Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of artificial intelligence-based functions in intraoral scanners: A systematic review","authors":"Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD, Panagiotis Ntovas DDS, Abdul Basir Barmak MD, MSc, EdD, Miguel Gómez-Polo DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications have increasingly been developed and integrated in different digital data acquisition technologies, including intraoral scanners (IOSs). A comprehensive evaluation of their accuracy and current state is lacking.</div></div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications have increasingly been developed and integrated in different digital data acquisition technologies, including intraoral scanners (IOSs). A comprehensive evaluation of their accuracy and current state is lacking.</div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of AI-based applications integrated within IOSs to optimize digital data acquisition.</div></div><div>The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of AI-based applications integrated within IOSs to optimize digital data acquisition.</div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A literature search was completed in 4 databases: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Studies evaluating the accuracy of AI-based applications in IOSs to optimize the scanning process were included. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. The included articles were organized based on the AI-based applications tested: AI cleaning, automatic alignment with implant scan body (ISB) computer-aided design (CAD) file, and occlusal collisions correction of articulated scans in maximum intercuspation position (MIP).</div></div><div>A literature search was completed in 4 databases: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Studies evaluating the accuracy of AI-based applications in IOSs to optimize the scanning process were included. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. The included articles were organized based on the AI-based applications tested: AI cleaning, automatic alignment with implant scan body (ISB) computer-aided design (CAD) file, and occlusal collisions correction of articulated scans in maximum intercuspation position (MIP).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven articles were included. One study evaluated an AI-assisted scanning application and reported an overall improvement in scanning accuracy, evidenced by a lower root mean square (RMS) error in complete arch scans. Two studies assessed AI-based ISB file registration and reported conflicting results, with 1 study demonstrating improved accuracy and the other reporting reduced accuracy. However, differences in ISB design and implant scanning techniques were present among these studies. Finally, 4 studies evaluated occlusal collision correction; 3 reported improv","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages 997-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of collagen cross-linkers on the bonding performance of resin-dentin interfaces: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies","authors":"Haiya Liao BS, Huan Chen MS, Tianjia Huang MS, Song Zhu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Collagen cross-linkers have great potential for enhancing dentin bond strength, but their types are diverse, and the existing evidence requires systematic review.</div></div><div>Collagen cross-linkers have great potential for enhancing dentin bond strength, but their types are diverse, and the existing evidence requires systematic review.</div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of collagen cross-linkers on the immediate bonding strength and long-term stability of the resin-dentin interface, providing evidence for their experimental and potential clinical applications.</div></div><div>The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of collagen cross-linkers on the immediate bonding strength and long-term stability of the resin-dentin interface, providing evidence for their experimental and potential clinical applications.</div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>English-language studies published between January 2015 and September 2025 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. In vitro studies assessing the effects of cross-linkers on dentin using microtensile bond strength (µTBS) were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to cross-linker type and application method. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes, and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was calculated.</div></div><div>English-language studies published between January 2015 and September 2025 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. In vitro studies assessing the effects of cross-linkers on dentin using microtensile bond strength (µTBS) were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to cross-linker type and application method. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes, and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was calculated.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 63 studies were included. Aldehyde-, chitosan-, riboflavin-, polyphenol-, and carbodiimide-based cross-linkers were found to enhance immediate or long-term bonding strength under specific conditions, with more consistent effects when used as pretreatment with the etch-and-rinse system. Evidence for chitosan- and siloxane-based cross-linkers was limited, and their reinforcing effects remain unconfirmed. Bonding efficacy depended on cross-linker type, application mode, and adhesive strategy. Most studies had medium bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence was low to very low, with significant publication bias in aged subgroups of aldehyde- and polyphenol-based pretreatments.</div></div><div>A total of 63 studies were included. Aldehyde-, chitosan-, riboflavin-, polyphenol-, and carbodiimide-based cross-linkers were found to enhance immediate or long-term bonding strength unde","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages e10-e27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of post-printing cleaning solutions on the occlusal wear and fracture resistance of 3D printed resin-based crowns after thermomechanical aging","authors":"Gökberk Koçer DDS, Gülce Çakmak DDS, PhD, Burak Yılmaz DDS, PhD, Volkan Şahin DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Evidence concerning the influence of post-printing cleaning solutions and thermomechanical aging on the fracture and wear resistance of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin-based definitive crowns is limited.