Journal of Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Adverse event monitoring, assessment, and reporting in nutraceutical and phytoceutical trials for pediatric neuropsychiatric conditions: A systematic review.","authors":"Kalee Lodewyk, Darren B Courtney, Alexa Bagnell, Amanda S Newton","doi":"10.1177/02698811251344683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251344683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural treatments may be used as an alternative or adjunct treatment for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Knowledge of benefits and harms is needed to inform use guidelines. We aimed to systematically identify how and which adverse events are monitored, assessed, and reported in pediatric trials that tested nutraceutical and phytoceutical treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 2012 to 2024. Eligible studies included nutraceutical and phytoceutical trials, experimental or quasi-experimental in design, involving children or adolescents (age 4-19 years) with neuropsychiatric conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-eight trials were included with 75 reported as completed (77%). The most common natural treatment tested was polyunsaturated fatty acids (36%, 35/98). Most trials focused on treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (59%, 58/98) or autism spectrum disorder (21%, 21/98). Investigators from 74/98 trials (76%) reported methods that indicated adverse event monitoring. For these trials, events defined a priori for monitoring were identified in 43% (32/74), methods for collecting and recording events were described in 68% (50/74), and assessment of event severity and attribution was described in 49% (36/74) and 26% (19/74), respectively. Over 100 different adverse events were reported across completed trials. The most common events reported were gastrointestinal distress (65%, 49/75) and headache (33%, 25/75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found variability in monitoring, assessing, and reporting adverse events in pediatric trials of natural treatments. The adverse events identified in this review reinforces that specific events should be prospectively monitored in future trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251344683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of cannabis oil for autistic children with and without concomitant medications: Insights from an open-label study.","authors":"Nir Treves, Adi Dagan, Elkana Kohn, Ariela Hazan, Matityahu Berkovitch, Ibrahim Abu-Kishk, Netanel Agajani, Dana Barchel, Eli Heyman, Mirit Lazinger, Inbar Hartmann, Orit Stolar","doi":"10.1177/02698811251332841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251332841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although only two drugs are FDA approved for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), clinical practice treatment includes off-label use of medications to address the troubling symptoms of ASD. Several trials showed the beneficial effects of medical cannabis for alleviating symptoms of ASD. However, data are lacking regarding its safety and effectiveness as a single agent compared to add-on therapy.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the safety and effectiveness of medical cannabis as a monotherapy and add-on therapy in autistic children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open-label trial recruiting autistic children was performed and treated with medical cannabis oil with a THC:CBD ratio of 1:20, respectively. Tests were conducted at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. A secondary analysis was done to compare physical and behavior parameters, using tests such as Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Wechsler tests in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 109 participants, 81 completed the treatment. Thirty received cannabis as add-on therapy to a pre-existing treatment, whereas 51 received cannabis as monotherapy, with no observed differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The mean maximal CBD dose was 3.1 mg/kg/day in the monotherapy group, compared to 2.8 mg/kg/day in the add-on group (<i>p</i> = 0.40). In patients treated with drugs for psychosis, the mean maximal dose was 2.48 mg/kg/day (<i>p</i> = 0.12). No differences were observed in most physical and behavioral parameters. In addition, no differences in CBD blood levels were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Add-on cannabis therapy is as safe as monotherapy treatment, without significant differences in efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251332841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabimimetic and discriminative stimulus effects of hexahydrocannabinols in mice.","authors":"Julie A Marusich, Cassandra Prioleau, Luli R Akinfiresoye","doi":"10.1177/02698811251330739","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251330739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) recently appeared on the recreational drug market and is often sold as a legal replacement for Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC). Users primarily consume HHC for recreational purposes, but adverse effects have been reported. Given the scant literature on HHC, additional research is needed to better understand its effects.