Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Inhibition of interleukin-1 signaling protects against Group B streptococcus-induced preterm birth and fetal loss in mice","authors":"Peck Y. Chin ,&nbsp;Lachlan M. Moldenhauer ,&nbsp;William D. Lubell ,&nbsp;David M. Olson ,&nbsp;Sylvain Chemtob ,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Keelan ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Group B streptococcus is a common microbial agent associated with spontaneous preterm birth and fetal inflammatory response syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the utility of rytvela, a novel peptide antagonist of the interleukin-1 receptor, to suppress inflammatory activation, prolong gestation and improve neonatal outcomes induced in mice by Group B streptococcus. Pregnant mice were administered rytvela or PBS on gestation day 16.5, immediately prior and following surgical administration of heat-killed Group B streptococcus (hkGBS) or PBS into the uterine cavity. Treatment with rytvela prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise <em>in utero</em> and in the perinatal phase elicited by hkGBS. Compared to pups exposed to hkGBS alone, pups of dams co-administered rytvela exhibited substantially improved survival and growth through to weaning. Analysis by qPCR showed expression of inflammatory cytokine genes <em>Il1b</em>, <em>Il6, Tnf,</em> and <em>Ifng</em> in uterine tissues, and <em>Il1b</em>, <em>Il6,</em> and <em>Tnf</em> in fetal membranes, were stimulated by hkGBS and this increase was suppressed by co-administration of rytvela. Premature induction of uterine activation gene <em>Ptgs2</em> in the myometrium was also attenuated by rytvela treatment. These data show that activation of IL1-mediated signaling in response to Group B streptococcus triggers an inflammatory cascade that causes preterm parturition and fetal inflammatory injury, and that rytvela can suppress inflammatory mediators to substantially improve pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Our findings add to accumulating evidence supporting clinical investigation of rytvela for fetal protection and delaying preterm birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive blood tests for earlier diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis","authors":"Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei ,&nbsp;Zoleikha Asadi ,&nbsp;Rana Jahanban Esfahlan","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometriosis is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and chronic pain. It affects approximately 2–10 % of women of reproductive age and up to 50 % of those experiencing infertility, significantly impacting the healthcare system. Despite its prevalence, endometriosis presents in a variety of forms and phenotypes, partly due to the absence of a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis. Early detection of endometriosis is crucial for effective management; however, the most dependable diagnostic method currently available is laparoscopy. Many women are reluctant to undergo this surgical procedure, resulting in a substantial number remaining unaware of their condition. This review aims to explore the potential of non-invasive blood tests in developing reliable biomarkers or a combination of biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of endometriosis. Innovative therapies such as immunomodulation, stem cell therapy, biosensors, and nanotheranostics present promising avenues for personalized diagnosis and treatment, focusing on genetic, epigenetic, and immunological aspects. The review emphasizes the importance of various biomarkers and the necessity for further research to enhance diagnosis and improve the quality of life for women affected by endometriosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin alleviates endometrial fibrosis in bovine endometritis by regulating TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways via MT2","authors":"Yi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingyi Chen ,&nbsp;Zihao Fang ,&nbsp;Limin Qiao ,&nbsp;Yue Jiang ,&nbsp;Liangli Song ,&nbsp;Xianghong Du ,&nbsp;Hua Yao ,&nbsp;Longfei Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine endometritis can lead to abnormal endometrial function and fibrosis, resulting in difficulties in successful embryo implantation and intrauterine adhesions. Melatonin is well known for its profitable effects against inflammation and pathological fibrosis in discrepant organs. Considering the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin, this study aimed to investigate its effects on endometrial fibrosis in cows with endometritis. Firstly, we evaluated the expression patterns of various factors associated with fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), extracellular matrix (ECM)-related markers (<em>COL1A1</em> and <em>COL3A1</em>), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins (α-SMA and Vimentin) in healthy and endometritis-affected bovine uterine tissues. The results showed that diseased tissues presented significantly higher TGF-β1 expression, ECM production, and EMT progression versus normal tissues. Moreover, we established an LPS-induced fibrosis model in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and found that melatonin inhibited the fibrosis process of ESCs in a dose-dependent manner. The MT2 inhibitor 4P-PDOT blocked the antifibrotic effects of melatonin and inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 in LPS-induced fibrosis of ESCs, but not P38 MAPK. These data implied that melatonin supplementation attenuated LPS-induced fibrosis in ESCs by modulating the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways via MT2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary assessment of the impact of assisted reproductive techniques on pregnancy and long-term outcomes of mother and child: Foundation of the LE-REP (Leipzig Reproductive Health) Center","authors":"Marie Luise Münch ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Lia ,&nbsp;Benjamin Wolf ,&nbsp;Moritz Köhler ,&nbsp;Ronny Baber ,&nbsp;Kunal Singh ,&nbsp;Anne Schumacher ,&nbsp;Tobias Kretschmer ,&nbsp;Rita Grabowska ,&nbsp;Katja Linde ,&nbsp;Viktoria Schmidt ,&nbsp;Martin Kramuschke ,&nbsp;Julia Bartley ,&nbsp;Noura Kabbani ,&nbsp;Mandy Vogel ,&nbsp;Yujia Guo ,&nbsp;Shrey Kohli","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About 8–10 % of all people of reproductive age are unable to conceive children. In recent years, an increased number of consultations for fertility treatments has been observed with a continuing positive trend. It is known that infertility itself and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are frequently associated with recurrent miscarriages, pregnancy complications or psychosocial problems. In parallel, metabolic and vascular diseases and obesity are becoming a growing issue, even among the younger population, and are affecting fertility and pregnancy outcomes of mother and child. Possible interactions between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood hitherto. Furthermore, reproductive outcomes are increasingly challenged by the potential effects of environmental pollution on key reproductive processes, including oocyte maturation and atresia, sperm quality, implantation as well as their role in recurrent miscarriages. The Leipzig reproductive health (LE-REP) project is aimed at investigating the interplay between ARTs and the aforementioned reproductive challenges, including different aspects of fertility problems, early and late pregnancy as well as long-term effects on mothers and their children born via fertility treatment. This multidisciplinary initiative is expected to provide a deep understanding of underlying mechanisms, providing a framework for future preventive strategies improving reproductive health. Finally, LE-REP aims to establish a high-level university fertility center of excellence, combining advanced clinical care, cutting-edge research and education to train future reproductive medicine specialists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization reveals causal relationships between cytokines and male reproductive diseases","authors":"Jie Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the causal links between cytokines and four male reproductive disorders, namely abnormal spermatozoa (AS), male infertility, erectile dysfunction (ED), and hyperplasia of prostate (HP), employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic associations with male reproductive diseases were derived from the IEU OpenGWAS project, with cytokine data from two GWASs focused on the human proteome and cytokines. Estimations were derived using inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted model, and simple mode. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was evaluated through Cochran’s Q-test, MR-Egger regression, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Fifteen unique cytokines were identified as having causal relationships with the risk of four male reproductive disorders. Specifically, for AS, interleukin-22 (IL-22), IL-12, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor were negatively correlated with AS, while tumor necrosis factor β levels were positively correlated with AS. In the context of male infertility, IL-2 receptor antagonist levels, IL-34, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor levels were positively linked to male infertility, whereas IL-21 showed a negative relationship. Regarding ED, IL-19, IL-1β, and eotaxin levels were negatively associated with ED risk, while macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) levels and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 levels were positively associated. As for HP, stromal-cell-derived factor 1α levels and MIP-1α levels revealed negative associations with HP. In conclusion, this MR analysis revealed that several cytokines were causally associated with male reproductive diseases and could be valuable in offering new insights for further mechanistic and clinical investigations of cytokines-associated male reproductive diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of necroptosis in pathological pregnancies: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","authors":"Lidan He ,&nbsp;Shan Zheng ,&nbsp;Feng Zhan ,&nbsp;Na Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Necroptosis, a distinctive form of programmed cell death differs mechanistically from apoptosis pyroptosis, and autophagy, is characterized by the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1/RIPK3) and their downstream effector, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). This programmed cell death pathway serves as a crucial mediator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse pathological conditions. Recent evidence has implicated dysregulated necroptosis in the pathogenesis of severe pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In these disorders, necroptosis promotes placental dysfunction through multiple interconnected mechanisms: amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades, aberrant immune activation, disruption of plasma membrane integrity, and subsequent tissue injury.These pregnancy-related pathologies consistently demonstrate elevated necroptotic signatures, correlating with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying necroptosis, with particular emphasis on its pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of pregnancy-related disorders. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting the necroptotic signaling axis, providing novel perspectives for developing targeted interventions to improve clinical outcomes in complicated pregnancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis: A new perspective on epigenetics and oxidative stress","authors":"Yu Guan ,&nbsp;Yawen Chen ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Tinghui Mo ,&nbsp;Shiyu Li ,&nbsp;Ying Cao ,&nbsp;Tailang Yin ,&nbsp;Lianghui Diao ,&nbsp;Yuye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a complex chronic gynecological disorder characterized by multifaceted etiology involving genetics, environment, immunity and inflammation, endometriosis (EM) has long been a significant concern for women of reproductive age worldwide. This review aimed to comprehensively examine the interplay between epigenetics and oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of EM. Through the integration of cutting-edge research, the response of OS signals