</div></div><div>Evidence concerning the influence of post-printing cleaning solutions and thermomechanical aging on the fracture and wear resistance of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin-based definitive crowns is limited.</div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of different post-printing cleaning solutions on the occlusal wear and fracture resistance of 3D printed resin-based crowns after thermomechanical aging.</div></div><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of different post-printing cleaning solutions on the occlusal wear and fracture resistance of 3D printed resin-based crowns after thermomechanical aging.</div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Maxillary first molar crowns were fabricated from a urethane acrylate-based resin (TR) and a glass-filled composite-based resin (SR) (<em>n</em>=80 each). Crowns were cleaned with 98% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 96% ethanol (ETA), a water-based solution (WTR), or a methyl-ether–based solution (SLV) (<em>n</em>=20 per subgroup). Half of the specimens in each subgroup (<em>n</em>=10) underwent thermomechanical aging and were used for occlusal wear analysis followed by fracture testing, whereas the remaining specimens (<em>n</em>=10) were used for fracture testing without aging. The crowns assigned to thermomechanical aging were scanned before and after aging, and maximum wear depth and volume loss were calculated using a 3D analysis software program. All specimens (N=160) were subjected to fracture testing, and the fracture load values were recorded. The data were analyzed using 2-way and 3-way factorial ANOVA models. The Tukey post hoc test was applied for wear analyses, and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons based on estimated marginal means were used for fracture resistance (α=.05).</div></div><div>Maxillary first molar crowns were fabricated from a urethane acrylate-based resin (TR) and a glass-filled composite-based resin (SR) (<em>n</em>=80 each). Crowns were cleaned with 98% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 96% ethanol (ETA), a water-based solution (WTR), or a methyl-ether–based solution (SLV) (<em>n</em>=20 per subgroup). Half of the specimens in each subgroup (<em>n</em>=10) underwent thermomechanical aging and were used for occlusal wear analysis followed by fracture testing, whereas the remaining specimens (<em>n</em>=10) were used for fracture testing without aging. The crowns assigned to thermomechanical aging were scanned before and after aging, and maximum wear depth and volume loss were calculated using a 3D analysis software program. All specimens (N=160) were subjected to fracture testing, and the fracture load values were recorded. The data were analyzed using","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages e118-e124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of the neutral zone impression technique into a digital workflow for removable complete denture fabrication: A clinical report","authors":"Berfin Nur Eriş Boyraz DDS,&nbsp;Alper Aktosun DDS,&nbsp;Sina Saygılı DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Canan Bural Alan DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This clinical report describes a digital workflow integrating the neutral zone technique for fabricating removable complete dentures in a patient following mandibular resection and radiotherapy. A functional neutral zone impression was scanned and used to guide tooth arrangement and the design of the removable complete dentures. The definitive removable complete denture demonstrated satisfactory retention and stability, with no complications observed at the 3-month follow-up.</div></div><div>This clinical report describes a digital workflow integrating the neutral zone technique for fabricating removable complete dentures in a patient following mandibular resection and radiotherapy. A functional neutral zone impression was scanned and used to guide tooth arrangement and the design of the removable complete dentures. The definitive removable complete denture demonstrated satisfactory retention and stability, with no complications observed at the 3-month follow-up.</div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages 902-906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor regarding, “Dimensional accuracy and clinical adaptation of monolithic zirconia crowns…” and “Effect of finish line designs on the dimensional accuracy of monolithic zirconia crowns”","authors":"Jizhe Lyu BS,&nbsp;Xunning Cao BS,&nbsp;Xu Yang DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Jianguo Tan DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Liu DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.05.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.05.054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages e137-e138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Review Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0022-3913(26)00614-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-3913(26)00614-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete arch digital implant capture using a smartphone-based photogrammetry app: An in vitro comparative study of the accuracy of different fiducial marker designs","authors":"Alicia Martínez-Marugán DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Andrea Santamaría-Laorden DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Pablo Gómez-Cogolludo DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Alma Patricia Baldera Rodríguez DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Cristina Andreu-Vázquez PhD,&nbsp;Jaime Orejas-Pérez DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A smartphone-based photogrammetry app has recently been introduced as an accurate and cost-effective alternative to conventional extraoral photogrammetry and intraoral photogrammetry devices for complete arch implant capture. However, the influence of the fiducial marker design on its trueness and precision has not been investigated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A smartphone-based photogrammetry app has recently been introduced as an accurate and cost-effective alternative to conventional extraoral photogrammetry and intraoral photogrammetry devices for complete arch implant capture. However, the influence of the fiducial marker design on its trueness and precision has not been investigated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of fiducial marker designs on the accuracy of a smartphone-based photogrammetry app for complete arch implant capture.