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study sought to determine whether 9(R)-hexahydrocannabinol [9(R)-HHC] and 9(S)-hexahydrocannabinol [9(S)-HHC] are psychoactive cannabinoids that share behavioral effects with Δ⁹-THC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male mice were administered 9(R)-HHC, 9(S)-HHC, or Δ⁹-THC and tested in the tetrad battery to examine cannabimimetic effects (i.e., locomotor suppression, antinociception, hypothermia, and catalepsy). Separate mice were trained to discriminate Δ⁹-THC from the vehicle in drug discrimination and subsequently tested with 9(R)-HHC and 9(S)-HHC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Δ⁹-THC and 9(R)-HHC produced cannabimimetic effects in all tetrad measures, and 9(R)-HHC fully substituted for Δ⁹-THC in drug discrimination. Δ⁹-THC and 9(R)-HHC showed similar potency across measures, except that 9(R)-HHC produced more hypothermia than Δ⁹-THC. By contrast, 9(S)-HHC only produced cannabimimetic effects in two tetrad measures, was less potent than Δ⁹-THC, and only partially substituted for Δ⁹-THC in drug discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>9(R)-HHC is likely to possess abuse liability in humans, whereas 9(S)-HHC may produce weak Δ⁹-THC-like psychoactivity in humans. The differences in the pharmacology between the two HHC epimers may lead to a range of effects in human users depending on the ratio of the epimers consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"736-743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol-induced rapid eye movement sleep suppression in rats: Comparison with subtype-selective GABA_A receptor compounds.","authors":"Jaren A Reeves-Darby, Lais F Berro, Heather L Hembree, James P Shaffery, James K Rowlett, Dishary Sharmin, Prithu Mondal, James M Cook, Donna M Platt","doi":"10.1177/02698811251344682","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251344682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use disorder patients experience reductions in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and other sleep problems. Little is known about the pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in this effect.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study compared sleep-wake states and electroencephalography (EEG) spectral power following exposure to ethanol and GABA_A receptor (GABA_AR) compounds with varying subtype selectivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley rats received ethanol or subtype-selective GABA_AR compounds, followed by EEG/electromyography (EMG) recordings for 12 h. These recordings were analyzed for sleep-wake state and EEG spectral power.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep-wake state analysis demonstrated that ethanol, the nonselective compound alprazolam, the α1-selective compound zolpidem, the α2/3-selective compound KRM-II-81, and the α5-selective compound MP-III-022 produced decreases in REM sleep. By contrast, the α4/6-selective compound, gaboxadol, only increased time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS). KRM-II-81 was the only compound to produce increases in time spent awake. The EEG spectral power analysis revealed that all compounds produced a unique signature, but none produced a signature similar to ethanol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analysis of sleep-wake states after administration of ethanol or GABA_AR compounds with varying subtype selectivity suggests that positive modulation of α1, 2, 3, and/or 5 subunit-containing GABA_ARs is sufficient to suppress REM sleep, and any or all may be involved in ethanol-induced REM sleep suppression. Also, our study suggests that α4/6 subunit-containing GABA_ARs may be involved in ethanol-induced increases in SWS. The lack of similarity between ethanol and the GABA_AR compounds in the pharmaco-EEG analysis suggests that neurotransmitter systems besides the GABAergic system are likely involved in the effects of ethanol on EEG spectral power.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"744-755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping acute alcohol effects on bodily sensations: A cross-dimensional interoceptive approach.","authors":"Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau, Olivier Desmedt, Micah G Allen, Reinout W Wiers, Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1177/02698811251338223","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251338223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interoceptive processes may underlie maladaptive patterns of alcohol use. Bodily sensations experienced during alcohol intoxication could therefore reveal distinct mechanistic components relevant for addiction theory and research. Here, we apply novel tools to examine how intoxication impacts somatic awareness using bodily maps and a cardiac interoception task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, within-subjects, placebo-controlled study, social drinkers (<i>n</i> = 37, 17 female) were administered 0.4 g/kg of alcohol. We measured changes in self-reported bodily sensations during the ascending and descending limbs of the blood-alcohol curves using the emBODY tool. Additionally, we recorded biphasic measures of subjective alcohol effects (sedation and stimulation), changes in heart rate, and assessed psychophysical measures of cardiac beliefs using the heart rate discrimination task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute alcohol administration altered bodily sensations, reflected by strong sensations in the chest, limbs, and head, with lesser effects in the placebo condition. Linear-mixed models examined correlates of bodily sensations across conditions. Extent of bodily sensations correlated with heart rate changes and breath alcohol content. In the ascending limb, bodily sensations negatively correlated with subjective stimulation and positively with sedation. Finally, extent of bodily sensations correlated with the metacognitive sensitivity of cardiac beliefs, suggesting a cross-dimensional integration between sensations and interoceptive awareness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the value of bodily mapping in psychopharmacology, as interoceptive components of alcohol intoxication may provide a somatic basis for addiction. We interpret our results through