Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Roughness and stain durability of additively manufactured zirconia after simulated erosive, abrasive, and thermal intraoral challenges.","authors":"Cecilia Santos Galvao, Mustafa Borga Donmez, Ediz Kale, Hanan Al-Johani, Özgür Ozan Tanrıkut, Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro, Burak Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Esthetic properties of additively manufactured (AM) zirconia can be enhanced by extrinsic staining, but data on its surface roughness (Ra) and stain durability under intraoral challenges remain limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This in vitro study aimed to compare the Ra and stain durability of extrinsically stained AM zirconia with those of subtractively manufactured (SM) zirconia and lithium disilicate, following erosive, abrasive, and thermal challenges.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Disk-shaped specimens (Ø13×2 mm) were produced using an AM zirconia (INNI Cera BCM W1000, AM-ZR), an SM zirconia (VITA YZ ST, SM-ZR), and an SM lithium disilicate (UP.CAD HT, SM-LD) (N=16). One surface of each specimen was externally stained (B4, VITA AKZENT Plus) and glazed (VITA AKZENT Plus Glaze LT). After initial R_a and color assessments, specimens were randomly assigned into 2 subgroups (n=8). One subgroup per material was first exposed to an erosive challenge (5% hydrochloric acid, pH=2, 91 hours) before all specimens were artificially brushed (5000 cycles) and thermocycled (10 000 cycles). Ra and color coordinate measurements were repeated following each process. To evaluate stain durability, color differences (∆E₀₀) were calculated between successive time intervals as well as between the baseline and final measurements. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to compare baseline Ra, and generalized linear model analysis and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests were used to assess the effect of material type and time interval on Ra and ΔE₀₀ within erosive challenge subgroups and the effect of material type and erosive challenge on the final Ra and ΔE₀₀ among subgroups (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SM-ZR specimens had the lowest baseline Ra (P<.001). After thermocycling, in the absence of erosion, SM-LD had the lowest Ra among tested materials, SM-ZR had its highest R_a, and SM-LD had lower Ra compared with baseline (P<.001). Noneroded SM-LD had the lowest final Ra values (P≤.001), except for the eroded SM-ZR (P=.398). Among eroded specimens, AM-ZR had the highest ΔE₀₀ after brushing (P≤.020). In addition, after brushing ΔE₀₀ of noneroded SM-ZR was lower than its final ΔE₀₀ (P=.013). Eroded AM-ZR had higher final ΔE₀₀ than noneroded SM-LD (P=.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the previously reported clinical perceptibility threshold, AM-ZR had Ra comparable with that of SM-ZR and SM-LD, irrespective of the time interval and erosive challenge condition. The final ΔE₀₀ of all specimens was moderately unacceptable, except for noneroded SM-LD, which exhibited perceptible color change.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally invasive approach to hypoplastic stains with complementary color neutralization: A clinical report.","authors":"Bruna F Lage, Ana Clara M Barcelos, Amanda S Silva, João Paulo A Rocha, Alice M Barcelos, Ricardo R Oliveira, Hugo H Alvim","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A minimally invasive technique is described for masking enamel hypoplasia stains in a young patient with minimal or no tooth wear and different opacity patterns on the central and lateral incisors, canines, and first molars. The selected technique involved masking the affected substrate with resin pigments in complementary colors to the stain, followed by a composite resin overlay with minimal tooth structure wear. After pigmentation, the stains were neutralized, resulting in a neutral gray substrate that required the use of a higher-value composite resin to achieve complete stain masking. This technique is safe and effective, providing satisfactory esthetic outcomes with minimal loss of healthy tooth structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of grinding and polishing on the surface characteristics of additively manufactured monolithic zirconia: An in vitro study.","authors":"Kevin Bibera, Antheunis Versluis, Angela Gullard, Wainscott Hollis, Jane Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Whether additively manufactured zirconia produced by stereolithography (SLA) or digital light processing (DLP) techniques can be polished effectively to achieve surface smoothness comparable with that of milled zirconia is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the surface roughness and topography of 2 additively manufactured zirconia materials fabricated via DLP and SLA with conventionally milled zirconia after a common zirconia finishing and polishing technique.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three types of monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated (n=10): milled, DLP-processed (Lithoz), and SLA-processed (3D Ceram). Surface roughness (R_a) was measured at 4 stages: as-sintered, ground, ground and polished, and polished. Grinding and polishing were performed using a standard zirconia polishing system. Surface morphology and roughness were characterized, followed by 2-way ANOVA and pairwise comparisons (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both additively manufactured groups demonstrated significantly lower as-sintered surface roughness than milled zirconia (P<.05). Grinding increased surface roughness across all groups, with the largest change observed in the SLA group. Grinding followed by polishing and polishing untreated surfaces significantly reduced surface roughness for all specimens except the SLA group, which exhibited minimal difference from its as-sintered state. This was attributed to its horizontally oriented build layers. All polished surfaces achieved R_a values below 0.2 µm, the threshold for plaque accumulation. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the elimination of grinding grooves and comparable smoothness among groups after polishing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tested additively manufactured zirconia produced by DLP and SLA achieved smoother as-sintered surfaces than milled zirconia. Polishing effectively reduced surface roughness below the clinical threshold, demonstrating that the additively manufactured zirconia could meet surface quality standards for long-term intraoral performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reestablishment of dentition within the digitalized neutral zone: A dental technique.","authors":"Zheng Zheng, Wenhui Lyu, Wenchuan Chen, Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving satisfactory function and comfort in complete arch implant-supported fixed dental prostheses remains a significant clinical challenge. Functional impairments frequently arise when the positioning of prosthetic teeth deviates from the boundaries of the neutral zone. This technique article introduces a protocol to digitally locate the neutral zone, thereby facilitating an optimal prosthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in vitro assessment of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and advanced lithium disilicate ceramics for Ti-base restorations: Surface roughness, cytocompatibility, and quantitative fibroblast adhesion response.","authors":"Doruk Altıok, Begüm Coşar, Ecem Sancar, Pelin Kılıç, Selim Erkut","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Peri-implant soft tissue integration and compatibility is critical for the long-term success of implant-supported restorations. Ceramics used with Ti-base abutments differ in their physicochemical properties and biological behavior. However, these differences remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the surface properties, cytocompatibility, and fibroblast adhesion response of zirconia (ZIR), lithium disilicate (LD), and advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) ceramics used for Ti-base restorations. All comparisons were performed using a standardized 2-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture model of human gingival fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Standardized ZIR (inCoris ZI), LD (IPS e.max CAD), and ALD (CEREC Tessera) (n=13) were fabricated according to manufacturer instructions. The study focused on 2D polished or glazed surface topography (Ra), cytotoxicity, integrin beta-4 (ITGB4) expression, and cytomorphology. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were cultured on each material, and cytotoxicity was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ITGB4 expression in hGFs, evaluated as an adhesion-related integrin marker, was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 7 days. Cell morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZIR exhibited significantly lower surface roughness than LD and ALD (P<.001). All materials remained below the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold. ZIR demonstrated the lowest mean cytotoxicity and higher ITGB4 expression in hGFs compared with LD (adjusted P=.022), whereas ALD did not differ significantly from the other groups (LD, adjusted P=1.0; ZIR, adjusted P=.221). SEM was used solely for qualitative biological support.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All tested ceramics were biocompatible; however, ZIR provided the smoothest surface and a more favorable cellular response, as indicated by fibroblast adhesion. These findings suggested that polished ZIR may offer advantages for peri-implant soft tissue compatibility in the transmucosal region of Ti-base restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for pain and stress in temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Aakanksha Gaba, Sonali Perti, Shruti Vishal Dev, Parteek Walia","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have been described as multifactorial conditions involving musculoskeletal pain, psychological distress, and impaired jaw function. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been increasingly used to manage the psychological components of chronic pain, its isolated effectiveness for TMDs remains uncertain because of methodological variability in existing studies.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT for reducing pain and psychological stress among adults with TMDs compared with conventional therapeutic interventions alone.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search of RCTs published within the past 10 years was conducted across 4 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Study selection, quality appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, data extraction, and meta-analysis were performed independently by 2 reviewers. A random-effects model was used to compute pooled standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs, with 413 participants, were analyzed. CBT interventions, whether delivered independently or combined with occlusal devices or manual therapy, demonstrated moderate improvements in pain and psychological distress. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.53 (95% CI: -0.06 to 1.12; P=.068), reflecting moderate but statistically nonsignificant effectiveness. Heterogeneity across studies was considerable (I²=77%). Sensitivity analyses indicated variations in intervention duration as a potential source of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBT effectively reduced the pain and psychological distress associated with TMDs, with optimal outcomes when integrated into multidisciplinary treatment approaches. However, evidence remains limited because of the moderate risk of bias, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods. Future research should prioritize standardized CBT protocols and long-term outcomes to enhance clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdentinal cytotoxicity of resin-based cements on odontoblast-like (MDPC-23) and human dental pulp cells.","authors":"Isabela Dos Reis Souza, Maria Luísa Leite, Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro, Josimeri Hebling, Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa, Taisa Nogueira Pansani","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>The variety of resin cements available for cementing fixed prostheses raises concerns regarding their cytotoxicity as the components of these materials may interact with pulp cells and induce adverse biological responses. Therefore, assessing the biocompatibility of these cements is essential to ensure their clinical safety.