Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

{"title":"We Do Have Enemies and We Should Know Who They Are: The Commercial Determinants of Physical Activity.","authors":"Matthew Mclaughlin, Joey Murphy, Benjamin P Rigby, Grant Ennis","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2025-0402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity (PA) is political and has enemies. This article lays out the common understanding of enemies of physical activities, offers some critiques, and provides ways forward to improve our ability to address the harms caused by them. Knowing the enemy is vital to improving public health. An enemy is an actor that is actively or passively opposed to policies that would increase population-level PA. Examples of our enemies include the housing, transport, fuel, and car manufacturing industries when they actively or passively oppose policies that would increase population-level PA. Understanding the enemies of PA is neglected in the literature and in our advocacy efforts, to the detriment of PA policy action. To inform policy action on PA, we need to know who the enemies are, how they operate, and how they exert their power. Increasing population-level PA will not be solved by embracing apolitical actions targeting individuals, but by confronting the inherent politicalness of PA policy action to impact the population. Identifying and understanding the enemies of PA will be an important contribution to building the commercial determinants of PA and to strengthening our coalitions to advocate for a new, healthier political direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maiden Voyage: Exploring the Multisectoral Partnership Process of Creating a Physical Literacy Enriched Community.","authors":"Natalie E Houser, Marta C Erlandson, Leah J Ferguson, Laurie-Ann M Hellsten, Alexandra L Stoddart, M Louise Humbert","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding children interact with, and in, a wide range of contexts (home, school, and community) on a daily basis, interventions that are designed to address a combination of these contexts are critical to the development of physical literacy. To our knowledge, this is one of the first multicontextual and multisectoral physical literacy interventions delivered where the effects were measured and reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Given the uniqueness of this intervention, we sought to answer the question \"What were the experiences of the individuals representing the multisectoral partnership involved in the process of creating a multicontextual physical literacy enriched community intervention?\" Thematic analysis was used to analyze data collected from interviews, document analyses, and participant observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results identified key components, presented as 4 themes, to be considered in developing a successful partnership approach to creating a physical literacy enriched community, including alignment of strategies when working in a community, clear goals and expectations, strong communication and leadership, and transparency regarding capacity and commitment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As this was one of the first multicontextual and multisectoral physical literacy interventions, it was important to document the experiences of creating the program to encourage future growth in physical literacy and multicontextual intervention strategies, as well as develop suggested best practices. By gaining a better understanding of strategies that did and did not work in this multisectoral partnership, we can begin to compile successful approaches for future efforts to create a physical literacy enriched community.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Design and Transport Planning for Physical Activity, Health, and Well-Being: Do Cities in Oman Meet Evidence-Informed Policy Standards?","authors":"Ruth Mabry, Amal Al Siyabi, Huda Al Siyabi, Zahir Al Anquodi, Gustavo De Siqueira, Melanie Lowe","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2025-0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Sultanate of Oman is among the most urbanized countries globally with high prevalences of obesity and physical inactivity. We aimed to examine the extent to which urban and transport policies in Oman support the creation of healthy, active living cities in the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 1000 Cities Challenge urban policy checklist, the research team conducted content analysis of available policy and regulatory documents for Barka, Nizwa, and Muscat across 6 domains: integrated city planning policies, walkability and destination access, public transport access, public open space access, urban air quality and nature-based solutions, and climate disaster risk reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oman's urban policy frameworks included relevant content for 24 out of 32 policy indicators of healthy, active cities. The emphasis on integrated and collaborative approaches across sectors aligned well with global recommendations. Critical policy gaps were in the walkability and destination access domain. Only a few policies included measurable targets, and some policies were inconsistent with international evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings demonstrate political commitment to active, sustainable cities, but greater efforts are needed to close policy gaps, revise policies contrary to evidence, and include evidence-informed standards and targets. As the government develops additional national and local guidelines and standards, policy makers should consider including new and/or more ambitious measurable policy targets. Addressing the identified policy gaps would facilitate creation of walkable urban environments, which could significantly improve Oman's likelihood of achieving the national target of a 15% reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen-Based Behaviors as Moderators of the Link Between Physical Activity and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents: A Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Ruimin Ma, Eugenia Romano, Dara Aldisi, Nasser M Al-Daghri, Shaun Sabico, Arnold Baca, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Lee Smith, Liye Zou, José Francisco López-Gil, Brendon Stubbs, André O Werneck","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0788","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased engagement in screen-based behaviors may contribute to decreased physical activity (PA) participation and is associated with mental health among adolescents. Yet, there remain knowledge gaps in how types and duration of screen-based behaviors may moderate the associations between PA, psychological distress, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms. This population-based study aimed to examine this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal data were obtained from the Millennium Cohort Study and adolescents were followed up from the 14-year to 17-year waves. Data on device-based moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), screen-based behaviors (watching videos and playing videogames), internalizing (emotional and peer problems) and externalizing symptoms (hyperactivity and conduct problem), and psychological distress were analyzed using negative binomial regression (stratified by gender) with interaction terms of continuous device-based PA