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of fiducial marker designs on the accuracy of a smartphone-based photogrammetry app for complete arch implant capture.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A milled titanium cast with 6 multiunit abutment (MUA) analogs was digitized and 90 complete arch implant captures were performed using a photogrammetry application (PIC app; PIC Dental) with 3 different fiducial marker configurations: standard, mini, and combined markers (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;=30 per group). Linear and angular discrepancies were calculated relative to the measurements obtained on the digitized reference model with a coordinate measuring machine. The Bonferroni pairwise comparisons (α_adjusted=.0125) test was used to analyze the trueness data, and the Levene test was used to analyze the precision values.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A milled titanium cast with 6 multiunit abutment (MUA) analogs was digitized and 90 complete arch implant captures were performed using a photogrammetry application (PIC app; PIC Dental) with 3 different fiducial marker configurations: standard, mini, and combined markers (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;=30 per group). Linear and angular discrepancies were calculated relative to the measurements obtained on the digitized reference model with a coordinate measuring machine. The Bonferroni pairwise comparisons (α_adjusted=.0125) test was used to analyze the trueness data, and the Levene test was used to analyze the precision values.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Statistically significant differences were found among marker designs for both linear and angular trueness and precision (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). The combined configuration provided the highest accuracy, followed by the standard and mini markers. All discrepancies remained within clinically acceptable limits for passive fit in complete arch implant-supported fixed prostheses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Statistically significant differences were found among marker designs for both linear and angular trueness and precision (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.00","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages e54-e60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical scanning accuracy evaluation of two intraoral photogrammetry systems","authors":"Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD,&nbsp;Rocio Cascos DDS,&nbsp;Abdul B. Barmak MD, MSc, EdD,&nbsp;Michael Drone DDS,&nbsp;Miguel Gómez-Polo DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Implant positions captured by using intraoral scanners (IOSs) is dependent on the scanning technique selected. An intraoral photogrammetry (PG) system has been reported as a reliable technique for capturing implant scans; however, the accuracy of a recently developed intraoral PG system remains unknown.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Implant positions captured by using intraoral scanners (IOSs) is dependent on the scanning technique selected. An intraoral photogrammetry (PG) system has been reported as a reliable technique for capturing implant scans; however, the accuracy of a recently developed intraoral PG system remains unknown.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the scanning accuracy of complete arch implant scans captured using 2 intraoral PG systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the scanning accuracy of complete arch implant scans captured using 2 intraoral PG systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A patient having 4 healthy implants with 4 implant abutments (SRA Abutments) participated in the study. Three consecutive scans were captured by using an extraoral PG method (Micron Mapper) to obtain the reference data. Two groups were created based on the intraoral PG system used to obtain the experimental complete arch implant scans: Elite (Aoralscan Elite) and F-Air (Freedom Air). In the Elite group, a scan body (&lt;span&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;-Kit) was hand tightened into each implant abutment, and consecutive implant scans were obtained by using the calibrated corresponding IOS. In the F-Air group, a long scan body (&lt;span&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;-type) was hand tightened into the right and left implant abutments located in the first molar positions, and a short scan body (SQ-type) was hand tightened into the right and left implant abutments located in the canine positions. Then, consecutive implant scans were obtained by using the PG scanning tip and the corresponding IOS. All the experimental scans were exported in an STL file format, selecting a healing abutment geometry (HC SRA Straumann). All the reference and experimental scans were imported into a dental program (DentalCAD) to design a complete arch implant-supported bar. Then, a reverse engineering program (Geomagic) was used to measure the linear and angular distances among the implants of each bar design. The average distances of the 3 reference scans were used as a reference to compute scanning accuracy. The independent samples &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; test was used to analyze trueness. The Levene test was used to examine precision (α=.