Journal of pharmacological methods最新文献_第5页

Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardiovascular agents in the isolated intact rabbit heart 离体完整兔心脏中心血管药物的电生理评价

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90011-S

Scott M. Balderston, Kenneth E. Johnson, Michael J. Reiter

{"title":"Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardiovascular agents in the isolated intact rabbit heart","authors":"Scott M. Balderston, Kenneth E. Johnson, Michael J. Reiter","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90011-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90011-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modification of the Langendorff perfused rabbit heart is described. This model can be used to perform electrophysiologic studies in the isolated heart and is ideally suited for acute pharmacologie evaluation. His bundle electrograms were measured with a plunge electrode and allowed atrioventricular (AV) nodal physiology to be directly and precisely evaluated. Atrial conduction and refractoriness, atrioventricular node conduction and refractoriness, His-Purkinje conduction, and ventricular conduction and refractoriness could be accurately measured.</p><p>Verapamil had a depressant effect on AV nodal conduction and refractoriness without affecting His-Purkinje conduction or myocardial refractoriness. Flecainide prolonged atrial conduction and His-Purkinje conduction with less effect on AV nodal physiology.</p><p>The use of this isolated perfused rabbit heart model is an inexpensive and reliable technique for the evaluation of the electrophysiologic effects of pharmacologie agents on the conduction system of the heart. A major advantage of the isolated heart model is the absence of autonomie reflexes, which can confound studies performed in intact animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90011-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13064928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Preparation of brush border membrane vesicles from bovine choroid plexus 牛脉络膜丛刷边膜囊的制备

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90012-T

Mathew T. Whittico, Andrew C. Hui, Kathleen M. Giacomini

引用次数: 12

A chronic conscious dog model for direct transhepatic studies in normal and pancreatic islet cell transplanted dogs 用于正常和胰岛细胞移植犬直接肝移植研究的慢性意识犬模型

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90006-Q

D.W. O'Brien , H.A. Semple , G.D. Molnar , Y. Tam , R.T. Coutts , R.V. Rajotte , J. Bayens-Simmonds

{"title":"A chronic conscious dog model for direct transhepatic studies in normal and pancreatic islet cell transplanted dogs","authors":"D.W. O'Brien , H.A. Semple , G.D. Molnar , Y. Tam , R.T. Coutts , R.V. Rajotte , J. Bayens-Simmonds","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90006-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90006-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A chronic conscious, large mammal model for repeated transhepatic studies over a period of 6–8 weeks has been developed for application to the study of the hepatic effects of pancreatic hormone secretion and glucose metabolism, studies of the hepatic mechanisms associated with high first-pass drug metabolism and food interactions, and studies of insulin balance in dogs that have undergone previous pancreatectomy and islet cell auto-transplantation. The preparation of specialized blood sampling catheters and blood flow probes, surgical preparations, pre- and postoperative care, catheter maintenance, and possible complications are described. Data from an oral glucose meal (OMT) are presented. Frequent blood samples from portal, hepatic and jugular veins, and carotid artery were collected and analyzed for plasma insulin concentrations (IRI) and glucose. IRI fluxes were determined for each time period by interpolation of flux X time curves. Total IRI flux was determined as the sum of the areas under the curves for each sampling period. Hepatic insulin extraction was calculated for each sampling interval. By this method of analysis, it was possible to determine hepatic IRI extraction during non-steady-state conditions. The techniques described in the development of this complex animal model, which allows for repeated transhepatic studies in the same conscious subject, may also have application in other chronic studies involving organs other than the liver.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90006-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13222415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Purity of ruthenium red used in pharmacological research 药理学研究用钌红的纯度

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90008-S

James P. Kehrer, Youngja Park

{"title":"Purity of ruthenium red used in pharmacological research","authors":"James P. Kehrer, Youngja Park","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90008-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90008-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inorganic dye, ruthenium red, is an ammoniated form of ruthenium oxychloride. The purity of commercial samples of ruthenium red has been confused as commercial vendors often provide a “dye content” figure for their product, which some investigators have equated with purity. However, dye content is the same as ruthenium content and is not related to purity, although it will affect the relative molecular weight of this compound. As a result, concentrations of ruthenium red used in various biochemical studies have been calculated based on the supposed impurity of the commercial product, a product purified in the laboratory of the investigator, or by simply ignoring this purity question. Purity of four different commercial products as well as two different “purified” materials was determined by comparison of absorbance spectra and extinction coefficients. Taking into account differences in the relative ruthenium content of each preparation of ruthenium red, the results demonstrate no significant differences between these materials indicating that commercially available samples of ruthenium red are essentially pure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90008-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12875976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A digital timing system for a small animal respiration pump 一种小型动物呼吸泵的数字定时系统

