Lucrezia Masci, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Raphael Gromig, Elias Kolovos, Katerina Kouli, Matthias Moros, Laura Sadori, Alexander Sarantis, Philip Slavin, Jakub Sypiański, Georgios Vidras, Cristiano Vignola, Bernd Wagner, Adam Izdebski, Alessia Masi
{"title":"Consilience in practice: social–ecological dynamics of the Lake Volvi region (Greece) during the last two millennia","authors":"Lucrezia Masci, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Raphael Gromig, Elias Kolovos, Katerina Kouli, Matthias Moros, Laura Sadori, Alexander Sarantis, Philip Slavin, Jakub Sypiański, Georgios Vidras, Cristiano Vignola, Bernd Wagner, Adam Izdebski, Alessia Masi","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3645","url":null,"abstract":"The Lake Volvi area, part of the region of Macedonia (northern Greece), is a biodiversity hotspot, located in the central part of a major communication corridor connecting the western and eastern parts of the Balkans. The sediment succession from Lake Volvi is investigated here to provide a unique high‐resolution pollen and geochemical record for the last 2000 years combining palaeoecological and historical methods, implementing the concept of consilience. The palaeoecological data document the environmental dynamics since the occupation of the area by the Romans. The vegetation changes reveal the development of wetland habitats and the variations of the mixed deciduous oak and thermophilous–mesophilous forests, as well as cereal cultivation, grazing and arboriculture, whose intensity varied over time. Archaeological data are available for the 1st millennium <jats:sc>ce</jats:sc>, but detailed historical evidence becomes accessible from the 13th century <jats:sc>ce</jats:sc> onwards through Byzantine and Ottoman documents. Both historical and palaeoecological data indicate that the 16th century was the period of strongest population pressure on the environment of the Volvi region. However, for other periods, it is possible to observe disagreements between the proxies. We demonstrate that these contradictions can be resolved with a more complex understanding of the region's social–ecological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Boyall, Celia Martin-Puertas, Rik Tjallingii, Alice M. Milner, Simon P. E. Blockley
{"title":"Holocene climate evolution and human activity as recorded by the sediment record of lake Diss Mere, England","authors":"Laura Boyall, Celia Martin-Puertas, Rik Tjallingii, Alice M. Milner, Simon P. E. Blockley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3646","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lake sediments are ideal archives to evaluate the interactions between climatically driven environmental responses and human activity on seasonal to multi-decadal timescales. This study focuses on the unique sediments of Diss Mere, the only lake in England providing an annually laminated (varved) record for most of the Holocene. We combine microfacies analysis with X-ray core scanning data to explore the influence of natural and human-led changes on sediment deposition over the past 10 200 years and evaluate the sensitivity of the lake sediments to climate variability through time. Variability of titanium (Ti), calcium (Ca) and silica (Si) explain most of the lithological changes observed in the sediment and we identify three stages with low (10 290–2070 cal a <span>bp</span>), intermediate (2070–1040 cal a \u0000<span>bp</span>) and intensified (1040 cal a \u0000<span>bp</span> – present) human influence. During the first stage, where varved sediments are preserved, Ti is low due to the minimal detrital input into the lake. Ca and Si during this stage reveal high-amplitude variability responding to seasonal changes in sediment deposition. The termination of varved sediment preservation and increases in sedimentation rates coincide with a major rise in Ti after this first stage, marking the intensification of human activity around the lake. Ca is used here as an indicator of temperature-included calcite precipitation, and the long-term variability of the Ca profile resembles Holocene temperature evolution. This continues during periods of intensified human activity, suggesting that the Diss Mere sediments remain sensitive to climate through time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"972-986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diatomite evidence for a small palaeo mountain lake at 3400 m asl, Lesotho, southern Africa","authors":"Jennifer M. Fitchett, Anson W. Mackay","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3643","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Lesotho Highlands experience an excess of rainfall sufficient to form the country's primary export, supplying the economic hub of southern Africa, Gauteng South Africa. However, there is currently only one natural lake in the country, Letšeng‐la Letsie, and evidence of palaeolakes in the region is therefore of particular interest. This study presents the analysis of a diatomite outcrop from a depression northwest of Mafadi Summit, at 3400 m asl. The presence of diatomite, dominated by the facultative planktonic species <jats:italic>Staurosirella pinnata</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staurosira construens</jats:italic> and abundant planktonic <jats:italic>Aulacoseira ambigua</jats:italic>, is indicative of the continuous presence of a shallow lake between ~4600 and 100 cal a <jats:sc>bp.</jats:sc> Comparative analysis of rainfall for the Mafadi and Letšeng‐la Letsie regions from CHIRPS gridded rainfall data demonstrates sufficient rainfall for a lake of comparable size, if not larger, as Mafadi receives considerably more rainfall than Letšeng‐la Letsie. Analysis of the SRTM 30‐m Digital Elevation Model and Topographic Position Index calculations demonstrate the feasibility of a shallow surface water feature at Mafadi. The conversion of this palaeolake into the contemporary wetland is hypothesized to be the result of post‐industrial warming, possibly augmented by migration of livestock into the Eastern Lesotho Highlands.