A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt最新文献

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Production and Experience 制作经历
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0008
Ellen Swift, John Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Production and Experience","authors":"Ellen Swift, John Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter assesses the tools used for spinning fibre that survive in the Petrie Museum collection and how these artefacts shaped the daily experiences of their users. It first discusses spinning whorls, with data on the materials, diameters, and weights of these artefacts. The chapter identifies a correlation between different decorative designs and different weights, which would have helped spinners to select the most appropriate tool. There is also discussion of the apotropaic functions of whorl decoration. The chapter goes on to discuss pendants in the shape of weaving combs, which appear to be a distinct artefact type from Roman and late antique Egypt. This leads onto discussion of the cultural and religious function of spinning, through its association with the Virgin Mary and her cult in Egypt. A newly identified finger distaff in the Petrie Museum is presented in terms of its social and functional value, with reference to examples found elsewhere in the empire. Analysis of wear on the object suggests that it was a functional tool, rather than symbolic possession. The chapter also assesses the daily reality of spinning compared to that represented by cultural traditions, the role of women in spinning, and the complicated relationship between professional and domestic labour.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115441950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concluding Discussion to Part II 第二部分的结论性讨论
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0011
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Concluding Discussion to Part II","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter draws together themes in the material studied in Part II; as well as summarizing some of the principal findings from the individual chapters, it examines in particular how the artefacts studied, and the activities associated with them, related to life course stages, and how they contributed to wider aspects of social practice and social experience. The consideration of objects in relation to the life course illustrates that everyday objects were important as a means to inhabit and perform particular roles, especially socialization into roles at the thresholds between different life course stages such as the transition between adolescence and adulthood. Domestic artefact evidence is also shown to illuminate wider aspects of social practice and experience, developing understanding of the social functions and values of the objects, their multiple roles including status display, and the experiences to which they contributed, and achieving insights through the comparison of the different activities under study. The sensory qualities of the objects, and how sensation was important to particular activities, are also explored briefly, as well as the amuletic properties of functional and other artefacts, which may have protected processes and products, as well as users. It is suggested that amuletic qualities included the sounds of objects, as well as their appearance. In this chapter, it is also considered how the dress objects examined in Part I, and the functional material considered in Part II, were integrated together into the wider social context.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131473565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Children’s Material Culture 儿童物质文化
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0009
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Children’s Material Culture","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the material culture of children in the Petrie collection, and what these items can reveal about children’s experience, agency, and concerns in the Roman and late Roman periods of Egypt. It considers informal spheres of everyday life for children: the family, peer relationships, play, and religion, asking how children themselves would have had some agency in shaping their perspectives of the world around them. The chapter considers the designed and functional properties of wooden and ceramic dolls, within a framework of dolls in earlier periods of Egyptian history and across the Roman world more broadly. It asks of these, and other objects of children’s cultures, how they held the capacity to be played and interacted with in a range of ways, individually or with peers, that were more nuanced than their designed use in socializing children in different social groups. The chapter examines ceramic boats, wooden pull-along horses, and animal figurines. The chapter also studies the commonplace figure of Harpokrates, the child-protector deity, as represented on small objects, and his familiarity with children.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Part II 第二部分简介
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0007
Ellen Swift, John Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Introduction to Part II","authors":"Ellen Swift, John Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the material to be studied in Part II; it outlines the types of evidence for functional domestic artefacts that reveal the experiences of daily life in Roman and late antique Egypt. It explains that an analysis of object function can reveal how objects were used for different activities on a day-to-day basis, and therefore demonstrate some of the experiences of people in the past. The section assesses a range of everyday artefacts in durable materials, like stone, glass, ceramic, metals, and bone and ivory. Artefacts associated with daily activities such as cooking and dining, lighting the home, leisure time, and textile production are discussed in relation to specific examples from the archaeological record and textual sources. The section also addresses the extraordinary organic artefacts surviving from Egypt, and the special value of functional artefacts made of wood, textiles, leather, and other perishable materials. Organic artefacts associated with home furnishings and other textiles, writing tools and materials, basketry, and cleaning equipment, are discussed in relation to the experiences they facilitated in Roman and late antique Egypt. The chapter also discusses how these artefacts reveal the temporal rhythms of the home and multifunctional nature of domestic space and objects.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Original String and Bead Assemblages 原来的串和珠组合