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90007-R

Christopher Ediss, David F. Biggs

引用次数: 0

Photocell measurements of rat motor activity 大鼠运动活动的光电池测量

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90002-M

Evalena Ericson , Jonny Samuelsson , Sven Ahlenius

引用次数: 113

A cell culture assay for the detection of cardiotoxicity 检测心脏毒性的细胞培养试验

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90004-O

Iris Löw-Friedrich, Ferdinand Von Bredow, Wilhelm Schoeppe

{"title":"A cell culture assay for the detection of cardiotoxicity","authors":"Iris Löw-Friedrich, Ferdinand Von Bredow, Wilhelm Schoeppe","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90004-O","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90004-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An important step in minimizing the number of animal experiments in medical research is the study of <em>in vitro</em> model systems. We propose the use of “shock protein” formation, which is a cellular response to cell-damaging stress as an assay to monitor cardiotoxicity. Isolated and cultured cardiac myocytes were prepared by a trypsin digestion method from 18-day-old fetal mice. These cells respond to typical substances inducing “shock protein” formation in other cellular systems as well as to known cardiotoxins with the <em>de novo</em> synthesis of “shock proteins.” Pharmaceuticals relevant in transplant medicine were tested for possible cardiotoxic effects: Cyclosporine A evokes “shock protein” formation at subtherapeutic concentrations. Azathioprine and methyl-prednisolone exert the same effect but at concentration ranges highly above the therapeutic level. The ability to induce “shock protein” synthesis obviously seems to be restricted to toxic drugs. The data presented demonstrate that the proposed <em>in vitro</em> model system for cardiotoxicity is animal saving and sensitive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90004-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12875975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Procedure for assessing the behavioral effects of novel anti-parkinsonian drugs in normal and MPTP-treated marmosets following central microinfusions 评估新型抗帕金森药物对正常和mptp治疗的狨猴中央微量输注后行为影响的程序

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90003-N

Stephen P. Close, Peter J. Elliott

引用次数: 5

Analysis of p-Chloroamphetamine and a side-chain monofluorinated analogue in rat brain 对氯苯丙胺及侧链单氟类似物在大鼠脑中的分析

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90005-P

Michael L.S. Owen, Glen B. Baker, Ronald T. Coutts, William G. Dewhurst

{"title":"Analysis of p-Chloroamphetamine and a side-chain monofluorinated analogue in rat brain","authors":"Michael L.S. Owen, Glen B. Baker, Ronald T. Coutts, William G. Dewhurst","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90005-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90005-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>p</em>-Chloro-<em>α</em>-fluoromethylphenylethylamine(fluoro-p-chloroamphetamine)(FpCA) has been shown in acute studies to be a less potent depletor of the neurotransmitter amine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in brain than is <em>p</em>-chloroamphetamine (pCA). Gas Chromatographie assay procedures for FpCA and PCA have been developed in our laboratories and applied to preliminary measurements in brain tissue from rats injected intraperitoneally with pCA or FpCA. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with pCA (0.03 mmol/kg) or FpCA (0.05 or 0.1 mmol/kg) and killed 1, 2, or 4 hr later. The brains were analyzed for the halogenated amphetamines by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) following derivatization with pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (for pCA) or trichloroacetic anhydride (for FpCA). At the 0.05-mmol/kg dose, FpCA attained lower brain concentrations at 1, 2, and 4 hr after injection than did pCA at a considerably lower dose (0.03 mmol/kg). Even at the higher dose of FpCA used (0.10 mmol/kg), where concentrations of FpCA were higher than those of pCA initially, concentrations of FpCA had dropped below those of pCA by 4-hr. These preliminary results indicate that FpCA attains lower brain concentrations and is eliminated from the brain more rapidly than is the parent drug, pCA. However, differences in potency between FpCA and pCA on 5-HT depletion cannot be explained fully on the basis of obtained brain levels of the drug as even at time intervals where FpCA levels were higher than or equal to those of pCA, there was less depletion of 5-HT by the former drug.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90005-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13222414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A new concept of the isolated perfused heart preparation with on-line computerized data evaluation 基于在线计算机数据评估的离体灌注心脏准备新概念

Journal of pharmacological methods Pub Date : 1991-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(91)90001-L

Tadeusz Krzemiński , Andrzej Kurcok, Janusz Kapustecki, Jerzy Kowaliński, Zbigniew Slowiński, Ryszard Brus

{"title":"A new concept of the isolated perfused heart preparation with on-line computerized data evaluation","authors":"Tadeusz Krzemiński , Andrzej Kurcok, Janusz Kapustecki, Jerzy Kowaliński, Zbigniew Slowiński, Ryszard Brus","doi":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90001-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-5402(91)90001-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modified perfusion apparatus for electrophysiological, hemodynamic and metabolic studies on hearts of small animal (e.g., rat, guinea pig) has been described. The apparatus consisted of two oxygenators connected to the aortic cannula of the Langendorff perfused heart, each one of which could be used on demand. The constant aortic perfusion pressure was controlled by oxygenating gas (5% CO<sub>2</sub> in O<sub>2</sub>, usually). The perfusing medium could be changed easily and quickly without interruption. Left ventricular pressure was recorded by means of a balloon-catheter, while special suction electrodes obtained the high-amplitude, noise-free electrogram recordings. The coronary effluent partial pressure of oxygen (Po<sub>2</sub>) was continuously monitored, which enabled the calculation of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO<sub>2</sub>). The effluent partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco<sub>2</sub>) and pH value were also measured simultaneously. A computerized system of data acquisition, calculation, storage, and end report has also been described.</p><p>In this study, the influence of indomethacin on hypoxia-induced hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the isolated guinea pig heart was observed. The advantages and disadvantages of the described and standard Langendorff apparatus have been discussed also.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacological methods","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 95-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-5402(91)90001-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13222417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4