Journal of Perinatal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Work with embryonic stem cells - legal considerations.","authors":"Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apparently, there is a broad scope of legal issues affecting the work with embryonic stem cells. I cannot address them all. I would like to focus on two fields of law and discuss, rather in the overview, some salient issues of German constitutional and administrative law framing the scientific research process. Compared to the sophisticated scientific work we discuss here, legal arguments and operations remain blunt and awkward, addressing rather the identity of a society than the fluid frontiers of science and technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"763-768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9786022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection using nanopore-based sequencing.","authors":"Piya Chaemsaithong,&nbsp;Roberto Romero,&nbsp;Pisut Pongchaikul,&nbsp;Pornpun Vivithanaporn,&nbsp;Waranyu Lertrut,&nbsp;Adithep Jaovisidha,&nbsp;Paninee Mongkolsuk,&nbsp;Perapon Nitayanon,&nbsp;Khontawan Pongsuktavorn,&nbsp;Threebhorn Kamlungkuea,&nbsp;Eunjung Jung,&nbsp;Manaphat Suksai,&nbsp;Arunee Singhsnaeh,&nbsp;Piroon Jenjaroenpun,&nbsp;Iyarit Thaipisuttikul,&nbsp;Thidathip Wongsurawat","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Early diagnosis and treatment of intra-amniotic infection is crucial. Rapid pathogen identification allows for a definite diagnosis and enables proper management. We determined whether the 16S amplicon sequencing performed by a nanopore sequencing technique make possible rapid bacterial identification at the species level in intra-amniotic infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five cases of confirmed intra-amniotic infection, determined by either cultivation or 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Sanger sequencing, and 10 cases of women who underwent mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis were included. DNA was extracted from amniotic fluid and PCR was performed on the full-length 16S rDNA. Nanopore sequencing was performed. The results derived from nanopore sequencing were compared with those derived from cultivation and Sanger sequencing methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacteria were successfully detected from amniotic fluid using nanopore sequencing in all cases of intra-amniotic infection. Nanopore sequencing identified additional bacterial species and polymicrobial infections. All patients who underwent a mid-trimester amniocentesis had negative cultures, negative 16S PCR Sanger sequencing and nanopore sequencing. Identification of the microorganisms using nanopore sequencing technique at the bacterial species level was achieved within 5-9 h from DNA extraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study demonstrating that the nanopore sequencing technique is capable of rapid diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection using fresh amniotic fluid samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"769-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9786751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus in a fetus: HDlive Flow with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) study.","authors":"Toshiyuki Hata,&nbsp;Tomomi Kawahara,&nbsp;Miyu Konishi,&nbsp;Saori Bouno,&nbsp;Tomomi Yamanishi,&nbsp;Aya Koyanagi,&nbsp;Takahito Miyake","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe prevalence, outcome, color Doppler, and HDlive Flow (Silhouette) with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) features of isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus in Japanese fetuses at 28-31 + 6 weeks of gestation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During a 37-month period, 3,150 fetal screenings were performed at 28-31 + 6 weeks of gestation. Isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus was evaluated using color Doppler and HDlive Flow (Silhouette) with STIC. Prevalence and outcomes were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 22/3,150 fetuses (0.7%) had isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus at 28-31 + 6 weeks of gestation. According to color Doppler and HDlive Flow findings, two types of isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus (Right-angled and Loop shapes) were classified. There were 20 Right-angled and 2 Loop shapes. One fetus with a Right-angled shape was associated with aortic tortuosity. HDlive Flow with STIC revealed spatial relationships of tortuous ductus arteriosus, aortic arch, and descending aorta. All fetuses with isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus had good neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus in Japanese fetuses was low compared with those in previous reports. HDlive Flow with STIC provides precise information for spatial recognition and differentiation of isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus, resulting in two type classifications. Isolated tortuous ductus arteriosus in a fetus may be a transient, benign finding <i>in utero</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"798-804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9787749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in singletons: maternal and neonatal outcomes.","authors":"Ichchha Madan,&nbsp;Frank I Jackson,&nbsp;Reinaldo Figueroa,&nbsp;Ray Bahado-Singh","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the effect of gestational age at delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and assess various predictors of neonatal and infant mortality in these pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>United States birth data from CDC-National Center for Health Statistics natality database for years 2004-2008 was used to identify singleton pregnancies with PPROM and delivery from 32 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks. Controls were singletons at 37-40 weeks, without PPROM. Maternal and neonatal complications reported by all states were analyzed along with neonatal outcomes such as chorioamnionitis and hyaline membrane disease, reported by a subgroup of states. OR (95% CI) were calculated after adjusting for preeclampsia, diabetes, chronic hypertension, maternal race, and infant sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 134,502 PPROM cases and similar number of controls. There was a significant decrease in need for prolonged