Technical Annals最新文献_第2页

International Law on Cultural Heritage: The Benefit of Updating the International Community’s Classification of Perpetrators of Cultural Heritage Looting and Destruction 文化遗产国际法:更新国际社会对掠夺和破坏文化遗产肇事者分类的益处

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34844

P. Agelarakis

{"title":"International Law on Cultural Heritage: The Benefit of Updating the International Community’s Classification of Perpetrators of Cultural Heritage Looting and Destruction","authors":"P. Agelarakis","doi":"10.12681/ta.34844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34844","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 (Hague Convention), the international community has committed to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. Remaining one of the most central dedicated pieces of International Law on cultural heritage, the lack of updated International Law on the concept finding similar levels of success in obligating states and generating new norms regarding cultural heritage has exposed the age of the convention. Absent from the Hague Convention is a proper classification of perpetrators of cultural heritage crimes. In the past, perpetrators have been convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, yet convictions were linked with other egregious acts. The 2016 International Criminal Court Al-Mahdi Case and United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 both declaring perpetrators of cultural heritage crimes are war criminals was a significant advancement, yet limited, particularly as war crimes cannot occur during times of peace and the difficulty of International Law’s application of rules of war during non-international conflict. This research project argues that purposeful looting and destruction of cultural heritage can and ought to be considered a crime against humanity. Through this approach, a greater number of cultural heritage crime perpetrators can be held accountable. By educating civilians on the importance of cultural heritage and previous state commitments, increased pressure can be placed on governments to abide by previous international commitments, hold states accountable for actions or inactions, and facilitate further transdisciplinary efforts for cultural heritage protection and preservation.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125331982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aspects of Significance in the “Dark Heritage” of Thessaloniki, Greece 希腊塞萨洛尼基“黑暗遗产”的意义

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34308

Dimitrios Zygomalas

{"title":"Aspects of Significance in the “Dark Heritage” of Thessaloniki, Greece","authors":"Dimitrios Zygomalas","doi":"10.12681/ta.34308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34308","url":null,"abstract":"Located in the north of Greece and boasting an interrupted history of over 2.300 years, Thessaloniki has a wide array of architectural monuments to display. Hellenistic residences, Roman administrative centers, Byzantine churches, and Ottoman communal buildings have shaped for decades the city’s historical profile, leaving limited space for a nonetheless widely acknowledged architectural grouping, namely its “dark heritage”. \u0000Comprising buildings and sites that have over the years been related to rare phenomena and curious events, Thessaloniki’s “heritage of darkness” fascinates the imagination of its residents, in addition to providing a frequent subject for the writings of local journalists and researchers, and a focal point in the work of the services and bodies involved in monument protection. The above players evidently evaluate its constituents in different manners, thus leading to the emergence of multiple aspects of significance in the appraisal of the city’s “dark heritage”. \u0000This paper aims to identify these aspects and determine their interrelation and impact on the preservation of the buildings and sites involved. To this end, based on bibliographical research and on-site examination, it begins with a comprehensive overview of the dreaded built assets, followed by the identification of the players involved in their treatment and their respective attitudes. From there on, a discussion of the interaction of these attitudes is pursued, culminating in original conclusions as to the consequences of this interaction for the safeguarding of the tangible and intangible qualities of the city’s “heritage of the dark”.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"118 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120827470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highlighting of the Interwar identity of the Fokionos Negri street-linear park. Fokionos Negri线性街道公园突出了两次世界大战之间的身份。