to epigenetic modifications was explored. The microbiome exerts an influence on this causal regulatory relationship, and these mechanisms collectively contribute to the pathophysiology of EM. Specifically, this article highlighted the roles of epigenetics and OS in EM and underscored the importance of the microbiome as a regulatory link. A discussion was also held on the future directions of biomarkers and precision medicine, including the application prospects of epigenetic and OS markers in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making of EM, and innovations in therapeutic strategies like targeting epigenetic modifications and antioxidant therapies. Moreover, this review emphasized the potential of multi-omics integrated analysis to deepen the understanding of the disease, guide future therapeutic strategies and promote personalized medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chebulagic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling","authors":"Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Gong ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Jinzhong Dong ,&nbsp;Lanxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Li ,&nbsp;Feifan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential protective effects of chebulagic acid (CA) against endometritis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Network pharmacology analysis identified 19 potential targets of CA related to endometritis, mainly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis further indicated that MAPK14 and MAPK3 are critical targets of CA, suggesting its potential role in modulating inflammatory responses. <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that CA at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs), without affecting cell viability. <em>In vivo</em>, CA treatment mitigated uterine inflammation in an LPS-induced mouse model of endometritis by downregulating high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) expression and inhibiting the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules, including p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. These findings suggest that CA exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in endometritis by modulating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential to suppress excessive inflammatory responses, CA may serve as a promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for endometritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC)s play a role in the chorions refractoriness to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)?","authors":"B. Bush ,&nbsp;L.S. Richardson ,&nbsp;E. Radnaa ,&nbsp;F. Behnia ,&nbsp;J. Jacob ,&nbsp;R.C.V. Lintao ,&nbsp;R. Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fetal membrane inflammation is one of the drivers of adverse pregnancy outcomes. One of the reported pathways of inflammation is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of amniotic epithelial cells. EMT is resisted during gestation via signaling initiated by the binding of progesterone (P4) to progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC1/PGRMC2). The vulnerability of chorionic trophoblast cells (CTCs) to transition has not been studied. Here, we examined CTCs EMT in response to the stressors and the role of PGRMC1/PGRMC2. CTCs were treated with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin (Baf), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β, EMT-inducer), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate cellular stressors associated with an adverse pregnancy environment. The primary endpoints included morphological evidence of EMT, N-cadherin-to-E-cadherin ratio, vimentin/cytokeratin staining, pro-inflammatory cytokine and P4 production. PGRMC1/PGRMC2 knock-out (KO) CTCs were prepared using CRISPR/Cas9, and experiments were repeated to test the influence of the P4–PGRMC axis. Wild-type CTCs were resistant to cellular transitions, changes in P4 production, and shifts in the inflammatory status under normal, LPS, or TGF-β conditions. Autophagy inhibition tended to cause CTCs to transition (morphological changes; high N-cadherin-to-E-cadherin ratio [p &lt; 0.05], no change in vimentin/cytokeratin), though a complete transition was not evident. Further, neither PGRMC1/PGRMC2 played a role in CTC cellular transitions, as their KO did not cause any major changes. Chorion cells resist EMT to minimize inflammation and to maintain their barrier functions regardless of the presence of PGRMC1/ PGRMC2. Cellular stressors or infectious antigens are likely to impact the amnion, where membrane weakening can be initiated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review on MicroRNA's role in diagnosis and therapy of equine endometritis","authors":"Sana Asif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Wasif Gulzar","doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jri.2025.104459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometritis is a significant cause of infertility in mare. Some infectious agents disrupt the endometrium's innate immune system, resulting in a prolonged systemic inflammatory response that circulates via the blood or cellular degeneration, which ultimately leads to endometritis from bacterial endotoxins. Numerous biological processes use various small, non-coding RNA molecules called MicroRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression after transcription by blocking transcription and translation. This manuscript examines patho-morphological discoveries in equine endometritis, the expression and effects of eca-miR-17, eca-miR-223, eca-miR-200a, eca-miR-155, and eca-miR-205, and the therapeutic function of miRNA in endometritis. MiRNAs play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory disorders by modulating cytokine signaling pathways. This review emphasizes the demand for cutting-edge genetic technologies and the development of novel pharmaceutical preparations to improve our understanding of the genes encoding by these miRNAs. It also focuses on the efficacy of miRNAs for control, early diagnosis, and prevention of endometritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 104459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}