ventilation, hyaline membrane disease, 5 min Apgar score <7, and NICU admission with advancing gestational age. Placental abruption decreased and chorioamnionitis and cord prolapse were not different between 34 and 37 weeks. We found reductions in early death, neonatal death, and infant mortality with advancing gestational age (p<0.001 for each). Gestational age at delivery was the strongest predictor for early death, neonatal death, and infant mortality in PPROM. These differences persisted after adjusting for antenatal steroid use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide population-based evidence showing a decrease in neonatal complications and death with advancing gestational age in PPROM. Gestational age at delivery in pregnancies with PPROM is the strongest predictor of mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"787-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9784380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance tocolysis, tocolysis in preterm premature rupture of membranes and in cervical cerclage - a Germany-wide survey on the current practice after dissemination of the German guideline.","authors":"Patrick Stelzl,&nbsp;Sven Kehl,&nbsp;Peter Oppelt,&nbsp;Andreas Mayr,&nbsp;Tobias Fleckenstein,&nbsp;Holger Maul,&nbsp;Sabine Enengl,&nbsp;Richard Berger,&nbsp;Werner Rath","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the adherence of German perinatal specialist units and those of basic obstetric care to the national guideline we compared data from a nation-wide survey on the practice of maintenance tocolysis, tocolysis in preterm premature rupture of membranes and in the perioperative setting of cervical cerclage, and bedrest during and after tocolysis with recommendations from the current German Guideline 015/025 \"Prevention and Treatment of Preterm Birth\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 632 obstetric clinics in Germany were approached and received a link to an online questionnaire. Data were descriptively analyzed by performing measures of frequency. To compare two or more groups Fisher's exact test was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 19%; 23 (19.2%) of respondents did not perform maintenance tocolysis, while 97 (80.8%) conducted maintenance tocolysis; 30 (25.0%) of obstetric units performed cervical cerclage without tocolysis and 90 (75.0%) combined cervical cerclage with tocolysis; 11 (9.2%) of respondents did not use tocolytics in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes, while 109 (90.8%) conducted tocolysis in these patients; 69 (57.5%) of obstetric units did not recommend bed rest during tocolysis, whereas 51 (42.5%) favored bedrest. Perinatal care centers of basic obstetric care recommend bed arrest during tocolysis statistically significant more often to their patients than those of higher perinatal care levels (53.6 vs. 32.8%, p=0.0269).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our survey are in accordance to others from different countries and reveal considerable discrepancies between evidence-based guideline recommendations and daily clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"775-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal brain damage - what the obstetrician needs to know.","authors":"Brigitte Strizek","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perinatal brain damage is still one of the leading contributors to perinatal death and postnatal disability worldwide. However, the term perinatal brain damage encompasses very different aetiological entities that result in an insult to the developing brain and does not differentiate between the onset, cause and severity of this insult. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and perinatal stroke are often listed as the major aetiologies of perinatal brain damage. They differ by type and timing of injury, neuropathological and imaging findings and their clinical picture. Along the timeline of neurodevelopment <i>in utero</i>, there appears to be a specific \"window of vulnerability\" for each type of injury, but clinical overlap does exist. In the past, peripartum acute hypoxia was believed to be the major, if not the only, cause of perinatal brain damage, but intrauterine inflammation, prematurity, chronic hypoxia/growth retardation and genetic abnormalities appear to be at least equally important contributors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"752-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of 50 GR oral glucose tolerance test on fetal celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery Doppler parameters in healthy pregnancies.","authors":"Gokcen Orgul, Ayse Ceren Duymus, Yasin Altekin, Ahmet Yanar, Nizamettin Bozbay, Cetin Celik","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0168","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand the effect of 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on fetal celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) Doppler parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 43 healthy pregnant women followed in our hospital were included in the study. All Doppler parameters of the celiac artery and SMA (peak systolic velocity (PSV); pulsatility index (PI); resistance index (RI); systolic/diastolic ratio (SD); time average maximum velocity (TAMAX)) were obtained by ultrasonography before and 1 h after OGTT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean PSV value of the celiac artery decreased statistically significantly after OGTT (37.29 ± 11.96 cm/s; 29.51 ± 10.07 cm/s; p=0.002). While the mean of the PI was 2.09 ± 0.57 before the test, it was found to be 1.84 ± 0.64 after the test (p=0.027). Mean PSV (39.82 ± 13.07 cm/s; 35.19 ± 15.27 cm/s; p=0.104) and PI (2.21 ± 0.65; 2.11 ± 0.80; p=0.375) values of SMA were also found to be decreased without statistically significancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data obtained from our study reveals that the PSV and PI values of celiac artery and SMA slightly decrease after OGTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1220-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9859260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative clinical and placental pathologic characteristics in pregnancies with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.","authors":"Yasminur Gabdulhakovna Turdybekova, Irina L Kopobayeva, Yevgeniy K Kamyshanskiy, Anar A