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34807

Georgia Eleftheraki, Hélène Haniotou, M. Markou

{"title":"Highlighting of the Interwar identity of the Fokionos Negri street-linear park.","authors":"Georgia Eleftheraki, Hélène Haniotou, M. Markou","doi":"10.12681/ta.34807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34807","url":null,"abstract":"The Greek legal framework for the protection of the architectural heritage of the center of Athens promotes, for historical-political reasons, its archaeological wealth and neoclassical interpretation, neglecting the protection and promotion of important buildings and open spaces of the 20th century which, as modern monuments, complete the city’s image and identity, interpreting its evolution mechanisms and the way that people appropriate it in the everyday life. Our research project aims to study the historic urban landscape of the Fokionos Negri street- linear park that has been formed during the first half of the 20th century and hosts many buildings characteristic of \"Athenian modernism\", an area of significant importance for the functional and social evolution of the wider center of Athens. The research goals have a triple approach, architecture, landscape and social. One of the main goals is the presentation and analysis of the notable morphological and typological features of the interwar apartment buildings on the street, but also of the history of their people. This approach is presented in the issue we created for one of the Interwar apartment buildings and landmark of the area, the Lanaras family’s apartment building. The project aims to contribute both to the documentation of the interwar architectural heritage of Athens and to the production of a broad framework of knowledge that may be the basis for how to understand and appreciate the historic urban landscape in Greece, in order to elaborate the criteria of its protection and prudent management.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extensive Restorations of Arched Stone Bridges: the Examples of Plaka Bridge in Greece and Stari Most in Bosnia and Herzegovina 石拱桥的大规模修复:以希腊普拉卡桥和波黑斯塔里Most为例

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34836

Vasileios Tzoumas

{"title":"Extensive Restorations of Arched Stone Bridges: the Examples of Plaka Bridge in Greece and Stari Most in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Vasileios Tzoumas","doi":"10.12681/ta.34836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34836","url":null,"abstract":"In the last thirty years, Europe has experienced two major destructions of important monuments of its cultural heritage. They are both related to the collapse of stone-built, arched bridges, which were closely linked to the history and evolution of the bridging areas. \u0000In 1993, the historic Mostar Bridge (Bosnia and Herzegovina), built in 1566 by the Ottoman architect Mimar Hajrudin, almost completely collapsed, bridging the Neretva River. The cause of the collapse was the relentless bombardement of Mostar during the Yugoslav war (1992-1995). In 2015, the entire central arch and almost 90% of the eastern pier of Plaka’s bridge in Tzoumerka collapsed, following extreme weather events and a rise in the level of the Arachthos River. The bridge was erected in 1866 by master builder Kostas Bekas. The restoration of these bridges were complex, high-tech projects, and posed great challenges, being global innovations. \u0000This article gives a brief presentation of the two bridges, and analyzes the administrative and technical framework for their restoration. The purpose of this article is to compare and evaluate common and non-common features of the two projects, since the innovative ways of restoring them can be methodological models for the restoration of similar structures.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-earthquake assessment of monumental building in Croatia by 3Muri software 3Muri软件对克罗地亚纪念性建筑的震后评估

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34856

R. Zarnic, V. Rajčić

引用次数: 0

Redefinition of Rural Spaces: A Methodological Tool 乡村空间的重新定义:一种方法论工具

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34775

Evanthia Kanaraki, A. Konstantopoulou, Elina Ntogou, Rena Klabatsea, E. Konstantinidou

