometritis. MiRNAs play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory disorders by modulating cytokine signaling pathways. This review emphasizes the demand for cutting-edge genetic technologies and the development of novel pharmaceutical preparations to improve our understanding of the genes encoding by these miRNAs. It also focuses on the efficacy of miRNAs for control, early diagnosis, and prevention of endometritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact and risk of immunomodulatory compounds on pregnancy","authors":"Joanne Kwak-Kim ,&nbsp;Curtis C. Maier ,&nbsp;Caren M. Villano ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Bowman ,&nbsp;Frank R. Brennan ,&nbsp;Dinesh Stanislaus ,&nbsp;Aimee Hillegas ,&nbsp;John Krayer ,&nbsp;Rodney A. Prell ,&nbsp;Tracey L. Papenfuss ,&nbsp;Annick Cauvin ,&nbsp;Joshua Gamse ,&nbsp;Anna Dahlman ,&nbsp;Brian Enright ,&nbsp;Lawrence Leshin ,&nbsp;Gautham K. Rao ,&nbsp;Whitney Helms ,&nbsp;Claudette L. Fuller ,&nbsp;Xiuhua Yang ,&nbsp;Connie Chen ,&nbsp;Shermaine Mitchell-Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There have been remarkable advancements in understanding the complex and dynamic immune biological processes engaged during all stages of pregnancy. Exquisite control of immune processes is critical to successful outcome in all stages of pregnancy from ovulation to birth. There are many immunomodulatory therapeutics that may offer beneficial treatment options for a variety of diseases (e.g., inflammation/autoimmunity, cancer) to patients that are or desire to become pregnant. It is important to understand the potential for these immunomodulatory therapeutics to alter the critical immune processes in pregnancy to inform clinical risk relative to successful pregnancy. The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute-Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology/Immuno-safety Technical Committee (HESI DART/ITC) conducted a survey on approaches to assess adverse pregnancy outcomes with immunomodulators. HESI DART/ITC also organized a workshop for an extended discussion on immune mechanisms during pregnancy, the adequacy of current tools/methodologies to identify concerns for potential pregnancy hazards from immunomodulatory therapies, ways to identify and address scientific gaps, and global regulatory considerations across various immunomodulatory modalities and indications. In this manuscript we summarize learnings from these efforts to characterize risk within this patient population, promote more informed treatment decisions, and enable safer pharmacological interventions during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental volume as a potential early marker for metabolic pertubations during pregnancy","authors":"Ann-Christin Tallarek ,&nbsp;Angelo Sirico ,&nbsp;Janina Goletzke ,&nbsp;Mirja Pagenkemper ,&nbsp;Evelyn Huhn ,&nbsp;Gudula Hansen ,&nbsp;Felix Stahl ,&nbsp;Petra Clara Arck ,&nbsp;Anke Diemert","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The placenta has a central function in fetal glucose supply and placental volume has received rising awareness as a potential predicting factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to examine whether placental volume is a prognostic marker for metabolic perturbations affecting both mother and child. Data from 100 women participating in a longitudinal cohort study of healthy pregnant women were obtained. Placental volume was assessed via transabdominal ultrasound at gestational weeks 12–14. Additional ultrasound measurements were conducted at gestational weeks 23–25, 28–30, and 34–36 to assess fetal anthropometry. HbA1c was measured in first trimester blood samples. Both cross-sectional and prospective associations between first trimester placental volume and selected fetal and maternal parameters were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Interactions by gender were observed for associations with HbA1c, anterior abdominal wall thickness (AAWT), gestational weight gain and estimated fetal weight. A higher first trimester placental volume was related to higher HbA1c levels in the first trimester, higher AAWT measures in the third trimester, and greater gestational weight gain in women carrying a male fetus only (all p = 0.02). In women carrying a female fetus, a positive association was observed between placental volume and estimated fetal weight at gestational week 34–36 (p = 0.045). None of the other maternal or fetal parameters were related to placental volume (p ≥ 0.1). Our results indicate first trimester placental volume to be a potential prognostic factor for maternal glucose metabolism and both fetal and maternal anthropometric perturbations particularly for those mothers carrying a male fetus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoglobulin therapy for infertility and the role of immune cells in pregnancy success: An extensive investigation and update","authors":"Lida Aslanian-kalkhoran ,&nbsp;Narjes Nouri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Mardi ,&nbsp;leili Aghebati-Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, roughly one out of every eight couples, or 7.5 million women, experience challenges related to conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy. The body's immune response is vital during pregnancy. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and macrophages (MQ) are immune cells in the female reproductive tract. They are in charge of maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating the immune system's response to invasive pathogens. Failure to regulate these immune cells might result in inflammation, which reduces fertility. The immune system modulation of pregnancy loss has been studied with intralipid, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and paternal leukocyte vaccination. A concentrated antibody called intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is utilized as a biological agent to treat autoimmune, viral, and inflammatory diseases and some immunodeficiencies. The main objective of this treatment is to restore a damaged immune system. IgGs, through binding to specific antigens, promote the innate immunity's cellular and humoral immune response by activating complements and binding to Fc receptors of several immune cells. Contrariwise, IVIG regulates pathogenic autoimmunity in animal models, including skin-blister diseases, nephrotoxic nephritis, and K/BxN arthritis. IVIG has, therefore, been of great interest as an immune modulator in several immune disorders. This review aims to investigate the immunological reasons of reproductive failure, focusing on the immunomodulatory effects of IVIG in its treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual and reproductive health in overweight and obesity: Aims and visions for integrated research approaches","authors":"Marie Albrecht ,&nbsp;Nina Reitis ,&nbsp;Mirja Pagenkemper ,&nbsp;Ann-Christin Tallarek ,&nbsp;Laura Pietras ,&nbsp;Thula Koops ,&nbsp;Dimitra E. Zazara ,&nbsp;Anastasios D. Giannou ,&nbsp;Mariana G. Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overweight and obesity increasingly affect women in their reproductive phase, during family planning, pregnancy, breastfeeding and the postpartum period. Overweight and obesity are associated with impaired sexual and reproductive health, including increased rates of infertility, pregnancy complications, and reduced breastfeeding rates. Furthermore, maternal overweight and obesity are associated with long-term negative health consequences for the child, such as an increased risk for respiratory and metabolic disease. With the Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO Center), we aim to address the effects of overweight and obesity on sexual and reproductive health in an interdisciplinary approach, combining the areas of obstetrics and midwifery, sexual health research, basic research in feto-maternal medicine and glycoimmunology, pediatrics, as well as endocrinology, metabolism and bariatric surgery. Combining these areas of expertise, we seek (1) to understand the effects of overweight and obesity on sexual and reproductive health in different patient groups, focusing on their specific needs in order to provide appropriate counselling and access to healthcare; (2) to improve reproductive health in different groups of overweight and obese patients; and (3) to create interdisciplinary, comprehensive scientific and clinical training regarding sexual and reproductive health in overweight and obese patients. In this short introduction to the SRHOO Center, we provide information on its structure, aims and individual projects as well as its presumed long-term implications for clinical care and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future perspectives of fertility protection","authors":"Karin Bundschu ,&nbsp;Silviya Aleksandrova-Yankulovska ,&nbsp;Christian Denzer ,&nbsp;Tana Dornbrach ,&nbsp;Sabine Eberhart ,&nbsp;Lazar Glisic ,&nbsp;Ana Gomes Barata ,&nbsp;Harald Gündel ,&nbsp;Klaus Hönig ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Janni ,&nbsp;Karamdeep Khinda ,&nbsp;Laura Rafensteiner ,&nbsp;Reiner Siebert ,&nbsp;Florian Steger ,&nbsp;Stephan Stilgenbauer ,&nbsp;Martin Wabitsch ,&nbsp;Lisa Wiesmüller ,&nbsp;Miriam Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Birgit Wojak ,&nbsp;Katharina Hancke","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reproductive health is of major importance for individuals, for the society and for the health of future generations. This includes physical and medical dimensions as well as psychosocial and ethical ones. Whenever the possibility of starting a family is compromised, either due to an oncological cytotoxic treatment or due to transgender hormone medication with the aim to align their secondary sexual characteristics or other medical or social conditions, one key aspect of reproductive health is fertility protection. However, as a very young field in medicine, there are still many research questions that need to be clarified to provide the best possible