and categorical screen-based behaviors being applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample included 3397 adolescents (mean age = 13.8, 54% girls). Device-based MVPA was associated with a lower incidence of emotional problems (boys [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.97], and girls [IRR = 0.98]), peer problems (IRR = 0.97), and psychological distress (girls only, IRR = 0.98). Video watching for ≥2 hours per day was associated with a higher incidence of conduct problem in boys (IRR = 1.20) and videogames playing ≥2 hours per day was associated with all internalizing and externalizing symptoms in girls (IRR range 1.10-1.21). A buffering effect of MVPA on various symptoms among those spent <2 hours per day on screen-based behaviors was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reducing screen-based behaviors may help maximize the benefits of MVPA on mental health outcomes in adolescents therefore implementing interventions targeting screen-based behaviors reduction should be recognized as first-line priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1168-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Physical Activity Facilitated by a Single Session of Robotic Walking for Children and Small Adults Living With Severe Mobility Impairments.","authors":"Jessica L Youngblood, Benjamin M Norman, Sean P Dukelow, Marc J Poulin, Kelly A Larkin-Kaiser, Elizabeth G Condliffe","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0015","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity has many benefits but can be hard to achieve for people living with severe mobility impairments. Robotic walking may be an effective way for these individuals to achieve physical activity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to characterize the physical activity performed by children and small adults with severe mobility impairments during a single session of robotic walking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a series of single-session assessments to evaluate the heart rate response experienced by children and small adults with severe mobility impairments during overground walking with an untethered robotic walking aid designed for children (Trexo). Outcomes evaluating physical activity were the average percent heart rate reserve (%HRR) throughout the training session, the most intense minute of training, and the total time spent physically active (at >20% HRR). Nonparametric descriptive statistics are presented as median (25th-75th percentiles).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen individuals (aged 5-24) unable to walk independently participated in this study. Participants using the robotic walker had an average %HRR during training of 30% (21%-35%) and reached 40% (30%-50%) HRR in the highest minute of training. Participants spent a median of 17 (10-27) minutes and 99% (57%-100%) of the robotic walking time physically active.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that robotic walking can facilitate at least light physical activity for children and small adults with severe mobility impairments. The results of this study can be used to inform future providers on the physical activity benefits of robotic walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1193-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Syndemic Effects of Air Pollution and Physical Inactivity on Cognitive Decline in Older Adults.","authors":"Hüseyin Küçükali, Leandro Garcia, Ione Avila-Palencia, Ruoyu Wang, Shay Mullineaux, Frank Kee, Bernadette McGuinness, Ruth F Hunter","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0756","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has independently associated air pollution and physical inactivity with increased mortality and morbidity. There is an ongoing debate about whether those factors interact to cause an even higher burden, suggesting potential syndemics. This study aimed to estimate the interaction between air pollution and physical inactivity on cognitive decline in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The outcome was a ≥3 points decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score between 2 cohort waves. Exposures were annual mean particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in a 1-km buffer around participants' residences estimated based on national monitoring and self-reported recreational moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes per week. Logistic regression models were used to estimate additive and multiplicative interactions between exposures adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2836 participants, 137 (4.8%) had cognitive decline between waves. The median PM2.5 was 6.6 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 5.6-7.6), and 50% reported no MVPA in a week (interquartile range: 0-251.2). Models indicated additive (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.63; 95% CI, -0.98 to 2.24) and multiplicative (synergy factor = 1.76; 95% CI, 0.84 to 3.72) interactions between high PM2.5 and low MVPA on the risk of cognitive decline; however, estimates were not precise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents a novel quantitative investigation of a potential syndemic focusing on a less-explored outcome of cognitive decline. However, outcome and exposure measurements limited the certainty of our findings. Future studies should include areas with higher variation in air pollution and use more granular exposure and sensitive outcome measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Challenges, Facilitators, and Changes With Older Adults Taking Part in a Randomized Inspiratory Muscle Training Tai Chi Trial: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis.","authors":"Yutao Zhou, Rania Edris, Ainoa Roldán, Francesco V Ferraro","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0794","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the global population ages, interventions that support physical and respiratory health in older adults are essential. This study investigates the experiences of older participants in a combined 8-week Tai Chi and Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) program, aiming to explore the facilitators and barriers to participation. Thirty-one adults aged 60+ were recruited and assigned to either an experimental or sham IMT plus Tai Chi intervention with a double-blind, randomized controlled trial approach. Qualitative data were gathered from 10 participants (6 IMT; 4 sham-IMT), through semistructured focus groups and individual interviews, and reflexive thematic analysis identified 4 key themes: external disruptions and the struggle for consistency, physical discomfort and adaptation, challenges in sustained engagement, and balancing social interaction with personalized support. In particular the themes show distinction between: (1) challenges, including external disruptions and the struggle for consistency, physical discomfort, and difficulties in sustaining engagement and motivation; (2) facilitators, such as social connection, perceived health benefits, and initial support from instructors; (3) adaptations, including strategies participants used to overcome discomfort, manage routines, and seek personalized ways to engage with the program. Findings highlight that while participants value the health benefits of Tai Chi and IMT, they encounter social and environmental constraints, physical discomfort, motivational