Turmukhambetova","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0371","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpm-2022-0371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the clinical and morphological characteristics of the \"mother-placenta-fetus\" system in high risk pregnant women of three groups: no SARS-CoV-2 infection, mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was performed for all deliveries, at 28 weeks' gestation or greater, who had standard indications for placental pathologic examination. Three groups were formed: (1) control group (no SARS-CoV-2 infection), (2) mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, (3) severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-risk pregnancies were registered in all cases in the study groups. The examination of the placenta and the selection of fragments of placental tissue were carried out in accordance with the consensus recommendations of the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group. The sections were subjected to standard processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the standard protocol. All cases were reviewed by two pathologists, which did not know any information on pregnancy outcome and clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection had an increased rate of multimorbidity including diabetes, chronic hypertension and obesity (p<0.01) compared with the other groups. Placentas at severe COVID-19 course were damaged by both chronic and acute injuries, in comparison to the mild and control groups (p<0.001). Also an important finding in severe COVID-19 was diffuse necrosis of the villous trophoblast - homogenization, diffuse circular eosinophilic masses surrounding the chorionic villi.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women with multimorbidity are an \"at-risk\" subgroup for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and greater likelihood of both placental damage and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events. These results suggest that patient education, SARS-CoV-2 disease monitoring and preventive measures would be of benefit to this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1179-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced maternal age (AMA) and 75 g oGTT glucose levels are pedictors for insulin therapy in women with gestational diabetes (GDM).","authors":"Josefine Theresia Koenigbauer, Laura Fangmann, Paul Rostin, Selina Balke, Petra Weid, Wolfgang Henrich, Alexander Weichert, Göbl Christian","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0170","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a common complication during pregnancy that is strongly associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is a known risk factor for GDM. Studies advocate that GDM comprises distinctive metabolic entities, suggesting an individualized approach based on early pregnancy characteristics (such as 75 g oGTT values, maternal age, obstetric history).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The oGTT blood glucose levels of 1,664 women were categorized into isolated fasting hyperglycemia (GDM-IFH), isolated postprandial hyperglycemia (GDM-IPH) and combined hyperglycemia (GDM-CH), using the levels of the fasting, 1 h and 2 h values after glucose application. These three subtypes were analysed regarding baseline characteristics as well as fetal and maternal outcome in the context of maternal age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis reveals that the 75 g oGTT levels and maternal age can distinguish metabolic phenotypes in women with GDM. The overall rate of insulin therapy required was higher in women from the GDM-CH group and increased with maternal age (31.7 %, 38.2 %, <35 years, ≥35-39 years respectively, vs. total insulin rate 22.3 %, p-value <0.001). Women ≥35 years displayed a significantly higher caesarean delivery (CD) rate (<35 years 34.6 %, 38.4 %, 41.1 % vs. ≥35 years 54.8 %, 47.6 %, 46.5 %, GDM-IFH, GDM-IPH, GDM-CH respectively, p-value <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women with fasting hyperglycemia, especially those with combined hyperglycemia and advanced maternal age (AMA) display a higher risk for unfavorable perinatal outcome. A categorization based on oGTT values and maternal age, as well as other characteristics can facilitate a basis for clinical risk stratification. Women at risk should receive an individualized and intensified perinatal care as well as interventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1154-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic and fetal tiny pericardial fluid collections at less than 12 weeks of gestation.","authors":"Toshiyuki Hata, Tomomi Kawahara, Takahito Miyake","doi":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpm-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe embryonic and fetal tiny pericardial fluid collections (PFCs) using transvaginal sonography and HDlive Silhouette at less than 12 weeks of gestation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During an 8-month period from November 2021 to June 2022, one-hundred and thirty transvaginal scans were performed for first-trimester dating, and eleven tiny PFCs of the embryo or fetus were identified at 8+4 - 11+3 weeks of gestation (three at 8, six at 9, and two at 11 weeks). HDlive Silhouette features of PFC were evaluated. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of tiny PFCs was 8.5 % at less than 12 weeks of gestation. The mean gestational age at the initial examination was 9.5 weeks (SD: ± 0.9). The mean crown-rump length was 25.0 mm (SD: ± 8.5). The mean PFC dimension was 0.8 mm (range: 0.5-1.3, SD: ± 0.2). Pleural effusion was associated with 3 out of 11 PFCs (27.2 %). Ascites was noted in 2 cases (18.2 %). Skin edema was identified in only in 1 case (0.09 %). There was no arrhythmia. Tiny PFC could also be depicted using HDlive Silhouette. First-trimester fetal ultrasound scans at 11 - 13+6 weeks showed no abnormal findings. PFCs resolved until 13 weeks of gestation (Mean: 12 weeks, SD: ± 1.2). All PFC pregnancies resulted in healthy neonates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of tiny PFCs was relatively high in early pregnancy. HDlive Silhouette can depict tiny PFCs of the embryo. Tiny PFCs in early gestation are transient, benign findings <i>in utero</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1206-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9776831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}