Journal of Pharmacy Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of pharmacological properties and phenolic profile of Hypericum japonicum Thunb. from Western Ghats of India","authors":"Pradeepa V. Samaga,&nbsp;V. Ravishankar Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Phenolic content of the plants and their associated bioactivities depend upon the geographical regions where they grow. Therefore antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and phenolic profile of <em>Hypericum japonicum</em> collected from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India had been evaluated in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Total phenolic and flavonol contents of <em>H. japonicum</em> methanolic extract was estimated spectrometrically. The extract was qualitatively screened for bioactive phytochemicals. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The extract was tested for DPPH scavenging, molybdenum reduction, lipid peroxidation inhibition, DNA damage protection and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Phenolic profiling of the extract was done by high performance liquid chromatography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The extract inhibited all tested bacteria except <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Total antioxidant activity of the extract was 37.28 ± 0.54 μg/mg. IC₅₀ value for DPPH radical quenching was 77.7 ± 5.6 μg (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). β-carotene bleaching and lipid peroxidation were inhibited by 83.18% and 95.38% respectively. The extract also protected the DNA from hydroxyl radical mediated damage. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, epicatechin and phloroglucinol were profiled in the extract.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first report on bioactivity and phenolic profile of <em>H. japonicum</em> growing in Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. The study evidently showed the potency of <em>H. japonicum</em> from Western Ghats to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a dietary supplement of antioxidants and rich source of vital phenolic acids and flavonoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"7 7","pages":"Pages 626-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88390088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-anxiety activity of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber in mice","authors":"Anindita Saha ,&nbsp;Sankhadip Bose ,&nbsp;Sugato Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Previous studies have shown CNS depressant activity of petroleum ether extract of <em>Amorphophallus paeoniifolius</em> tuber. The current study was devised to explore the anxiolytic activity of petroleum ether extract of <em>A. paeoniifolius</em> tuber in mice, using various animal models of anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>A. paeoniifolius</em> was extracted with petroleum ether by using cold maceration process. The pet ether extract was then tested for its anxiolytic property in mice at different doses (100, 150, 200 mg/kg p.o) using various animal models of anxiety like elevated plus maze, open field test, light &amp; dark test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The extract was found to contain steroids, fats &amp; fixed oils. The pet ether extract showed potent anxiolytic activity at a dose dependent manner for elevated plus maze and open field test. The extract however failed to show any significant anxiolytic activity in light and dark test.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Petroleum ether extract of <em>A. paeoniifolius</em> may act as a potent anxiolytic agent in mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"6 7","pages":"Pages 748-752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82805400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of biological activities of Allamanda blanchetii, the violet Allamanda","authors":"Tasnuva Sharmin ,&nbsp;Probir Kumar Sarker ,&nbsp;Farhana Islam ,&nbsp;Sharmin Reza Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Tasdique Mohammad Quadery ,&nbsp;Md. Yeunus Mian ,&nbsp;S.M. Ashikur Rahman ,&nbsp;Zahid Sadek Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Sharif Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of the study was to evaluate <em>Allamanda blanchetii</em> extractives for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The plant extractives were evaluated for their phenolic content and their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was conducted to identify cytotoxic potential of the extractives. The test samples were also involved in thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activity assays to evaluate their abilities to promote clot lysis and to stabilize erythrocyte membrane under hypotonic and heat induced conditions. The extractives were involved in disc diffusion assay to measure their ability to give zones of inhibition in cultured bacterial medium.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 40.50 ± 0.32 μg/ml) where as, in brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the hexane soluble fraction revealed the highest cytotoxic activity with LC₅₀ value of 0.78 ± 0.74 μg/ml. While evaluating the thrombolytic activity of the extractives, the chloroform soluble fraction showed 32.50 ± 0.63% of clot lysis. This fraction at 1.0 mg/ml concentration also inhibited 46.74 ± 0.73% and 41.33 ± 0.59% of haemolysis of RBCs induced by hypotonic solution and heat as compared to 71.90% and 42.12% by acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), respectively. In disc diffusion assay, the extractives of <em>A. blanchetii</em> revealed zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 13.0 mm.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further chemical and bioassay guided investigation on violet Allamanda must be conducted for isolation, identification and characterization of the bioactive constituents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"6 7","pages":"Pages 761-764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74144786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring serum levels of glycosaminoglycans for prediction and using viscum fraxini-2 for treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Mohammed M.H. Al-Gayyar ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Ebrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed E.E. Shams","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><p>To assess the usefulness of measuring serum concentrations of some individual components of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their degradation enzymes in the early prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the patients' response to treatment with the investigational drug viscum fraxini-2 (mistletoe) in the selected clinical cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-five patients with HCC, forty patients with liver cirrhosis and thirty control subjects were included in the current research study. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), liver function tests (LFTs), some individual components of GAGs and their degradation enzymes were measured in all subjects. The response to the treatment was measured in the selected clinical cases who received a weekly subcutaneous injection of mistletoe in addition to the best supportive care.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with HCC showed an alteration in the serum levels of some individual components of GAGs with an increasing in the activity of their degradation enzymes. Only 26% of patients who received mistletoe achieved a partial response with tolerable toxicities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Measuring the disturbance of serum levels of GAGs and the elevation of their degradation enzymes may be of a value in the early diagnosis of HCC. Viscum fraxini-2 may have a role in the treatment of HCC and deserve further trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"7 7","pages":"Pages 571-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82638546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, spectral analysis, in vitro microbiological evaluation and antioxidant properties of 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-one-O-[2,4,6-tritertiarybutyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienon-4-yl] oximes as a new class of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents","authors":"Balasubramanian Premalatha,&nbsp;Durairajpeter Bhakiaraj,&nbsp;Selvam Elavarasan,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Chellakili,&nbsp;Mannathusamy Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The aim of the present study was to synthesis of a new series of bicyclic oximes with cyclohexadienone nuclei namely 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-one-<em>O</em>-[2,4,6-tritertiarybutylcyclohexa-2,5-dienon-4-yl]oximes [<strong>9–12</strong>] and screening for their antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Compounds <strong>9–12</strong> were synthesized by the treatment of 2,4,6-tritertiarybutyl phenol with corresponding 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-one oximes in the presence of an oxidizing agent, MnO₂ under nitrogen atmosphere. The compounds were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data. All the synthesized title compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion method against clinically isolated bacterial strains, the title compounds were also screened for their antioxidant activities by dose dependence manner using their free radical scavenging properties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The fluoro substituted compound <strong>12</strong> is found to have excellent level of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, a close examination of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of variously substituted Compounds <strong>9–12</strong>, reveals that they exhibits very good activities with better structure-activity correlations. Thus in future, this kind of oxime derivatives may be used to generate better drugs with improved antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"6 7","pages":"Pages 730-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73627448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geno-toxic study of silver bio-nanoparticles toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates","authors":"Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan,&nbsp;Anima Nanda","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In recent years, with the implication of green chemistry principles in the synthesis protocol, <em>nano</em> silver is gaining much attention in biomedical and clinical field. Alongside, with the increased incidence of antibiotic(s) resistance among various microorganisms, there is also a need for an effective containment strategy to prevent their escape in the environment. The so called <em>elixir</em> (drug) proving its inability, an effective nano-biotechnological approach has ventured in to combat such pathogens.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the toxic effect of silver bio-nanoparticles synthesized using a soil bacterium, <em>Bacillus</em> sp. on genomic DNA isolated from pathogenic bacteria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, silver bio-nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized using extracellular bacterial filtrate. Characterization of SNPs was done using UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Antibacterial study of SNPs toward the pathogenic bacteria was studied by Kirby Bauer's Disc diffusion method. The toxic effect of SNPs on the genomic DNA isolated from the pathogenic microorganisms was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The time dependent toxic effect of SNPs on genomic DNA has been validated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The SNPs exhibit potential antibacterial activity toward clinical isolates tested. DNA fragmentation by SNPs was observed in the form of shear may be due to the affinity and complex forming tendency with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) present as phosphates on nucleic acid resulting in fragmentation. This modus operandi toward DNA isolated from the clinical isolates might have a vigil over genetically altered organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"6 7","pages":"Pages 725-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88502436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of stability indicating liquid chromatography-mass tandem spectrometric method for the estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations","authors":"Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy Tummala,&nbsp;Sowjanya Reddy Nallagari,&nbsp;Ramu Golkonda,&nbsp;Veera Venkatrao Sure,&nbsp;Rambabu Chintala","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To develop a simple LC/MS/MS method for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations and study of stability of the drug in different stressed conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><p>The LC/MS/MS analysis was carried out on Applied Biosystems API 3200 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer attached to Shimadzu LC 10 AT VP series HPLC system using chromosil ODS-3, C18, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.5 μm column. The mass spectral analysis was carried out by direct infusion of 10 μg/mL solution into the ESI source at a flow rate of 10 μL/min along with the mobile phase flow rate of 600 μL/min. All chemicals and reagents were of either analytical grade or chromatographic grade.