Fernando J. Fernández, Claudia I. Montalvo, M. Dolores Marin-Monfort, Renata Sostillo, Daiana G. Coll, Emily Lindsey, Karin A. Rice, Gary T. Takeuchi, Rodrigo L. Tomassini
{"title":"What happened with the smaller ones? First comprehensive taphonomic analysis of microvertebrates from the Late Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea (Los Angeles, USA)","authors":"Fernando J. Fernández, Claudia I. Montalvo, M. Dolores Marin-Monfort, Renata Sostillo, Daiana G. Coll, Emily Lindsey, Karin A. Rice, Gary T. Takeuchi, Rodrigo L. Tomassini","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rancho La Brea (RLB) in Los Angeles, USA, is an iconic fossil locality, owing to the high number and diversity of Quaternary vertebrate remains and their excellent preservation. More than a century of study, focused predominantly on large mammals, has provided valuable information along different lines of research, including taxonomy, taphonomy, isotopic ecology, functional morphology, and paleopathology. In order to develop a better understanding of the formation of this site, we conducted a taphonomic study of the microvertebrates, using samples from asphalt seeps dating to before the Last Glacial Maximum. The taphonomic evidence suggests that direct entrapment is the most plausible process to explain the primary accumulation of the thousands of microvertebrate remains. Based on the absence of digestive corrosion and feeding marks, low percentages of juvenile individuals, relative abundance patterns, and anatomical indices (postcranial elements vs. cranial elements and distal vs. proximal limb elements), the activity of predators/scavengers is ruled out as a primary process in producing the assemblages, although other processes, such as water transport of skeletal elements from nearby areas, could also have played a role in the formation of the deposits. The occurrence of successive entrapments and episodes of fluvial transportation, combined with post-depositional internal movement within the seeps, would have given rise to the development of time-averaged assemblages produced through a complex interplay of factors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 8","pages":"1364-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joan Macalalad, Kevin Welsh, Harald Hofmann, Geraldine Jacobsen, Zhenyu Ni, Enlou Zhang
{"title":"Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial branched GDGT-based palaeotemperature reconstruction from a subtropical Australian wetland","authors":"Joan Macalalad, Kevin Welsh, Harald Hofmann, Geraldine Jacobsen, Zhenyu Ni, Enlou Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Future projections of climate change in the subtropics suggest warming and drying, while evidence from warm periods in the past shows increases in subtropical temperatures and precipitation. Eastern Australia is subject to interannual hydroclimate drivers and has experienced extreme flooding and droughts in recent years. To understand how the changes to the mean global conditions may affect sensitive environments, such as the wetlands in this region, baseline records of mean temperatures, especially since and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), are vital. Several palaeoenvironment records exist from the coastal sand islands of Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island) and K'gari (Fraser Island), south-east Queensland. However, these records appear to show divergent responses to climate change. Whilst there are a variety of proxies used for environmental reconstruction (e.g., pollen, charcoal, dust flux), there are relatively few continuous records of quantitative temperature, which limits our understanding of the causes of environmental change. Presented here is a palaeoclimate reconstruction spanning the LGM to Holocene, utilising glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT), for Broutha Waterhole, a subtropical perched wetland in the Cooloola Sand Mass, Queensland, Australia, located between Minjerribah and K'gari. The GDGT-based palaeotemperature reconstruction features a temperature minimum of 17.0°C (~4.3°C maximum cooling) during the LGM, which is very close to the palaeotemperature recorded from K'gari and consistent with the Australia-wide temperature range. A progressively warming temperature during the deglacial is interrupted by a temperature decline (0.8°C–1.6°C) coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), followed by a stable warm Holocene. It should be noted that there are possibilities of hiatuses of different periods at Cooloola Sand Mass compared to K'gari and Minjerribah, which may imply different control on the sediment deposition. This study provides a palaeotemperature record through the LGM and deglacial period that contributes to the limited quantitative temperature data in the subtropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 8","pages":"1421-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Jomelli, Joanna Charton, José M. Fernández-Fernández, Régis Braucher, Didier Swingedouw, Amen Al Yaari, Marc Oliva, Stephanie Gairoard, Julia García-Oteyza, Aster Team