low-sensitivity models, suggesting individuals with reduced bodily sensations during intoxication may face elevated risk for alcohol use disorder, a hypothesis that will be examined in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminating evidence - use and misuse of the drug-discrimination test in abuse potential assessment of novel CNS drugs.","authors":"David J Heal, Sharon Lesley Smith, Jane Gosden, James Rowlett","doi":"10.1177/02698811251330780","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251330780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonclinical testing to predict the abuse potential of central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates is a mandatory part of the safety pharmacology assessment for medications seeking approval for human use. In the \"standard model,\" the drug candidate is tested to determine whether its psychoactive effects generalize to the discriminative cue of an abused drug that animals have been trained to recognize. However, CNS drugs with novel pharmacological mechanisms are challenging, and in response, the regulatory agencies have recommended alternative experimental designs. Variant 1: test the drug candidate in a series of drug-discrimination experiments that exemplify the major classes of abused drugs. Variant 2: use the drug candidate as a training cue. Back-test examples from established classes of abused drugs to see if they generalize to the drug candidate's cue. We critically assessed the pharmacological and translational validity of these protocols. The standard model is underpinned by decades of research and refinement and has the highest degree of translational validity. Question marks exist over the validity of substitution results when the drug candidate has no affinity for known abuse-related targets. Published research does not support the use of either of the alternative models. On the contrary, these models have no pharmacological rationale and, consequently, no translational validity. The review contains a decision tree on the appropriate application of the standard drug-discrimination model, together with recommendations for adapting the test when characterizing the psychoactive properties of drug candidates acting on novel CNS targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"629-651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Comprehensive Cannabis Motives Questionnaire (CCMQ).","authors":"John Moffitt, Carl Roberts, Paul Christiansen","doi":"10.1177/02698811251341371","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251341371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing scales that measure cannabis use motives have failed to incorporate the full range of motives that underpin cannabis consumption, especially with the increased use of medical cannabis. The current research aimed to develop a novel, psychometrically robust scale that comprehensively measures cannabis use motives. Here, we report the development and validation of the Comprehensive Cannabis Motives Questionnaire (CCMQ).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cannabis users completed a 45-item questionnaire measuring a range of cannabis use motives. A UK English-speaking sample (<i>n</i> = 450) provided data for exploratory factor analysis. A second UK English-speaking sample (<i>n</i> = 200) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was based on a third English-speaking sample (<i>n</i> = 45) who completed the revised, 41-item CCMQ twice across 2 weeks. A US-based sample (<i>N</i> = 216) was used to test measurement invariance of the scale across countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis provided an eight-factor solution. The eight factors were food, medicinal, sleep, social, high, coping, conformity and creative. All the factors had good to excellent internal reliability with McDonald's ω ranging between 0.85 and 0.97. Test-retest reliability was obtained for the revised 41-item questionnaire (Intraclass correlation's 0.5+ for Total Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire and each subscale). The eight factors were correlated with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test - Revised to assess relationships with problematic use. Finally, strict measurement invariance was achieved in comparisons between males and females and a UK sample against a US sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CCMQ provided a valid, reliable assessment of the motivations that underlie cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"703-714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of the 5-HT1A receptor in zebrafish responses to potential threat and in sociality.","authors":"Loanne Valéria Xavier Bruce de Souza, Larissa Nunes Oliveira, Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa, Monica Lima-Maximino, Vivianni Veloso, Caio Maximino","doi":"10.1177/02698811251350269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251350269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety is a normal emotion representing a reaction to potential danger, whereas fear can be defined as a reaction to real, explicit danger. Anxiety-like behavior in animal models has been associated with differences in the serotonergic system.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To understand the roles of the 5-HT1A receptor in zebrafish anxiety-like behavior and sociality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult zebrafish were treated with 8-OH-DPAT and subjected to the phototaxis (light-dark preference) assay, the novel tank test (NTT), or the social preference test. Separate cohorts were treated with increasing doses of 8-OH-DPAT, while 5-HT1A receptors were blocked with a silent dose of WAY 100635.