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The obtained mass spectrum showed <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 434 as a major ion which can be attributed to the MH⁺ ion of the analyte. This ion was subjected to collision induced dissociation (CID) using nitrogen as a collision gas. The collision energy was tuned in such a way that the intensity of MH⁺ ion was reduced to a minimum of 20%. The obtained mass spectrum after CID showed <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 114 as a major fragment. Hence the transition <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 434 → 114 was used to monitor the analyte peak in LC/MS/MS analysis. The developed method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, robustness and ruggedness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The developed method was found to be simple, rapid, repeatable, reproducible, robust, rugged and economic hence it can be used as a new analytical method for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations in any pharmaceutical industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"7 7","pages":"Pages 640-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89867725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrophotometric method development and validation for atorvastatin calcium and nifedipine HCl in bulk and tablet dosage form using absorption ratio method assay of atorvastatin and nifedipine","authors":"Sathis Kumar Dinakaran ,&nbsp;Babitha Alluri ,&nbsp;Koushik Reddy Annareddy ,&nbsp;VijayaSravani Ayyagari ,&nbsp;Harani Avasarala ,&nbsp;Ravishankar Kakaraparthy ,&nbsp;Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni ,&nbsp;Raja Gadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>A simple, economic, accurate Absorption ratio method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and nifedipine HCl in bulk and tablet dosage form.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Methanol was used as a diluent. The absorptions were observed at 237 nm and 297 nm which were selected based on overlap spectra of atorvastatin calcium and nifedipine HCl.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p>The linearity range was found to be 6–10 μg/ml. The proposed method was validated. The reports was expressed that the proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate and rapid for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and nifedipine HCl in bulk and tablet dosage form using absorption ratio method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"7 7","pages":"Pages 666-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90555070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of histo-pharmacognosy of Chenopodium album Linn. under the impact of Bicycle Industry Effluent","authors":"Kavita Tyagi ,&nbsp;Sandhya Sharma ,&nbsp;Rajat Rashmi ,&nbsp;Sanjiv Kumar ,&nbsp;Shahidul Khair","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims of the study</h3><p>To carried out the Histo-Pharmacognosy study of <em>Chenopodium album</em> Linn. under the influence of Bicycle Industry Effluent.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The industrial effluent was analysed by APHA method. The anatomical studies of plant were carried out according to Metacalf and Chalk, 1950 were consulted; for chemical analysis Johanson, 1940, Cromwell, 1955 &amp; Trease and Evans, 1983 were followed. TLC was analyzed by WHO, 1998.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The physico–chemical parameters of analysed effluent were found higher values as compared to standard values and morphological &amp; anatomical parameters were found in decreasing trend in polluted plant samples as compared to non-polluted plant samples. The colour reaction tests showed only degrees of changes. The number of spots were decreased in the plant samples of polluted sites. Water and alcohol extractive values were found to be lowered collected from polluted areas. Ash values were comparatively higher in polluted plant samples. Stomatal index and Palisade Ratio were lower in polluted leaves. Vein Islet Number and Vein Termination Number were higher in polluted leaves.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The conclusion of this study is that the plants from non-polluted area should be collected for quality production of medicines, since majority of parameters reflect decreasing data values in the plants taken from polluted area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"Pages 667-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91076811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine based derivatives","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Vinita Gupta ,&nbsp;Sanchita Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jopr.2013.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Pyrimidine and their derivatives play the vital role in the field of drugs and agricultural <strong>c</strong>hemicals. In recent decades, a large no. of pharmacological studies has been done on Pyrimidine and their derivatives. But still more research is required in order to necessity of biological compounds. “The Chalcone is an aromatic compound that forms the central core for different necessity of biological compounds. The Chalcone is synthesized by an aldol, condensation of 4-methoxy acetophenone with m-phenoxy benzaldehydes in the presence of a catalyst that is treated with thiourea to provide Pyrimidine. The Pyrimidine treated with substituted <em>N</em>-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl-2-chloro amide gives a compound”.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Elemental analysis, IR, H NMR, C NMR melting point, Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates (silica gel G) is used to determine the purity of the compounds.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p><strong>Antimicrobial activity:</strong> All the synthesized compounds screened against four different strains, viz two Gram +ve bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> &amp; <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>) and two Gram −ve bacteria (<em>Escherichia coli</em> &amp; <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>), analyzed with standard drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, &amp; norfloxacin. <strong>Antifungal activities:</strong> All the synthesized compounds screened against <em>Candida albicans</em>, and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> organisms, analyzed with standard drugs nystatin and griseofulvin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this paper we focused on the reactions, synthesis, spectral analysis and Microbial activities of Pyrimidine based benzothiazole derivatives. The method gives excellent than previously reported literature. Some of the compounds were effective as antimicrobial and antifungal agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Research","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 491-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.05.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77339410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}