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the transdentinal cytotoxicity of resin-based materials used for cementation of prosthetic components on odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Dentin disks obtained from 60 intact human third molars were adapted to fit into artificial pulp chambers (APCs). Then, resin-based cements were applied to the occlusal surface of these disks (n=6/treatment) to establish the groups: negative control - no treatment (NC); Single Bond Universal (positive control - PC); RelyX Luting 2; RelyX U200; and RelyX Ultimate. After 24 hours, the extracts (culture medium containing components of the materials diffused through the disks) were collected and applied to MDPC-23 cells and HDPCs previously seeded (1×10⁴ cells/compartment) in 96-well plates. Cells were assessed for viability (VI; AlamarBlue and Live or Dead), adhesion and spreading (A/S F-actin), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization nodule (MN) deposition (ANOVA/Tukey; α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reduction in VI, A/S, ALP, and MN occurred in the groups in which resinous materials were used, except for the RelyX U200 group. The RelyX Luting 2 group showed the most pronounced negative effects compared with the NC group. The cytotoxicity of the materials tested was more intense for MDPC-23 cells than in HDPCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RelyX U200 was the only dental material among the resin-based cements tested that caused no transdentinal toxicity to MDPC-23 cells and HDPCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fracture strength and failure mode of zirconia molar implant abutments manufactured with additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies.","authors":"İrem Beril Yeşil Kurt, Ping Li, Sebastian Spintzyk, Almira Ada Diken Türksayar","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Studies comparing and evaluating the additive and subtractive manufacturing of zirconia implant abutments are limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of additively and subtractively manufactured 2-piece zirconia abutments.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The specimens were divided into 3 subgroups: control group (prefabricated titanium abutment: PZ), subtractive manufacturing group (SZ), and additive manufacturing group (AZ) according to the abutment manufacturing technique (n=10). Abutments and crowns designed to replicate a mandibular molar tooth morphology were fabricated from 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP zirconia disks for each group. In the SZ group, the zirconia abutment was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing, whereas in the AZ group the zirconia abutment was fabricated using additive manufacturing. Except for the PZ group, zirconia abutments were cemented onto titanium base abutments using a hybrid abutment resin cement, and all abutments were subsequently screw-retained to the implants (Ø4.4×12 mm, internal connection, Trias Implants; Servo-Dental GmbH & Co KG) with a torque of 25 Ncm. Prior to crown cementation, the intaglio surfaces of all crowns were airborne-particle abraded using 110-µm Al₂O₃ particles and treated with a primer. The crowns were cemented to the abutments under a constant load in all groups using a dual-polymerizing resin cement. The artificial aging process was conducted within a mastication simulator subjected to 1 200 000 cycles, followed by fracture resistance testing performed using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope, and fracture lines were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under ×35 magnification (EVO 40; Carl Zeiss AG). Data were evaluated using the Welch ANOVA with Tamhane T2 post hoc tests (α=.05) RESULTS: A significant difference was found among the groups in fracture resistance (P=.011). The AZ group showed higher values than the PZ group (P=.041), while no significant differences were observed between AZ and SZ (P=.080) or PZ and SZ (P=.999). SEM analysis showed crack and fracture lines. PZ specimens exhibited plastic deformation, whereas SZ and AZ groups exhibited different failure types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Additively manufactured zirconia abutments demonstrated fracture strength comparable with that of subtractively manufactured zirconia abutments and higher than that of prefabricated titanium abutments, with screw loosening being the predominant failure mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding, \"Trueness of 3D printed removable partial denture frameworks: Investigation of printing parameters and storage conditions\" by Ferreira et al.","authors":"Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of color stability and wear resistance of different 3D printed definitive restorative resins.","authors":"Zülal Çoban Gündogan, Özgün Yusuf Özyilmaz, Özlem Kara","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Subtractive manufacturing in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems has been extensively studied, but additive manufacturing materials, particularly those used for definitive restorations, are relatively new and data regarding their clinical performance remain limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the color stability of 3 different 3-dimensionally (3D) printed definitive restorative materials under 5 different Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage illuminants and to compare their metameric color differences. In addition, the mechanical wear resistance of these materials was evaluated independently.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 135 specimens with thicknesses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm were 3D printed according to the manufacturers' protocols. Color was evaluated before and after thermocycling under 5 illumination conditions (D65, D50, A, F11, F2). ΔE₀₀ values were analyzed using mixed-design analysis of variance (α=.05). Wear was evaluated in 2.0-mm specimens using simulated mastication and volumetric analysis, and the wear data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) RESULTS: All specimens exposed to illuminant A exhibited clinically unacceptable color changes, regardless of material type or thickness. Under illuminants D50, F11, and F2, color changes were perceptible but remained within clinically acceptable limits. Thermal aging significantly reduced ΔE₀₀ values (P=.001). Although wear was observed in all groups, no significant differences were found in volumetric loss (P=.139).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Illuminants significantly influenced color stability across all resin types and thicknesses, whereas increased restoration thickness was associated with reduced color change perceptibility. In addition, no significant differences in wear volume were found among the tested 3D-printed definitive restorative materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}