Journal of Physiological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Women's lifetime reproductive profiles and frailty among aging individuals in the USA and the Philippines.","authors":"Michelle Escasa-Dorne,&nbsp;Ronza Zoorob","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00300-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00300-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frailty, particularly traits which are related to sex steroid hormone production, results from the age-associated decline in function considered to be part of the typical aging process. This process may vary with influences including environmental, biological, or lifestyle factors. An area of concern that has received relatively little attention is the impact of cumulative lifetime changes in sex steroid hormones related to the traits we see that typify the human aging process. Women's lifetime reproductive profiles include menstrual/ovulatory cycles, gestation, and lactation, all of which respond to changes in sex steroid hormone levels. Here, we review data on reproductive profiles and risks of frailty among post-menopausal women. In the current study, our team collected reproductive histories of women to determine the estimated number of lifetime reproductive cycles (ELC). We interviewed 44 women in the USA and 67 women in the Philippines aged 65 years plus to obtain data on reproductive cycles, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Participants completed several frailty tasks including grip strength, a sit-to-stand test, and gait speed. While ELC was not associated with frailty in the US population, higher ELC was associated with lower frailty among the Philippine population. The current study should be considered as an exploratory project investigating field-friendly methods to use when considering lifetime reproductive histories and the influence on the aging process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9248135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of soy protein isolate and soy peptide preload on gastric emptying rate and postprandial glycemic control in healthy humans.","authors":"Hatsumi Ueoka,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Fukuba,&nbsp;Masako Yamaoka Endo,&nbsp;Toshio Kobayashi,&nbsp;Hironobu Hamada,&nbsp;Hideaki Kashima","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00299-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00299-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to compare the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy peptide (PEP) preload 30 min before a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on the gastric emptying rate, plasma insulin, and blood glucose responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine healthy young subjects were evaluated on four occasions. The participants consumed a 200-ml solution containing either 20 g of SPI or PEP in experiment 1. In experiment 2, 30 min after consuming either 20 g of SPI or PEP solutions, an OGTT was performed to evaluate the individual glycemic response. The gastric emptying rate was measured by the ¹³C-sodium acetate breath test. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured before and after consuming either the SPI or PEP solutions and during the OGTT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In experiment 1, plasma insulin levels were higher 30 min after consuming the PEP solution than after the SPI solution. PEP resulted in a faster gastric emptying rate than SPI. In experiment 2, just before performing the OGTT, the plasma insulin response was higher for PEP than for SPI. Fifteen minutes after starting the OGTT, the blood glucose response was lower after consuming PEP than after SPI. The gastric emptying rate tended to be faster after consuming PEP than after SPI (p = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A PEP preload might be slightly more effective for the suppression of postprandial blood glucose excursion compared with SPI; thus, a PEP preload potentially induces an enhanced insulin response just before the OGTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9235268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40405739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise habituation and aging on the intersegmental coordination of lower limbs during walking with sinusoidal speed change","authors":"Abe, Daijiro, Motoyama, Kiyotaka, Tashiro, Takehiro, Saito, Akira, Horiuchi, Masahiro","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00298-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00298-w","url":null,"abstract":"The time courses of the joint elevation angles of the thigh, shank, and foot in one stride during walking can be well approximated by a “plane” in a triaxial space. This intersegmental coordination (IC) of the lower limb elevation angles is referred to as the planar covariation law. We examined the effects of exercise habituation and aging on the thickness of the IC plane of the lower limbs under sinusoidal speed changing conditions. Seventeen sedentary young (SY), 16 active young (AY), and 16 active elderly (AE) adults walked on a treadmill in accordance with a sinusoidal speed changing protocol at 120, 60, and 30 s periods with an amplitude of ± 0.56 m·s−1. Motion of the lower limbs from the sagittal direction was recorded to calculate the elevation angles of the lower limbs. When the best-fit IC plane was determined, the smallest standard deviation of the IC plane was considered as the anteroposterior gait variability of the lower limbs. The coefficient of variance of the step width was also quantified to evaluate the lateral step variability (CVSW). The standard deviation of the IC plane was significantly greater in the order of SY, AY, and AE, regardless of the sinusoidal wave periods of the changing speed. The CVSW was not significantly different among the three groups. Exercise habituation influences anteroposterior gait variability of the lower limbs, but not lateral step variability, even in young adults. Given these, gait adaptability for sinusoidal speed changes does not always decline with aging. UMIN000031456 ( R000035911 ; registered February 23, 2018).","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting handgrip power of young adult population among major ethnic groups of Sabah: a multivariate analysis","authors":"M. T. Hossain Parash, H. Khazri, Zainal Arifin bin Mustapha, S. C. Shimmi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00297-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00297-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65833065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the circadian system in early life: maternal and environmental factors","authors":"Sachi D. Wong, K. Wright, R. Spencer, C. Vetter, Laurel M. Hicks, O. Jenni, M. LeBourgeois","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00294-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00294-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65833007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body weight at 1.5- and 3-year health checks and body fat at 14 years of age: a population-based retrospective cohort study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","authors":"Kouda, Katsuyasu, Fujita, Yuki, Ohara, Kumiko, Nakamura, Harunobu, Dorjravdan, Munkhjargal, Nakama, Chikako, Nishiyama, Toshimasa, Iki, Masayuki","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00293-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00293-1","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, height and weight measurements, taken for all children at birth and 1.5- and 3-year health checks, are recorded in the Mother and Child Health (MCH) Handbook, as required by the law. The present population-based retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of height and weight records in the Handbook for predicting excessive adiposity in adolescents. The source population consisted of 8th grade students (800 students aged 14 years) registered at two public junior high schools. Of these, we excluded students who were born at a gestational age < 37 weeks or > 42 weeks. The present analyses included 435 participants who provided complete information. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and weight records. Body fat mass at 14 years of age was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diagnostic performance of BMI calculated from the MCH Handbook records to discriminate between the presence and absence of excessive adiposity at 14 years of age was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of BMI. With regard to the prediction of excessive fat at 14 years of age, AUCs and 95% confidence intervals for BMI at 1.5 and 3 years of age were greater than 0.5. Meanwhile, the AUC of BMI at birth was not significantly greater than 0.5. The present study findings indicate that BMI values calculated using MCH Handbook data have potential ability to distinguish between the presence and absence of excessive fat at 14 years of age.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle for bilateral arm flexion during standing","authors":"Kiyota, Takeo, Fujiwara, Katsuo","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00295-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00295-z","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to obtain the standard values of age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle (anterior deltoid [AD]) for bilateral arm flexion during standing. The study participants were 276 children (aged 3–14 years) and 32 adults (aged 20–26 years). In response to a visual stimulus, participants raised both arms from a fully extended position as quickly as possible, stopped their arms voluntarily at a horizontal level at the shoulder, and maintained that position for 2 s. Ten test trials were performed. By using surface electromyography, the duration from the burst onset of the postural muscles to that of AD was measured as the starting time of the postural muscles (rectus abdominis [RA], erector spinae [ES], rectus femoris [RF], biceps femoris [BF], tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius medialis [GcM], and soleus [SOL]). The starting time was presented as a negative value when the burst onset of the postural muscles preceded that of AD, which was defined as the preceding activation. A positive value for the starting time was defined as delayed activation. In adults, the burst onsets of ES and BF significantly preceded that of AD. In ES, the starting time preceded the onset of AD in those aged ≥ 5–6 years; no difference with adults was found at age 13–14 years. On the other hand, in BF, significant delayed activation was found at ages 3–4 to 11–12 years. While the starting time decreased with age, no significant preceding activation similar to adults was found, even at age 13–14 years. In TA, no significant difference with the onset of AD was found at age 3–6 years, and significant delayed activation was found at age ≥ 7–8 years. Significant delayed activation in GcM, SOL, RA, and RF was observed in all age groups, and no age-related changes were observed in children. These findings could provide standard values from childhood to adolescence for age-related changes in anticipatory postural muscle activity during voluntary movement while standing and contribute to applications in the fields of sports and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight over-reporting is associated with low muscle mass among community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 40 years and older: a cross sectional study","authors":"Nakagata, Takashi, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Watanabe, Daiki, Arishima-Hashii, Yukako, Yamada, Yosuke, Sawada, Naomi, Shimada, Hidekazu, Nishi, Nobuo, Miyachi, Motohiko","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00292-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00292-2","url":null,"abstract":"Weight misperception adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQol); however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between weight misperception and muscle mass. This study aimed to examine the relationship of weight misperception with low muscle mass using skeletal muscle index (SMI) estimated by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) among community-dwelling Japanese. Participants were 525 Japanese individuals aged 40–91 years old (male 89, female 436). Misperception was calculated by subtracting measured value from self-reported weight, presented as a percentage and categorized into tertiles based on sex (under-reporters, acceptable reporters, and over-reporters). Appendicular lean mass was estimated using MF-BIA, and low muscle mass was defined using SMI values of 7.0 and 5.7 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively, based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. We evaluated the association between prevalence of low muscle mass and weight misperception (under-reporters and over-reporters) using multivariate logistic regression including covariate. In total, 9.3% (49/525) of participants had low muscle mass. After adjusting for covariates, prevalence of low muscle mass was higher among over-reporters than acceptable-reporters (odds ratio [OR]; 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.03–5.44). Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed on females, which confirmed that the prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in over-reporters than in acceptable-reporters (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.18–9.12). Weight misperception was significantly correlated with low muscle mass, especially in over-reporters.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on human body composition in Russia: past and present","authors":"S. Rudnev, E. Godina","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00291-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00291-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among a small sample of reindeer herders from sub-Arctic Finland","authors":"Ocobock, Cara, Soppela, Päivi, Turunen, Minna, Stenbäck, Ville, Herzig, Karl-Heinz","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00290-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00290-4","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in human physiological responses to cold stress have seen a resurgence in recent years with a focus on brown adipose tissue (BAT), a mitochondria dense fat specialized for heat production. However, a majority of the work examining BAT has been conducted among temperate climate populations. To expand our understanding of BAT thermogenesis in a cold climate population, we measured, using indirect calorimetry and thermal imaging, metabolic rate and body surface temperatures of BAT-positive and BAT-negative regions at room temperature, and mild cold exposure of resting participants from a small sample of reindeer herders (N = 22, 6 females) from sub-Arctic Finland. We found that most herders experienced a significant mean 8.7% increase in metabolic rates, preferentially metabolized fatty acids, and maintained relatively warmer body surface temperatures at the supraclavicular region (known BAT location) compared to the sternum, which has no associated BAT. These results indicate that the herders in this sample exhibit active BAT thermogenesis in response to mild cold exposure. This study adds to the rapidly growing body of work looking at the physiological and thermoregulatory significance of BAT and the important role it may play among cold stressed populations.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}