challenges, and a need for clear guidance and personalized feedback. These insights underscore the importance of designing flexible, adaptive interventions that consider older adults' unique needs to improve engagement and outcomes. Future research should further investigate dual interventions like Tai Chi and IMT to refine delivery strategies and maximize health benefits for aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1178-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Longitudinal Impact of Participation in School-Based Physical Education Lessons on Physical Activity Levels Among a Large Sample of Adolescents in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"M Claire Buchan, Sarah A Richmond, Kelly Skinner, Scott T Leatherdale","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0785","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the impact of physical education (PE) participation on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents in Canada, controlling for observed differences in individual characteristics using propensity scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized linked longitudinal data from Ontario students who participated in 3 years (2015/2016-2018/2019) of the COMPASS study. Sex-stratified linear mixed models were used to examine associations between PE participation and minutes of MVPA from grades 10 through 12. Models were adjusted using doubly robust propensity score methodology, through inverse probability of treatment weighting, accounting for observed covariates that may influence PE participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 988 female and 872 male students were included in analyses. Female and male students who participated in PE during the semester of data collection reported on average 29 (22-35) and 36 (29-43) additional minutes of MVPA per day, respectively, compared with those who did not participate in PE that year. Female and male students who participated in PE during the opposite semester of data collection reported on average 11 (4-18) and 14 (7-22) additional minutes of MVPA per day, respectively, compared with students who did not participate in PE that year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that secondary school PE participation has a significant impact on MVPA levels over time. Effects appear to be most pronounced among male students and during the semester of PE participation. These findings highlight the potential benefits of daily PE on physical activity patterns and provide evidence in support of approaches aimed at increasing PE enrollment throughout secondary schools in Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1160-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Disability Acceptance Considering the Duration and Etiology of Disability in People With Visual Impairment: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Jungjoo Lee, Jaehyun Kim, Junhyoung Kim","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0011","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2025-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disability acceptance is considered a key factor in improving the subjective well-being of people with visual impairment. This study investigated disability acceptance across different levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation while considering the duration and etiology of disability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the 2017 to 2022 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled, focusing on Korea adults with visual impairment (n = 396). LTPA participation was categorized into high, mid, and low groups based on the amount of participation. Disability duration was measured from 2 points: the onset of the disability and the point of self-awareness. The causes of disability were categorized as either innate or acquired. A Generalized Estimating Equation was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high LTPA group reported significantly higher levels of improvement in disability acceptance (B = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 2.61) compared with the low group. Disability acceptance decreased with increasing time after disability onset (B = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.01) but increased with increasing time after disability self-awareness (B = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.19). Acquired disabilities showed higher acceptance levels than did those who reported innate disabilities (B = 1.73; 95% CI, 0.24 to 3.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals who participated in LTPA for more than 20 minutes more than 5 days a week reported significantly larger improvements in disability acceptance compared with those with lower levels of participation. These findings, while considering the roles of several covariates, can be useful in informing the design of LTPA-based therapeutic programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1186-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Preschool Fundamental Motor Skills Through Interventions Targeting 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Socioecological Factors: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Loreto Alonso-Martínez, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo, Alicia M Alonso-Martínez","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0704","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review evaluated the effects of interventions targeting 24-hour movement behaviors and socioecological outcomes on improving fundamental motor skills in preschool children aged 4-6.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 15, 2023, were included if they reported at least 1 24-hour movement behavior, and socioecological factors postintervention in preschoolers aged 4-6 years. A random-effects inverse variance model with Paule-Mandel adjustment was used to estimate overall effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CI. Risk of bias was assessed using Rob2 and RobVis, and the certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve RCTs involving 4754 preschoolers (53.1% girls) were included. All interventions aimed to enhance gross motor skills and involved varying levels of teacher and/or parent engagement. Interventions significantly improved overall fundamental motor skills, particularly object control skills such as throwing and catching. However, small and nonsignificant effects were found for physical fitness components (eg, cardiorespiratory fitness, jumping, balance) and 24-hour movement behaviors (eg, total physical activity, light-to-vigorous activity, sedentary time, screen time, body mass index). Overall, intervention duration did not significantly moderate outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fundamental motor skills-focused interventions in healthy preschoolers significantly improved motor competence, especially object control, but yielded only modest and nonsignificant changes on physical fitness and movement behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of targeting motor skill development in early childhood. Further research is needed to clarify the influence of the socioecological environment, including family and teacher roles, and to improve intervention strategies for broader behavioral and fitness outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":" ","pages":"1076-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}