Journal of Quaternary Science最新文献

{"title":"Modelling erratic dispersal accounting for shifting ice flow geometries: A new method and explanations of erratic dispersal of the British–Irish Ice Sheet","authors":"R. L. Veness,&nbsp;C. D. Clark,&nbsp;J. C. Ely,&nbsp;J. L. Knight,&nbsp;A. Igneczi,&nbsp;S. L. Bradley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3720","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glacial erratics are geologically distinctive rocks transported away from their source area by ice sheets and deposited in lithologically different bedrock areas. They have attracted much scientific curiosity with &gt;24 000 observations across the British Isles. A common misinterpretation is that they took a nearly direct line of transport from source to resting position, neglecting to change ice flow directions during ice sheet growth and decay. To rectify this, we sequentially modelled erratic time-space trajectories at 1000-year timesteps using ice flowlines in an empirically constrained ice sheet model simulation to predict erratic deposition areas. We addressed the processes of entrainment and deposition by combining all potential trajectories into a single footprint of possible locations. Erratic dispersal is predicted for three geologically distinctive lithologies; Shap Granite of Northern England, Galway Granite of Ireland and the Glen Fyne igneous complex from Scotland. The footprint of predicted trajectories compared against 1883 observations of erratic locations was found to successfully explain 77% of the observed erratics. Most erratics were explained by flow directions during ice retreat; however, some required earlier ice divide shifts to produce potentially long-duration, multiphase pathways. Our analysis demonstrates the possibility of explaining many erratics without explicitly modelling the complex processes of entrainment and deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 6","pages":"944-957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Middle and Late Devensian sequence from the northern part of Kents Cavern (Devon, UK)","authors":"Rob Dinnis,&nbsp;John Boulton,&nbsp;Barry Chandler,&nbsp;Jesse Davies,&nbsp;Jennifer C. French,&nbsp;Thomas Higham,&nbsp;Louisa Jáuregui,&nbsp;Mark Lewis,&nbsp;Matthias Meyer,&nbsp;Danielle Schreve,&nbsp;Chris Stringer,&nbsp;Chris Proctor","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3705","url":null,"abstract":"<p>1920s/30s excavation of a Middle Devensian sequence in the northern part of Kents Cavern recovered important Late Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic archaeological material, including Britain's oldest known <i>Homo sapiens</i> remains. Questions remain about this material, including how it came to be in the cave. Judged by the recorded distribution of finds it may have entered via the Northeast Gallery. A previously unrecorded entrance into the cave from the Northeast Gallery was identified in 2014, and a column through the entrance's sedimentary fill was excavated during 2015–2016. The results of that work are reported here. The entrance retains an intact and well-stratified Pleistocene sequence comparable to the ‘Cave Earth’ unit described previously inside the cave. The uppermost part of the newly recognised Northeast Gallery entrance sequence has been removed by historical excavation, with most of the remaining sediments spanning the Middle Devensian and earlier part of the Late Devensian. The sequence contains bone and pollen, and ancient mammalian DNA is preserved within the sediments. The base of the Northeast Gallery entrance sequence is formed of a clayey diamict comparable to the cave's ‘Breccia’ unit, a deposit currently understood as Middle Pleistocene, and previously identified only in Kents Cavern's southern chambers. Comparison of the excavated sequence with the historical record of the Vestibule excavation shows that the basal cave earth deposits in the Northeast Gallery entrance are significantly higher than those inside the cave. Although requiring further work to confirm, this suggests that the Northeast Gallery could have played a major role in the accumulation of material in the Vestibule during the Middle Devensian.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 6","pages":"925-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating the Middle Palaeolithic of Fumane Cave by the combined ESR/U-series method","authors":"Christophe Falguères,&nbsp;Giulia Gruppioni,&nbsp;Jean Jacques Bahain,&nbsp;Jean Michel Dolo,&nbsp;Marco Peresani","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3719","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fumane Cave, located in Northern Italy, is a major prehistoric site for understanding late Neandertal and early modern human behaviours. The cave contains a 12-m-thick stratigraphic sequence of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic layers, which have yielded a number of flint artefacts and faunal remains. The upper part of the stratigraphic sequence is well-dated using radiocarbon analysis, placing the last Middle Palaeolithic occupations at ca. 44–45 ka cal BP and the first Upper Palaeolithic occupations (Uluzzian and Aurignacian) after around 43 ka cal BP. However, the lower part of the stratigraphic