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A patient having 4 healthy implants with 4 implant abutments (SRA Abutments) participated in the study. Three consecutive scans were captured by using an extraoral PG method (Micron Mapper) to obtain the reference data. Two groups were created based on the intraoral PG system used to obtain the experimental complete arch implant scans: Elite (Aoralscan E","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages 1071-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical dimension of occlusion restoration using a digital injectable composite resin technique: A 5-year clinical follow-up","authors":"Victor Clavijo DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Livia Dario Martins DDS,&nbsp;Vittorio Moraschini DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Luis Felipe J. Schneider DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Larissa Maria Assad Cavalcante DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This technique article describes a digital protocol for oral rehabilitation using injectable flowable composite resin. The method integrates intraoral scanning, digital smile design (DSD), and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed diagnostically waxed casts to fabricate silicone matrices for the sequential injection of composite resin. This technique successfully restored the patient's vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and provided a minimally invasive solution. A 5-year clinical follow-up confirmed the approach's durability, although periodic maintenance polishing was required.</div></div><div>This technique article describes a digital protocol for oral rehabilitation using injectable flowable composite resin. The method integrates intraoral scanning, digital smile design (DSD), and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed diagnostically waxed casts to fabricate silicone matrices for the sequential injection of composite resin. This technique successfully restored the patient's vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and provided a minimally invasive solution. A 5-year clinical follow-up confirmed the approach's durability, although periodic maintenance polishing was required.</div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages 1092-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of microhardness, surface roughness, retain-->Candida albicans adhesion, and color stability among TiO₂-coated and uncoated conventional, milled, and 3D printed denture base materials","authors":"Merve Koseoglu DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Harshdeep Bhatia PhD,&nbsp;Christos G. Takoudis PhD,&nbsp;Gulcin Akca MD, PhD,&nbsp;Mustafa Altindis MD, PhD,&nbsp;Funda Bayindir DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Cortino Sukotjo DDS, PhD, MMSc, MHPE","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Studies investigating the effect of the titanium dioxide (TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) coating on the microhardness, surface roughness, &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C albicans)&lt;/em&gt; adhesion, and color change of conventionally manufactured, milled, and printed denture bases are lacking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Studies investigating the effect of the titanium dioxide (TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) coating on the microhardness, surface roughness, &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C albicans)&lt;/em&gt; adhesion, and color change of conventionally manufactured, milled, and printed denture bases are lacking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness, surface roughness, &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion, and color change of different TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-coated and noncoated denture bases.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness, surface roughness, &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion, and color change of different TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-coated and noncoated denture bases.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disks were fabricated using different fabrication methods: conventionally heat polymerized, milled, and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed (N=240). Half of the specimens’ surfaces were coated with TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The microhardness of specimens was measured, yielding Vickers hardness numbers. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer. &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion was quantified as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Color difference between coated and noncoated specimens was evaluated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Factorial and 2-way ANOVA and the Pearson correlation analyses were used for statistical analyses (α=.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disks were fabricated using different fabrication methods: conventionally heat polymerized, milled, and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed (N=240). Half of the specimens’ surfaces were coated with TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The microhardness of specimens was measured, yielding Vickers hardness numbers. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer. &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion was quantified as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Color difference between coated and noncoated specimens was evaluated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Factorial and 2-way ANOVA and the Pearson correlation analyses were used for statistical analyses (α=.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The production method and the coating status of the specimens affected the microhardness, surface roughness, and &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). Surface roughness and &lt;em&gt;C albicans&lt;/em&gt; adhesion were positively correlated (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001, r=0.904). The color change between TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-coated and noncoated specimens was affected by the color and production method (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The produc","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"136 4","pages":"Pages 1223-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}