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg) decreased anxiety-like behavior in the NTT, but increased it in the phototaxis (light-dark preference) assay, both considered assays for anxiety-like behavior for this species. The same dose decreased social approach in both the social investigation and social novelty phases of the social preference test. Blocking the 5-HT1A receptor with WAY 100635 (0.01 mg/kg) shifted the dose-response curve (0.03-3 mg/kg) for the NTT rightward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These effects suggest a participation of the 5-HT1A heteroreceptors in zebrafish anxiety and social preference, modulating anxiety in a test-dependent way and decreasing sociality. Thus, the study of this receptor is important for a better understanding of anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish and its relationship with similar phenomena in vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251350269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent substance use trajectories are associated with nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.","authors":"Juliann B Purcell, Heather E Dark, Sylvie Mrug, Marc N Elliott, Susan Tortolero Emery, Mark A Schuster, David C Knight","doi":"10.1177/02698811251344691","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251344691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent substance use is associated with disrupted communication among brain regions underlying reward-driven behaviors (e.g., nucleus accumbens (NAcc)) and cognitive/emotional control (e.g., prefrontal cortex (PFC); medial temporal lobe), which may be linked to poor future outcomes (e.g., substance use disorder). However, the relationship functional brain connectivity has with trajectories of adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use has received limited attention.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Investigate relationships between adolescent substance use trajectories and young adult whole-brain NAcc resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Substance use was assessed at ages 11, 13, 16, and 19. Subsequently (age 20), a subset of participants (<i>N</i> = 299) completed a single neuroimaging session. Latent growth curve models estimated substance use trajectories that included the intercept (age 14 use), linear slope (progression), and quadratic slope (acceleration), which served as predictors in neuroimaging analyses.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>Substance use trajectories representing greater age 14 usage, faster progression of use, and acceleration of use across adolescence would show stronger NAcc rsFC with regions implicated in cognitive/emotional control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age 14 use (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) was associated with NAcc rsFC with dorsolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), hippocampus, and amygdala. Progression of use was associated with NAcc rsFC with dorsolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, ventrolateral PFC, PHG, and amygdala. Finally, acceleration of use was linked with NAcc rsFC with dorsolateral PFC, ventromedial PFC, PHG, and hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NAcc rsFC with several brain regions (e.g., PFC subregions) varied with adolescent substance use, which may represent common neural mechanisms linking adolescent substance use with common psychological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"667-681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Maggie M Sweitzer, Julianna Lazzari, Jessica Lunsford-Avery, Francis Joseph McClernon, Scott H Kollins, Kenneth A Perkins, Matthew Engelhard","doi":"10.1177/02698811251344687","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251344687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use nicotine products at higher rates than those without. Greater initial sensitivity to nicotine's cognitive effects may explain this association.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined associations between cognitive effects of nicotine administration and subsequent preference for nicotine versus placebo among young adults naïve to nicotine with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 61 ADHD, <i>n</i> = 75 Control) completed subjective (concentration, alertness) and objective (continuous performance task (CPT)) cognitive assessments in response to 3 doses of intranasal nicotine (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg; 1 dose per session). Choice to self-administer nicotine versus placebo (i.e., nicotine preference) was then assessed in two subsequent sessions under different task conditions-high cognitive demand and low demand. Analyses examined cognitive effects of nicotine dose and related those responses to nicotine preference under different task conditions.</p><p><strong>Results/outcomes: </strong>Nicotine increased subjective concentration and alertness for participants with ADHD but not controls; improved concentration predicted greater nicotine preference. In both groups, nicotine decreased errors of omission but increased errors of commission on the CPT, which predicted increased and decreased nicotine preference, respectively, during high cognitive demand. During the non-demanding condition, increased errors of commission predicted lower nicotine preference only for controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/interpretation: </strong>Perceived cognitive enhancement by nicotine may serve as a mechanism of risk for continued use in individuals with ADHD experimenting with nicotine. These findings help to clarify mechanisms underlying ADHD/nicotine use comorbidity and underscore the importance of early prevention.Declaration of interest/Funding:This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"694-702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}