Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0013
E. Fouksman
{"title":"Defending the Wage: Visions of Work and Distribution in Namibia","authors":"E. Fouksman","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Can those who cannot access wage labour imagine alternatives to it? Drawing on in-depth interviews with the long-term unemployed in rural Namibia, this chapter explores perceptions of work and redistributive policy proposals such as cash transfers and universal basic income (UBI). The chapter shows that even at the site of the 2008-9 basic income pilot in Namibia, the long-term unemployed continue to see wage work or entrepreneurship as a ‘proper’ source of income, as well as the basis for social, psychological and physical wellbeing. I argue that in thinking beyond the wage, both theorists and policy makers must consider not only income security but also alternative sources of meaning, absorption and social embeddedness in order to forge a new social, political and economic imaginary that lies beyond the confines of wage labour.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132764873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.46692/9781529208948.004
C. Strauss
{"title":"Seeking Attachment in the Fissured Workplace: External Workers in the United States","authors":"C. Strauss","doi":"10.46692/9781529208948.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529208948.004","url":null,"abstract":"To save labour costs, many United States employers have externalised all or part of their workforce, turning employees into independent contractors, hiring temporary workers, and relying on subcontracting firms. External workers have jobs in the formal sector, yet they lack many of the legal protections and fringe benefits of standard employment. What do these external workers desire in their jobs, beyond a paycheck? This chapter examines experiences and meanings of work among external contractors in the US. It finds that external workers seek to develop affective ties to their organisation and co-workers in spite of their externalisation. The chapter concludes that belonging and connection are not futile post-Fordist affects. Rather, they continue to provide meaning for workers pushed out of standard employment.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.12
N. Natarajan, K. Brickell, L. Parsons
{"title":"Choosing to Be Unfree?","authors":"N. Natarajan, K. Brickell, L. Parsons","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132015934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0005
A. Islam
{"title":"Wilful Resignations: Women, Labour and Life in Urban India","authors":"A. Islam","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Why do young women in New Delhi, India wilfully leave service employment even though their incomes are important for the sustenance of their families? This chapter seeks to answer this question based on long-term ethnographic research with lower middle-class women. It argues that that service employment is just one of many strategies that women invest in to secure their lives. In particular, women tend to leave low-paid and insecure service employment in instances where this employment is seen to represent a threat to their respectability. Young women switch from one activity to another in search for stability and security, combining employment, education, skills training, with domestic, care, and status-production work. Together these activities ensure the reproduction of life, underlining the importance of non-income generating activities and aspirations in shaping experiences of ‘ordinary work’.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127558613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.46692/9781529208948.008
N. Natarajan, K. Brickell, Laurie Parsons
{"title":"Choosing to Be Unfree? The Aspirations and Constraints of Debt-bonded Brick Workers in Cambodia","authors":"N. Natarajan, K. Brickell, Laurie Parsons","doi":"10.46692/9781529208948.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529208948.008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the experiences of debt-bonded brick workers in Cambodia, whose unfree labour contributes to the country's construction sector boom. Drawing on recent scholarship on the rise of debt as a coercive form of labour control within late-capitalist exploitation, the chapter asks how unfree labour relations constrain brick workers' aspirations for life beyond the kiln. In doing so, it considers how unfree labour represents a form of escape for many from unsustainable microfinance debt, while trapping them within the structural constraints of unfreedom. The chapter concludes that there is a need to foreground the role of unfreedom, and the constraints it places on worker agency, within accounts of unwaged and informal work.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115797778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.46692/9781529208948.009
A. Prins
{"title":"“Earning Money as the Wheels Turn Around”: Cycle-rickshaw Drivers and Wageless Work in Dhaka","authors":"A. Prins","doi":"10.46692/9781529208948.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529208948.009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the working lives of cycle-rickshaw drivers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It highlights the significance of unwaged rickshaw labour in enabling rural-urban migrants to navigate ecological and financial emergencies. The chapter argues that while hardly a safe or secure mode of work, the rickshaw industry nonetheless constitutes a relatively stable site of return when other labour projects fail. The importance of the rickshaw industry as a safety net for some drivers is increasingly undermined by the implementation of government licensing and mobility restrictions in Dhaka city. In analysing these restrictions, the chapter contests the idea that informal work is always already inherently precarious. Instead, it highlights how politics and policy interventions impact work-lives and make informal work precarious.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134056441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0007
V. B. Escobar
{"title":"Work Outside the Hamster’s Cage: Precarity and the Pursuit of a Life Worth Living in Catalonia","authors":"V. B. Escobar","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter asks why people deliberately choose to engage in precarious forms of work. It brings ethnographic attention to forms of work enacted by people involved in two alternative economic projects in Catalonia: an eco-network and an anti-capitalist cooperative. Members of both the eco-network and the Cooperative aimed to minimize their dependence on wage labour and instead sought out a ‘life worth living’ through forms of ‘alternative work’ (feina) and collective forms of living that offered them a sense of mastery and ownership over their lives. However, in addition to generating feelings of autonomy and empowerment, these activities also created forms of insecurity and exclusion. These findings challenge the materialism present in much of the literature on precarious work and suggest the need to reclaim work not only from the wage relation but also particular ideas of community.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122545083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.14
Mechthild von Vacano
{"title":"Going Gojek, or Staying Ojek?","authors":"Mechthild von Vacano","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pwns8p.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117081463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond the WagePub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0003
S. Strong
{"title":"The Work of Looking for Work: Surviving Without a Wage in Austerity Britain","authors":"S. Strong","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the everyday lifeworld of Jeff, an unemployed individual living in the Welsh Valleys—a highly deindustrialised area that is one of the UK’s most deprived regions. Jeff’s story demonstrates the damaging effects of austerity policies that have introduced greater levels of coercion and conditionality for the unemployed, accompanied as they are by heightened political rhetoric framing waged labour as the route to citizenship. Not only are these transformations callous: they also work against the ability of the unemployed to secure waged labour. Rather than a ‘workless’ existence, Jeff’s story illustrates the many and often desperate works that punctuate his attempts to survive without a wage—works that unfold socially and collectively through the politics of community and place.","PeriodicalId":169384,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the Wage","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}