treatment for affected people. These include the optimization and safety of cryopreservation processes of germ cells in women, men, transgender people, adolescents and children. Another focus is on psychological care as well as ethical, economic and legal issues. The establishment and development of the center for fertility protection Ulm (<strong>FePro-Ulm</strong>) will focus on a detailed molecular biological and (epi)genetic understanding of the underlying processes in ovarian tissue, oocytes and sperm to improve and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The individual needs of affected people, their partners and families will be evaluated by an interdisciplinary approach. The collaborations within FePro-Ulm will develop preventative and helpful interventions for affected people. In addition, a better awareness of this important topic of reproductive health and fertility protection will be addressed by including participation representatives and strengthen public relation works.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T lymphocytes in human milk: Their role in immune system maturation through maternal microchimerism","authors":"Ayamita Paul,&nbsp;Tram Bui,&nbsp;Mariana Muelbert ,&nbsp;Gergely Toldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breastfeeding promotes the trafficking of immune cells and soluble factors from the mother to the neonate during lactation, resulting in maternal microchimerism. Human milk is abundant in T lymphocytes, but little is known about their priming and actions in neonatal mucosal tissues and their role in conferring immune tolerance in early life. This review summarises recent findings on the characteristics of human milk T cells compared to their counterparts in maternal and neonatal blood. We discuss how bioactive components of human milk, such as cytokines, hormones, and miRNA, may modulate the immune suppressive function of this cell subset. We shed light on the presence and possible functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the breastfeeding triad of mother, human milk, and neonate, and how this subset of T lymphocytes may contribute to the prevention of immune pathologies, such as allergies and autoimmune diseases, later in life through human milk-induced maternal microchimerism in the newborn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of maternal-placental vascular malperfusion and its correlation with neonatal adverse outcomes","authors":"Huabo Jiang ,&nbsp;Dayuan Shi ,&nbsp;Luyao Cai ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Sun ,&nbsp;Hongyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xing Wei ,&nbsp;Qizhi He ,&nbsp;Luming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the failure of fetal growth to attain inherent genetic potential owing to a diverse array of factors. Limited studies have investigated the correlation between varying levels of maternal-placental vascular malperfusion (MVM)-type FGR and adverse neonatal outcomes. Thus, we sought to explore the maternal-fetal characteristics of different degrees of MVM-type FGR and their correlation with adverse neonatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected all cases of FGR from 2018 to 2023 and observed the pregnancy, delivery, and newborn characteristics of FGR cases managed by a fetal medical center. General information, clinical examinations, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Placental lesions were sampled and classified according to the 2016 Amsterdam standard, then divided into two groups based on MVM level: low-grade and high-grade.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The high-grade MVM-type FGR group (30/94) had a higher prevalence of pregnant mothers with diabetes mellitus (P＝0.022) and hypertension (P＝0.013), higher incidence of abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) (P＝0.022) and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) (P &lt; 0.001), higher incidence of incomplete distal villus development (P＝0.027) and placental vascular disease (P＝0.008), higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage (P＝0.006) and poor outcomes (P＝0.04), lower fetal weight (P＝0.026), and longer hospital stays for newborns (P＝0.018). Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (P＝0.04), diabetes (P＝0.033), assisted reproduction (P＝0.048), pathological placental villus overmaturity (P＝0.033) High-grade MVM (P＝0.014) were independent risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes, fetal birth weight (P＝0.004) is an independent protective factor.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>High-grade MVM FGR is associated with the incidence rate of adverse neonatal outcomes, with a series of differences in the pre-pregnancy state, clinical auxiliary examination, and pathological characteristics compared with low grade MVM. Simultaneously, we found five independent risk factors and one protective factor that led to adverse neonatal outcomes in MVM group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}