sequence remains less well-documented chronologically. Previous thermoluminescence (TL) dating placed the entire sequence within the last climatic cycle, following the last Interglacial stage (MIS 5e). In this study, we present a revised chronology for the Middle Palaeolithic levels at Fumane Cave, based on combined Electronic Spin Resonance/Uranium (ESR/U)-series dating of herbivorous teeth spanning much of the sequence. Our results diverge from earlier TL data, indicating that the oldest layers date to MIS 7–6 (units S9–S3) and MIS 6–5 (units BR12–BR9). For the late Mousterian (units A11–A4) and the Upper Palaeolithic (unit A2), recalculated ages using new <i>in situ</i> gamma measurements align with existing radiocarbon and TL dates. However, our findings highlight the methodological challenges of applying ESR/U-series dating to samples younger than 50 ka, particularly in heterogeneous layers. These new results suggest that Middle Palaeolithic occupations at Fumane Cave spanned over 200 ka, covering the two most recent climatic cycles. This extended temporal framework parallels that of San Bernardino cave, another key site in Northern Italy, and underscores the prolonged presence of Levallois technology in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"862-875"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At the far end of everything: A likely Ahrensburgian presence in the far north of the Isle of Skye, Scotland","authors":"Karen Hardy,&nbsp;Natasha L.M. Barlow,&nbsp;Edward Taylor,&nbsp;Sarah L. Bradley,&nbsp;John McCarthy,&nbsp;Graham Rush","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Late Upper Paleolithic (LUP) site containing Ahrensburgian-type stone tools has been discovered at South Cuidrach, Isle of Skye, Scotland. Together with a group of intertidal stone circular alignments also recently discovered on the island, this new evidence for the occupation of northern Scotland also represents the most northerly LUP site in Britain. The timing of the continental Ahrensburgian culture is closely linked to the later part of the Younger Dryas, also known regionally as the Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS), a cold period that saw a significant ice cap and glacier expansion across the mainland of western Scotland. Here, we examine the climatic, environmental and relative sea-level contexts and reflect on the location of this site on an island to the north-west of the Younger Dryas ice mass. South Cuidrach is situated on the north coast of Skye, lying around 25 km north-west of the maximum known local extent of the Younger Dryas ice mass. Most of the lithic assemblage is made from locally available baked mudstone. The site has good access to coastal and riverine resources and readily available ochre, suggesting it was deliberately chosen. Together with the new stone alignments and several other nearby sites, this region now contains more evidence for the LUP than anywhere else in Scotland. The geography and Late Glacial environment of west Scotland comprised a volatile landscape of water, mountains and fluctuating glaciers and coastlines, a challenging area at the north-westerly limit of the European landmass that was very different to the Ahrensburgian core territories in mainland Europe. We anticipate that by examining this new evidence within the various broad geographical and geomorphological conditions, there is significant potential for the discovery of further LUP locations both on and off-shore in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"847-861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lowermost last-glacial equilibrium line altitude in the Taiwanese Central Mountain Range and its implications for the palaeoclimate and the tropospheric moisture transport in East Asia","authors":"Robert Hebenstreit,&nbsp;Jacob Hardt,&nbsp;Margot Böse","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3714","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high mountains of Taiwan provide a unique location for Quaternary palaeoclimate research in East Asia and the north-western Pacific. This study applies geomorphological field mapping and rock surface exposure dating with paired (¹⁰Be/²⁶Al) in situ-produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to identify and date glacial landforms and boulders in a relatively low-elevated (&lt;3300 m) section of the Taiwanese Central Mountain Range, the southern Nenggao Shan. We propose two major glacial phases during the last glacial cycle: 1) During the Marine Isotope Stage 3 to the early Marine Isotope Stage 2, a small plateau glacier covered the main crest with a glacier equilibrium line altitude at 2800 m. This is the lowest ever reported equilibrium line altitude in Taiwan. The ice retreated during or just before the global Last Glacial Maximum. This is consistent with scenarios from other East Asian mountain ranges. 