{"title":"Lateglacial and Holocene mountain glacier fluctuations near Cape Farewell South Greenland inferred from 10Be moraine dating","authors":"Vincent Jomelli, Joanna Charton, José M. Fernández-Fernández, Régis Braucher, Didier Swingedouw, Amen Al Yaari, Marc Oliva, Stephanie Gairoard, Julia García-Oteyza, Aster Team","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report 43 new <sup>10</sup>Be exposure ages and six <sup>26</sup>Al/<sup>10</sup>Be measurements from replicates from a small piedmont mountain glacier located at Cape Farewell (south Greenland) and temperature anomalies estimated from equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) changes derived from 3D glacier reconstruction carried out using the ‘GlaRe’ toolbox. Both ELA-derived temperature estimations and climate conditions documented from the transient simulation TraCE-21ka help us to explore the causes of glacier changes during the investigated period. Exposure ages span from the Oldest Dryas to the Late Holocene, revealing that the GrIS retreat in this valley permitted the individualisation or formation of a mountain glacier early in the Lateglacial. Interestingly, four of the six <sup>26</sup>Al/<sup>10</sup>Be ratios come from samples located on the oldest moraines do not reveal inheritance. The two other ratios suggest inheritance up to 6 ka. The oldest moraine combining a frontal and a lateral remain is dated to 18.4 ± 0.8 ka. Between 18 ka and ~14.7 ka, the glacier experienced a significant retreat interrupted by at least three minor advances or stillstands. We did not find any moraine formed either during the Younger Dryas, or during the Early and the Mid Holocene. The largest Holocene glacier advance occurred ~4.4 ka. Two other younger moraines were formed at ~2.9 ka and probably during the LIA. Temperatures of 3.3°C and 1.7°C colder than today may explain the glacier extent during the Lateglacial and the Holocene, respectively. Complementary dry regional climate conditions estimated from TraCE-21ka simulations during the Early Holocene may explain why the glacier was smaller than during the Late Holocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 8","pages":"1344-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabina Fiołna, Mustafa Doğan, Warren Eastwood, John Haldon, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Dilek Şenkul, Çetin Şenkul, Adam Izdebski
{"title":"Imperial systems and local landscapes of Buldan Yayla in Western Anatolia (Türkiye) during the last 4000 years: An integrated palynological, historical, and archaeological approach","authors":"Sabina Fiołna, Mustafa Doğan, Warren Eastwood, John Haldon, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Dilek Şenkul, Çetin Şenkul, Adam Izdebski","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates long-term impacts of empires on local socio-ecosystems in western Anatolia (modern western Türkiye) over the past four millennia. We focus on Buldan Yayla Lake, located in a small mountain basin north of the Büyük Menderes (Great Meander) River valley. By examining palynological data alongside historical and archaeological records, we show how four major empires—Hittite, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman—shaped land use, vegetation, and resource management practices in a specific locality within a wider regional and transregional economic network. The ebb and flow of empire resulted in cycles of land use intensification and rewilding, resembling broader patterns of regional integration and fragmentation. The different administrative and economic structures of each empire, however, left distinct ecological imprints, with evidence of shifts from extensive pastoralism to specialised crop cultivation, or from olive-focused agriculture to one dominated by mixed agriculture. These shifts underscore both the variation and the adaptability of local socio-ecological systems within broader imperial networks and highlight the interplay of transregional and local factors in landscape transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 7","pages":"1285-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making vertebrate fossil radiocarbon dates more useful for global scientific research","authors":"Salvador Herrando-Pérez, Thomas W. Stafford Jr.","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiocarbon dating of bones is essential for reconstructing timelines of species' occurrences, domestication, extinction, migrations, and interactions with Quaternary environments. Many studies compile these chronologies at continental to global scales by aggregating radiocarbon dates from various sources, often balancing data quantity and quality. A major challenge, however, is the frequent lack of reported bone-collagen pretreatment protocols, which directly affect dating accuracy. Without this information, radiocarbon dates cannot be reliably quality-ranked, and retrieving unpublished pretreatment details is often difficult due to lost data, outdated contacts, or restricted access to records. Researchers should ensure that pretreatments are replicable in their publications; and dated materials, taxonomic identities, geolocation details and genetic sequences are linked to individual radiocarbon dates. Journals should mandate the inclusion of reproducible radiocarbon chemistry and liaise with reviewers or advisory board members with expertise in chronological methods for studies presenting new dates or compilations of published dates. Radiocarbon facilities can enhance accessibility and transparency by publishing pretreatment protocols, documenting their history and digitizing older data. We advocate for the creation of a global radiocarbon database, emphasizing the need for close collaboration among the scientific community, dating facilities, research institutions and universities, as well as the adequate allocation of resources to generate and curate reliable radiocarbon data. The scientific community should recognize that current limitations in collagen purification compromise dating accuracy and might significantly affect critical research on Quaternary chronologies, megafaunal extinctions and human evolutionary history.