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0003
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Original String and Bead Assemblages","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter provides a chronological and regional overview of trends in bead jewellery in Egypt from the Roman to late antique periods, and provides both a social interpretation of this material, and insights into wider topics such as trade connections, and the social transformations that occurred in late antiquity. It first sets out the material to be studied. Important data include a substantial number of tomb assemblages from Qau el-Kebir, which are newly context-dated. The chapter then provides an overview of trends, drawing on evidence from individual items, including those preserved exceptionally well through the survival of their original string. A chronological trend from more homogenous to more diverse assemblages is documented, which together with increasing levels of reuse of earlier bead types, and the much greater proportions of non-glass beads seen in the latest assemblages, suggests economic disruptions to production processes. Evidence of trade contacts between Egypt and other areas is documented, including links with Germanic areas, Iran, and the wider Indo-Pacific region. Two more specific investigations follow, first a consideration of ancient coloured string, especially red string, presenting evidence of its apotropaic function, and second an examination of evidence for curation, reuse, and heirloom status in bead assemblages and its interpretation from a social archaeology perspective, in which beads are shown to be important in constructing life course identities and affirming family lineages. It is also demonstrated through bead assemblages and pendants how the cultural lives of people in late antique Egypt show many similarities with other communities across the Byzantine world.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133385794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Egypt in the Roman and Late Antique World 罗马和古代晚期的埃及
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0012
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Egypt in the Roman and Late Antique World","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Following a short section summarizing the interpretative contributions of the book as a whole, this chapter takes a wider perspective, drawing on the material studied in the preceding chapters to first compare Egypt to the wider Roman world, and, second, examine the transition from the Roman to late antique period and beyond in Egypt. First, the overall contribution of the book is emphasized: a new interpretation which takes a social archaeology approach to everyday life. The point is also made that the work is grounded in a careful re-evaluation of object dating, and informed by neglected archive information. In addition to providing a secure foundation for the book, this fundamental research provides an important resource for future studies. Next, evidence for both similarities and differences to wider Roman culture is presented, and the multiple ways in which Roman-style material culture may have functioned within the social context of Egypt are examined. Finally, the relationship between the objects studied and wider social changes is investigated; the transition from the Roman to the late antique period, and beyond. This includes a consideration of the impact of Christianity, and wider evidence, through dress objects, of shared culture across the Byzantine Christian world, as well as evidence of economic change at the end of the Byzantine period in Egypt. Some aspects of continuity and change into the early Islamic period, as reflected through the material studied, are also briefly considered.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sound-Making Objects Sound-Making对象
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0010
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Sound-Making Objects","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter investigates a specific functional category of objects of everyday life: sound-producing objects, with a focus on ordinary, simple items such as bells, clappers, and rattles, and their social function and contribution to everyday experience. After an initial overview of the types of artefacts studied and their dating, evidence from a close examination of the objects themselves is set alongside wider knowledge of their use and social context available from visual and textual sources, and historical and anthropological studies that shed light on the social function of sound-making objects. An innovative aspect of this chapter is the use of evidence from artefact replicas regarding likely notes played, and the volume of the sound produced. This directly inform understanding of the possible roles played by particular types of instruments within everyday social experience in Roman and late antique Egypt, for instance whether they were suited to public performance, more individual entertainment and play, or wider social functions such as the production of alarm sounds, and their audibility to different social groups with discrepant hearing capacity, such as young children, or elderly people. Drawing on experimental recording data including the recreation of the acoustic environment within a Romano-Egyptian house, the final section examines how the sounds produced by the objects may have contributed more widely to the creation of ambient environments and collective experiences.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127206356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bracelets and Torcs 手镯和火炬