2) During the late glacial until the early Holocene, six cirque glaciers formed exclusively in east-facing topographically favorable downwind positions. Their cirque floor elevations indicate an orographic equilibrium line altitude between 2700 m and 2800 m. These cirque positions confirm the dominant influence of the mid-latitude westerlies above the shallow winter monsoon on the high-altitude precipitation regime in East Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"831-846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroclimate variability in the eastern Kimberley, Australia, since the last deglaciation","authors":"Teresa Dixon,&nbsp;Rachel Rudd,&nbsp;Justine Kemp,&nbsp;Samuel Marx,&nbsp;Patrick Moss,&nbsp;John Nikolaus Callow,&nbsp;Philip Anthony Hall,&nbsp;Quan Hua,&nbsp;Hamish McGowan","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3710","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The climate of the Kimberley region in tropical northwest Australia is dominated by the Indo-Australian summer monsoon (IASM). Understanding of the palaeoclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum in this region, which is well placed to record IASM variations, is currently based on few records. Many of these are confounded by local environmental factors such as topography, anthropogenic activity or marine processes. Here, we present a geochemical record spanning the last 17 ka, in conjunction with pollen and charcoal records from 5.4 ± 0.1 ka (1 sigma uncertainty) to the present. The record comes from the floodplain of the Bullo River and as such represents variations in the hydroclimate of its 2000 km² catchment. Results show that the deglacial was characterised by a variable monsoon until the onset of a wet interval beginning at 12.9 ± 0.9 ka. The exact onset and intensity of a dry period following 5 ka are uncertain, but conditions became progressively drier until the climate amelioration to modern conditions. These results are broadly consistent with previous research and extend our understanding of deglacial and Holocene hydroclimate variability to the eastern Kimberley, 350 km east of previously published Kimberley palaeoenvironmental records.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"893-912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term hydrologic connectivity on the Australian dryland margins: Evidence from the Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area over the last 60 ky","authors":"Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons,&nbsp;Markus L. Fischer,&nbsp;Tegan Smith,&nbsp;Tobias Lauer,&nbsp;Maike Nowatzki,&nbsp;Kanchan Mishra,&nbsp;Colin V. Murray-Wallace","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3717","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The semi-arid Australian continental inland is increasingly subject to climatic extremes such as drought and flooding. Combined with the exceptionally low topographic relief characteristic of this region, hydroclimatic extremes can have an enormous impact on the land surface. Nevertheless our understanding of dryland hydrologic connectivity and earth-surface response remains poorly understood and largely unquantified. Here we investigate the impact of past hydroclimate on the semi-arid Willandra Lakes over the last 60 ky, integrating sediment-based chronologies for filling and drying of multiple basins with water-flux modelling and reconstruction of palaeoclimate parameters. We quantify the threshold inflow volume required to fill the lake system to 2 km³. We establish that prior to 25 ka, permanent lakes persisted for protracted periods of time in response to increased catchment precipitation, consistent with regional geomorphic indicators for wetter conditions. By contrast, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) oversaw rapid couplets of lake filling and drying despite lower precipitation, temperature, and increasing evaporation. We propose that seasonal snow melt from the highland headwaters during this cold phase, coupled with increased effective runoff due to reduced vegetation cover, was responsible for the large quantities of water entering the system at this time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"876-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary ancient DNA from caves: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Siobhan Evans,&nbsp;Bastien Llamas,&nbsp;Jamie R. Wood","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Caves are unique depositional environments that hold great potential for long-term preservation of DNA due to their typically cool and stable internal climates, buffered from external climate extremes. Bones from caves have long been recognised as an excellent source of ancient DNA, yet the potential for DNA preservation in cave sediments themselves has only recently begun to be explored. Here, we discuss features of caves that make them well-suited to the long-term preservation of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), focussing specifically on sources, taphonomy and preservation of cave sedaDNA. We also highlight opportunities for future work to improve our understanding of the processes influencing long-term DNA preservation within cave sediments. These recommendations seek to improve our understanding of sedimentary ancient DNA taphonomy within caves and enhance the level of insights about the past that can be gained from it and include: (1) designation of reference sections and sample repositories; (2) routine collection of sediment, mineralogy and geochemistry data; (3) routine collection of cave climate data; (4) increased application of