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 8","pages":"1309-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Kramkowski, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Olga Antczak-Orlewska, Jacek Szmańda, Michał Fojutowski, Sebastian Tyszkowski, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, Michał Słowiński
{"title":"The decline of permafrost after the Last Glaciation—Relicts of Thermokarst Lakes in Northern Poland","authors":"Mateusz Kramkowski, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Olga Antczak-Orlewska, Jacek Szmańda, Michał Fojutowski, Sebastian Tyszkowski, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, Michał Słowiński","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of permafrost at the foreland of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is evidenced by a range of landforms and structures characteristic of the periglacial zone. In areas once covered by the LGM ice sheet, lake and peatland sediments serve as excellent archives for paleoclimatic reconstruction and environmental change analysis. Current knowledge suggests that the melting of buried dead ice blocks and the formation of deep kettle lakes occurred in tandem with the degradation of permafrost. In the Polish Lowlands, the first phase of lake formation corresponds to the Bølling–Allerød complex (14.7–12.8 ka cal BP). However, our understanding remains limited regarding the geomorphological and hydrological dynamics immediately following ice sheet retreat—particularly in relation to air temperature changes. Until recently, no in situ biogenic sediments had been found to record environmental changes in this highly dynamic postglacial system. The period of more than 1000 years between the ice sheet's disappearance and the formation of deep kettle lakes was occupied by thermokarst lakes—depression landforms caused by permafrost degradation and ground collapse under periglacial conditions. Preliminary studies have mapped over 200 relict thermokarst lakes (RTL) within the LGM extent in Poland. These are characterized by distinctive morphologies, including aligned orientations, marginal ridges, and location on sandy outwash plains (sandurs). The lack of previous studies in the European Lowlands may be due to their subtle landscape expression. The analysis of LiDAR data, combined with field verification, has greatly facilitated their identification and geomorphological interpretation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 7","pages":"1141-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Szczygieł, Philippe Audra, Christophe Larroque, Christophe Matonti, John Hellstrom, Riccardo Vassallo
{"title":"Unexpected latest Pleistocene W-dipping reverse fault-slip in the Maritimes Alps (SE France)—Insights from passage offset in Mescla Cave","authors":"Jacek Szczygieł, Philippe Audra, Christophe Larroque, Christophe Matonti, John Hellstrom, Riccardo Vassallo","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the late Quaternary fault reactivation within Mescla Cave, offering the first dated offset in the southwestern Alps (SW France). While our dataset is limited to one outcrop, the observed W-dipping reverse slip displacing cave passage represents an outlier among the scarce young Quaternary tectonic structures expected in this seismically active region. Using the <sup>230</sup>Th/U method, we dated fractured flowstones that predate the slip and stalagmite growth on the fault plane, bracketing the reactivation time frame from 51.6 ± 2.4 ka to 11.7 ± 1.3 ka. We interpret the detected displacement (23 cm) as secondary faulting associated with a larger, possibly distributed deformation along an unrecognised primary structure. Despite limited structural data containing only one strain, our findings highlight the geochronological value of caves in preserving deformation otherwise erased by erosion and provide new insights and questions into the active tectonics of the Maritimes Alps.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 8","pages":"1336-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Pineda, Beniamino Mecozzi, Alessio Iannucci, Marco Carpentieri, Raffaele Sardella, Suzanne Simone, Marie-Hélène Moncel