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Currey cycle of Great Salt Lake: an early Younger Dryas lake in the Bonneville basin, Utah, USA","authors":"Charles G. Oviatt, D. Craig Young, Daron Duke","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3644","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest cycle of post-Lake Bonneville Great Salt Lake in the Bonneville basin, Utah, USA, was thought for many years to have formed the ‘Gilbert shoreline’ (quotation marks indicate lack of scientific support). Mapping of the ‘shoreline’ is not reproducible and the concept has multiple problems, including that the ‘shoreline’ cannot be correlated with the well-documented major rise of Great Salt Lake during the terminal Pleistocene. To avoid confusion, we propose abandoning the name Gilbert, which previously had been applied informally to both the hypothetical shoreline and lake cycle, and instead we use the name Currey cycle for the lake rise. During the Younger Dryas Currey cycle, Great Salt Lake became fresh to brackish about 12 700 cal a <span>bp</span>, and rose roughly 15 m higher than the modern lake. The end of the Currey cycle marked the beginning of extensive human occupation of the Old River Bed inland delta.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"932-945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Merino-Campos, Gonzalo David Sottile, María Eugenia de Porras, Marcela Sandra Tonello
{"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene vegetation changes in southeastern Patagonia (49° S): landscape changes related to disturbances","authors":"Víctor Merino-Campos, Gonzalo David Sottile, María Eugenia de Porras, Marcela Sandra Tonello","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3638","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3638","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeastern Patagonia's (49° S) post-glacial history inferred from high Andean lake sediments provides new insights regarding Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation dynamics at the eastern margin of the Southern Patagonian Icefield. The fossil records of pollen, charcoal and geochemical data from tephra layers from Laguna Chiquita and Laguna Gemelas Este were analysed to reveal past landscape dynamics related to vegetation changes, fire and volcanic events from <i>ca</i>. 15 200 cal a \u0000<span>bp</span> to the present. <i>Nothofagus</i> forest expanded over shrubland communities sometime between 15 200 and 4600 cal a \u0000<span>bp</span>, along with at least three disturbance sources related to the volcanic eruptions of Lautaro, Aguilera and Hudson, important local fire episodes, and neoglacial advances. Major charcoal deposition reveals moderate fire activity during the Late Pleistocene related to an open landscape characterised by a grass/shrub steppe. Local glacier advances may have affected the Laguna Gemelas Este sedimentation. Tephra deposition events do not correlate to vegetation changes inferred from the Laguna Gemelas Este and Laguna Chiquita pollen records. Late Holocene eastern Andean forest changes and fire activity at 49° S match other southern palaeoenvironmental records (50–52° S) suggesting that changes in the Southern Westerly Wind latitudinal position and intensity drove major palaeovegetation and fire dynamics before the European settlement. In the last centuries, fire and vegetation changes have been closely related to an increase in local ignition sources and the introduction of alien species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"946-959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Werner Nel, DOMINIC A. Hodgson, DAVID W. Hedding, Alex Whittle, ELIZABETH M. Rudolph
{"title":"Twenty‐thousand‐year gap between deglaciation and peat formation on sub‐Antarctic Marion Island attributed to climate and sea level change","authors":"Werner Nel, DOMINIC A. Hodgson, DAVID W. Hedding, Alex Whittle, ELIZABETH M. Rudolph","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3642","url":null,"abstract":"Radiocarbon dating of basal peats has been a key factor in determining minimum ages for deglaciation on sub‐Antarctic islands. On Marion Island, peat bogs dominate the landscape below 300 m a.s.l., and palynological assessments of peat cores have been used to assess the vegetation history and succession rates as well as the sensitivity of the indigenous flora to climatic change. Initiation of peat on the sub‐Antarctic islands signifies a major landscape change which has previously been linked to the retreat of glaciers. Here we test this hypothesis by comparing previously published and new basal peat ages from Marion Island with cosmogenic isotope dates for deglaciation, and local and regional palaeo‐environmental changes. Results show that, in common with other sub‐Antarctic islands, peat initiation occurred after the Antarctic Cold Reversal (15–13 ka) and through the early Holocene climate optimum. This substantially post‐dates cosmogenic isotope evidence for deglaciation from the basalts which shows that the areas where the peatlands dominate were ice‐free from the start of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (~31 ka). This suggests that environmental conditions controlled peat initiation rather than deglaciation. Regional climatic proxies show that during and after MIS 2, extremely low temperatures, extensive sea ice conditions and depressed sea surface temperatures together with lower sea levels at an island scale could have maintained conditions unfavourable for peat initiation at their current locations. On Marion Island, the significant gap of ~20 000 years between the timing of deglaciation and peat formation indicates that the use of peat basal ages as a proxy for the minimum age of deglaciation in the sub‐Antarctic should be used with extreme caution.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessio Iannucci, Beniamino Mecozzi, Antonio Pineda, Raffaele Sardella, Marco Carpentieri, Rivka Rabinovich, Marie-Hélène Moncel