microstratigraphic and spatial analyses; (5) advocating use of multiple proxies when interpreting results and (6) ensuring ethical best practices are followed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 4","pages":"565-578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain-size evidence of Middle Pleistocene sedimentary environmental changes in the eastern Tai-hang Mountains, North China","authors":"Kang Qi,&nbsp;Chen Liang,&nbsp;HongJuan Jia,&nbsp;LiHong Chen,&nbsp;WenBo Hao","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3716","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grain size is a proxy for climate and environmental change, and the results of grain size analyses can be used to infer the conditions and environment under which the sediments were formed. The eastern foothills of the Tai-hang Mountains in northern China are on the edge of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and are extremely sensitive to climate and environmental changes. Understanding the ecological changes in this region is vital for coping with future climate change and solving related climate and environmental problems. This study uses parametric grain size end-member analysis to discuss the depositional dynamics and ecological changes in the Middle Pleistocene of the Shijiazhuang JingXing YF profile. The results indicate that: (1) The OSL dates of the YF profile vary from 274 to 0.997 ka, and sedimentation began in the Middle Pleistocene. (2) The YF profile's sediments’ grain size is separated into four end elements: EM1 is the clay fraction produced by loam-forming action; EM2 and EM3 are long-distance transported fine silt and short-distance transported silt at low altitudes, representing the variation in East Asian Summer Monsoon intensity; EM4 represents the near-surface transported coarse silt fraction driven by East Asian Winter Monsoon power. (3) The grain size index reconstructed the paleoclimate of the Middle Pleistocene in the Shijiazhuang area, and it can be divided into four stages: 274–210 ka, the climate changed from cold to warm; 210–170 ka, was a warm period; 170–80 ka, the climate changed from warm to cold; and from 80–1 ka was a cold period. Multi-indicator comparisons show that the monsoon evolution recorded in the Middle Pleistocene YF loess-paleosol sequence is fundamentally consistent with changes in mid- to high-latitude solar radiation, and changes in solar radiation modulate that monsoon changes in East Asia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"820-830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation and climate history of the Tian Shan region of Xinjiang during the last millennium and their relations to past human civilization","authors":"Jian Huang,&nbsp;Fu-long Yao","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3713","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The arid Central Asia has long demonstrated a correlation between human activity and climatic fluctuations, particularly during the Holocene. However, Late Holocene palaeoclimate records remain sparse, limiting our understanding of the dynamic relationship between climate variability and human civilization over the past millennium. This study based on peat sediment samples from the Zhaosu Basin on the northern slopes of the Western Tian Shan Mountains, China, reconstructs vegetation and climate changes over the past millennium by employing precise dating techniques and high-resolution pollen analysis. The results were as follows: (1) grasslands have consistently dominated the northern slopes of the Western Tian Shan over the last millennium, as evidenced by the prevalence of pollen types, such as <i>Artemisia</i>, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 1046–1288 \u0000<span>ad</span>), frequently fluctuating <i>Artemisia</i>/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratios indicated a transition from warm–arid to warm–humid conditions. This trend shifted during the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1288–1476 \u0000<span>ad</span>), marked by increased <i>Picea</i> pollen and positive principal component analysis axis 2 scores, suggesting a cooler and wetter environment. Pollen concentrations of arborvitae and shrubs peaked during the LIA (1476–1606 \u0000<span>ad</span>), alongside high <i>Picea</i> content, signaling an intensified cold and wet climate. (2) Historical records correlate climate conditions with patterns of human habitation and development. The warm, humid climate during the MCA (1046–1288 \u0000<span>ad</span>) coincided with the Song Dynasty, fostering population growth and cultural development on both slopes of the Tian Shan region. Conversely, during the LIA (1288–1606 \u0000<span>ad</span>), cooling temperatures and frequent conflicts triggered significant migrations, particularly to the northern slopes, (i.e., during the Yuan-Ming period) where conditions were more favorable. The center of gravity of the population relocated to the northern slopes of the Tian Shan Mountains. This shift promoted agricultural advancements in later periods, despite the challenges posed by the harsher climate.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"794-806"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}