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0004
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Bracelets and Torcs","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter illuminates how bracelets and torcs were used to construct social identities, and their importance as protective artefacts, using new evidence, particularly relating to diameter sizes, to question some previous interpretations of these artefacts. It starts with a preliminary discussion regarding identification and how these objects were worn. The data set of bracelets is then presented and evidence for dating of particular bracelet types is considered. Evidence for the use and social function of bracelets is then set out, particularly diameter sizes, which are shown to be important in identifying use by people at particular life course stages, for instance infants and children. Bracelets are shown to be especially common as a children’s item in Egypt, in contrast to other provinces. One particular type of bracelet, the amuletic disc bracelet, is shown to be associated with protection during pregnancy. The chapter then examines torcs, and following a literature review and discussion of dating evidence for particular types, it is established that most are of sixth- to seventh-century CE date. It is also shown that, contrary to established opinion, torcs do not have military associations in the late antique period, at least in Egypt. The diameter sizes of types of non-openable torcs instead show a strong bias to wear by infants and young children. The social functions of torcs are then discussed, which could include protection, status assertion, and signifier of dedication to a particular role. Other topics discussed include inheritance of these objects within families.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133906781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Part I 第一部分简介
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0002
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Introduction to Part I","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter give an overview of dress objects from the Roman and late antique periods in Egypt and provides insights into their social function and meaning. It first surveys the site provenances of the dress objects in the Petrie Museum collection, and discusses particular issues that arise in their study (for instance, the use of material from grave assemblages to study dress). The wider range of dress objects in the Petrie museum collection is then surveyed, drawing out examples of notable artefacts that provide insights into important social phenomena in Egypt across the period studied. A strong relationship between dress objects and various stages of the life course is demonstrated, further explored elsewhere in Part I. Other notable insights relate to diachronic change in the construction of life course identities, the embodiment of identities through jewellery that was worn permanently, and the Roman discourse of beauty and adornment as represented in objects like hairdressing equipment. Questions of value, including jewellery as a store of wealth, and the different types of value demonstrated through evidence of wear and repair, are also discussed. Evidence of cosmopolitan societies is presented, especially resulting from the posting of military troops to Egypt. This comprises not only military brooches but also dress objects of Germanic origin such as dress pins and bucket pendants. The changing, context-dependent meaning of jewellery from Egypt with Christian themes and motifs is the final topic, discussing its multiple significance as material embodiment of faith, protective amulet, and expression of religious identity.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124414765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shoes and Sandals 鞋子和凉鞋
A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0005
Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey
{"title":"Shoes and Sandals","authors":"Ellen Swift, John K. Stoner, April Pudsey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the evidence for footwear from the Petrie Museum, in combination with comparative examples from other UK museum collections, to determine whether shoes had distinct cultural and social roles within Roman and late antique Egypt. First, the nature of the data set is discussed including methodological issues relating to the study of material from old collections. Topics then covered include footwear sizes, shoe decoration, deposition, and regionality. While there is no evidence, to date, that can be recovered regarding distinctions in decoration according to life course stages, decoration is proposed to have other functions, for example, apotropaic uses. Regarding deposition contexts, evidence from the presence or absence of wear is used to argue that some shoe types were made as burial items and never worn in life, and other possible depositional practices are also discussed. Regional and global fashions in Roman and late antique Egypt are then considered, putting forward evidence of ‘glocalization’ in the form of empire-wide shoe styles manufactured in materials indigenous to Egypt, such as reed. This also raises questions concerning the incompleteness of the archaeological record from other provinces in which such organic evidence is lacking.","PeriodicalId":169573,"journal":{"name":"A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117266299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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