{"title":"Redefinition of Rural Spaces: A Methodological Tool","authors":"Evanthia Kanaraki, A. Konstantopoulou, Elina Ntogou, Rena Klabatsea, E. Konstantinidou","doi":"10.12681/ta.34775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34775","url":null,"abstract":"The desolation of rural areas and historic settlements is a particularly intense phenomenon in recent decades. Gradually, the tradition and history of these places are being worn away leading to the alteration of their identity. The economy is monopolized by the service and tourism sectors and quite often, this converts them into a seasonal touristic product. \u0000The \"redefinition\" of the rural space is a necessary condition in order to formulate a sustainable strategic plan which will respond to contemporary needs and at the same time, respect the uniqueness of the place and preserve its cultural identity. \u0000This paper attempts to highlight a methodological tool for the planning of the rural areas, in terms of protecting and promoting them, on the occasion of the research carried out in the context of a diploma project for the broader region of Fodele village, in northern Heraklion (Crete). \u0000A key element for the research is the utilization of endogenous resources and their correlation with extraneous trends. Using this tool, conceptual networks of different resource types are created. By projecting these networks onto the space, and taking into consideration geospatial criteria (proximity, topography, type of resource), spatial units of particular identity are being formed. Resources- networks of social type and stakeholders co-act to implement a strategic plan for the revitalization and promotion of the spatial units (anthropogenic and physical environment). \u0000The procedure relates to a system of successive space readings and interpretative mapping at multiple scales. The conclusions derived from each stage lead to the next. Ultimately, this interdisciplinary process forms the essential background and design principles, for the articulation of a comprehensive strategic plan, aiming at the revitalization of the rural space and its sustainable development/enhancement (cultural, heritage, economic, environmental, etc.) in contemporary terms.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128372545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public Procurement and Mediation to Facilitate Procedures for the preservation of World's Cultural Heritage 公共采购与调解促进世界文化遗产保护程序

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34810

Maria Sideri

引用次数: 0

(Technological) Globalization and Anthropogenic Heritage (技术)全球化与人为遗产

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34823

Charalampos Kokkinos

{"title":"(Technological) Globalization and Anthropogenic Heritage","authors":"Charalampos Kokkinos","doi":"10.12681/ta.34823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34823","url":null,"abstract":"The concepts of culture and civilization have been directly linked to the process of social construction since the dawn of human history. A philosophy of civilization presupposes a history of human evolution that would seek to highlight humanity’s achievements through which we have reached the modern age. Now, even more so after the middle of the 20th century, the relationship between material civilization and technology has also been emphasized in the context of the protection of a “global cultural heritage”. Part of this new general concern is the well-known debate about the return of the Parthenon “marbles”. In this article, we will initially focus on the influence of the anthropogenic object heritage on the evolution of societies, arguing that it determines our collective experience and social memory to an important extent. We believe that such an analysis could beneficially contribute to a more meaningful understanding of a crucial topic of our modern technological era, an era that combines the clash of civilizations with globalization. We propose that the vision of a culture as a common possession of all humanity presupposes the respect of each country’s right to possess and care after its own cultural tokens.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123049453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismic-Energy Combined Retrofit Systems of Historical Buildings 历史建筑震能联合改造系统

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34801

Ubaldo Saracco, Emilia Meglio, A. Formisano

{"title":"Seismic-Energy Combined Retrofit Systems of Historical Buildings","authors":"Ubaldo Saracco, Emilia Meglio, A. Formisano","doi":"10.12681/ta.34801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34801","url":null,"abstract":"The current trend in retrofitting existing buildings is mainly seen under the environmental aspect, giving little attention to seismic issues. Contrary, recent European Union’s policies in this field are based on integrated approaches aimed at improving both energy and earthquake performances. Therefore, the so-called seismic coats have been launched on the building market. In this framework, the design of a new system for seismic-environmental requalification of existing constructions made of masonry or reinforced concrete is presented and illustrated in the present paper through the application of a cold-formed steel framed structure. This system is provided with both insulation panels, used to provide energy benefits, and a X-bracing system, employed to absorb part of the seismic forces to preserve the existing structure from damage. In the current research work, firstly, a description of the coat’s components is presented. Secondly, the anti-seismic solution has been used to reinforce RC frames and its effectiveness has been proved by refined mechanical analyses in the non-linear field. Finally, the comparison of performances of examined structural system before and after the intervention has been made to evaluate the benefits provided by the proposed coating system under a seismic viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":168394,"journal":{"name":"Technical Annals","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123165307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The need to safeguard cultural heritage against climate change 保护文化遗产免受气候变化影响的必要性

Technical Annals Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.12681/ta.34857

Anila Sulaj, Brixhilda Kadiu, A. Terpollari

引用次数: 0