{"title":"Early occurrence of lion (Panthera spelaea) at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulean site of Notarchirico (MIS 16, Italy)","authors":"Alessio Iannucci, Beniamino Mecozzi, Antonio Pineda, Raffaele Sardella, Marco Carpentieri, Rivka Rabinovich, Marie-Hélène Moncel","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3639","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long sedimentary sequence of Notarchirico has yielded evidence of one of the earliest Acheulean manifestations in Europe and of recurrent hominin occupation, spanning from the end of the interglacial MIS 17 to the glacial MIS 16 (~695–610 ka). Here, we report the new discovery of a lion, <i>Panthera spelaea</i>, from the site, based on a metatarsal from layer A. This part of the sequence dates to ~660–612 ka (MIS 16, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age). Therefore, Notarchirico's lion represents the earliest confirmed occurrence of the species in southwestern Europe, although older findings are known from adjacent areas. Lions and several other large mammal species dispersed into Europe during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition, which also witnessed the spread of the Acheulean. Ecological and behavioural adaptability was probably key, for hominins and other species, to cope with the intense and recurrent environmental fluctuations that occurred during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"683-690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Chourio-Camacho, Jean-Louis Grimaud, Hélène Tissoux, Paul Bessin, Pierre Voinchet, Emmanuel Vartanian, Mark Noble, Pascal Bertran
{"title":"Incision and rock uplift along the Lower Seine River since Marine Isotope Stage 8","authors":"Diana Chourio-Camacho, Jean-Louis Grimaud, Hélène Tissoux, Paul Bessin, Pierre Voinchet, Emmanuel Vartanian, Mark Noble, Pascal Bertran","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3640","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3640","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study of alluvial terraces helps in reconstructing the past geometries of rivers and makes it possible to assess the rate and pattern of fluvial incision and bedrock uplift. The fluctuations of river base levels are particularly variable and complex during the Late Quaternary in the lower course of rivers due to the interplay of responses to sea-level fluctuations, tectonics and glacio-isostasy. In this paper, the geometry and chronology of Manoir Brésil, an outcrop of alluvial terraces of the Lower Seine River, northern France, are investigated through a multidisciplinary study. Fluvial incision during MIS 8 in the Lower Seine in relation to sea-level drop is recorded by an erosional surface cut into the chalk bedrock. This surface is covered by MIS 7 tidal deposits and then by younger, mostly periglacial colluvium (head). Manoir Brésil is therefore considered to be a chronological equivalent of the nearby, well-studied Tourville-la-Rivière outcrop. The deposits are affected by post-MIS 7 cryoturbation processes. Based on the local elevation of MIS 7 tidal deposits and erosional surfaces at Manoir Brésil, a minimum bedrock uplift rate of 25–40 m/Ma and an erosion rate of 125 m/Ma during glacial periods can be proposed. A regional correlation of the MIS 8 erosional surface is increasingly deformed by uplift towards the North, making it difficult to correlate the fluvial deposits along the Seine without precise chronological control. We interpret this regional tilt as the result of isostasy rebound after glaciations, consistent with the distribution of the elevations of MIS 5e and MIS 7 marine deposits along the English Channel.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"872-889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rise and decline of Holocene tufas across Europe: exploring east/west and north/south similarities and differences in their development","authors":"Julie Dabkowski, Léa Beaumont","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An extended inventory of 82 well-dated European calcareous tufas is used to discuss the timing and amplitude of their onset, maximum and decline; in particular differences from east to west and between the Mediterranean area and the rest of Europe. Eastern deposits start to develop and reach their maximum slightly earlier than western tufas. Strong east–west differences in the timing and intensity of the climatic improvement during the first half of the Holocene explain the earlier development of eastern tufas compared with the west. The strongest differences are observed between Mediterranean deposits and other European tufas both in their development and decline, whether all or only fluvial deposits are considered, reflecting the important decoupling between Mediterranean and mid-latitude climate records. During the Late Holocene, the earlier and more pronounced tufa decline observed in European mid-latitudes is likely to result from more intense and rapid deforestation compared with the Mediterranean region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"960-971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lake Wellington and West Walker River in Great Basin of western United States: History and genesis","authors":"STEVEN G. Wesnousky, Brad Sion","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3626","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Closed basins within the Great Basin of the western United States were home to numerous lakes during the Pleistocene. One of these paleolakes along the western edge of the Great Basin, Lake Wellington, once filled a 10 × 25-km expanse of Smith Valley to depths approaching 90 m. This and other lakes that existed during the Pleistocene are generally considered to be <i>pluvial</i>, indicating contemporaneity with either or all a period of cooler climate, increased rainfall and snowmelt, and relatively reduced rates of evaporation as compared to today. Here we combine the results of <sup>36</sup>Cl terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating with soils and geomorphic observations to suggest Lake Wellington was not a pluvial lake but instead the result of a large landslide prior to ~43 ± 15 ka along the West Walker River where it exited Smith Valley. The observations collected also reveal an ancestral course of the West Walker River ~85 m above the current river grade. Attributing the elevation difference to incision caused by active 0.05 ± 0.01 mm a<sup>−1</sup> uplift of the underlying Singatse and assuming the ancestral course followed the same path as today places the age of the paleoriver course at ~1.7 Ma.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"919-931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}