{"title":"Hominin and carnivore roles during the formation of the early Middle Pleistocene site of Loreto (Venosa Basin, southern Italy)","authors":"Antonio Pineda, Beniamino Mecozzi, Alessio Iannucci, Marco Carpentieri, Raffaele Sardella, Suzanne Simone, Marie-Hélène Moncel","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The site of Loreto (Venosa Basin, Italy) was first discovered in 1929 and subsequently excavated during the latter half of the 20th century. The excavation revealed three archaeo-palaeontological levels, with the lowermost level (Level A) yielding the largest number of remains. Despite the site's notable fossil record, which underscores its importance within the framework of the early Middle Pleistocene, extant research on the site's substantial mammalian fauna has hitherto been confined to a modest number of palaeontological descriptions. The present study constitutes the first taphonomic research of the faunal remains recovered from Level A of Loreto. The anatomical and taxonomic diversity is low, with a marked predominance of cervids. However, the sample appears to be biased by the almost complete absence of small fragments and the high proportion of identifiable remains. The influence of water on the osteological assemblage is minimal, thereby ruling out a fluvial origin of the accumulation. Moreover, anthropogenic and carnivore activity is limited, suggesting that these predators did not significantly contribute to the formation of the assemblages as accumulating agents. It is hypothesised that carnivores and hominins acted in independent events on different carcasses, with little or no interaction among them, as part of the foraging and resource acquisition activities developed in the region. The comparison of these data with those presented for the nearby site of Notarchirico facilitates an understanding of hominin behaviour in the Venosa Basin during the early Middle Pleistocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 7","pages":"1252-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin M. Keenan Early, Christopher J. Bell, Matthew J. Collins, Timothy M. Shanahan
{"title":"Proteomic analysis resulting in species-level identification of recently diverged North American arvicoline rodents","authors":"Erin M. Keenan Early, Christopher J. Bell, Matthew J. Collins, Timothy M. Shanahan","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>North American arvicoline rodents have long been considered to have high biogeographic, biochronologic, and paleoecological value. They provide relative dating of faunal assemblages when absolute dating is not possible and contribute to paleobiome characterization. However, the scientific value of Arvicolinae is often limited by the level of taxonomic identification achievable by morphological analyses. ZooMS (zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry) is a proteomic method that permits taxonomic identification of bone material. We added 19 North American arvicoline species to the ZooMS reference database to assess the level of taxonomic resolution between those species using ZooMS. Results show species-level taxonomic resolution for all tested arvicolines that diverged up to just under 1 mya. We estimate species-level taxonomic resolution is achievable for arvicolines that diverged up to 273 kya and up to 170.5 kya for members of <i>Microtus</i>. Application to arvicoline fossils demonstrates the presence of previously unidentified species of <i>Microtus</i> in the Great Basin, that isolated molars are sufficient for taxonomic identification, and provides results consistent with the morphological hypothesis that <i>Microtus paroperarius</i> and <i>Alexandromys oeconomus</i> are not conspecific. ZooMS can drastically improve taxonomic identification of arvicolines, and may increase their utility for biochronological, biogeographic, and paleoecological interpretations of Pleistocene faunal response to climatic and other environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 7","pages":"1240-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Middle to Late Pleistocene valley-slope cambering: The interglacial basin at Wing, Rutland, England","authors":"Philip Gibbard, Philip Hughes, John Lewin","doi":"10.1002/jqs.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A depression in the Jurassic bedrock at Wing, Rutland (eastern England), is infilled by deposits spanning the Late Wolstonian (=Late Saalian) to Early Devensian (=Early Weichselian) substages, including the most complete Ipswichian Stage (=Eemian Stage; ~Marine Isotope Stage 5e) sequence known in Britain. This sequence forms an enclosed pocket, the origin of which remains imprecisely determined. Re-examination of its morphometry, infill and setting of the basin, implies it originated as a feature or gull formed by valley-side cambering or associated landslide mass movement process of the Northampton Sand over clay bedrock. The surface glacial diamicton surrounding the hollow, collapsed into the void created, followed 880 years later by a water ponding related to rising groundwater level. By comparison to the annually laminated lake sequence at Bispingen, north Germany, the total time represented over 10 000 years. Through the temperate period, the depression developed into a raised bog and latterly a second ponded-water phase, the hollow finally being filled by inwashed soil and slope material with passage into the subsequent cold stage. The Wing sequence is proposed as the basal boundary stratotype of the British Devensian Stage at 5.67 m below the ground surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"40 7","pages":"1230-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}