Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"A Review of the Geology of the Rio Del Rey Basin, Offshore Cameroon","authors":"B. Bate, Maduka Bertram Ozumba, E. A. Ndip, Dorcas S. Eyinla","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.389","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the tectonic evolution, stratigraphic and structural framework, petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential of the offshore portion of Rio Del Rey (RDR) Basin in Cameroon is presented in this paper. The RDR basin is a passive margin basin present in the Gulf of Guinea and it is located southeast of Niger Delta over an area of about 7,000 km2 offshore. Its stratigraphic components, like those of Niger Delta, comprise of a diachronous succession of prodelta shales (Akata Formation), overlain by delta front sands and shales (Agbada Formation), in turn, overlain by fluvial sands (Benin Formation). The age of this basin ranges from Eocene to Recent and it consists of four structural provinces namely; the growth fault province in the north, the Cretaceous Onshore province in the southeast, the Shale Ridge province in the southwest, and the Delta Toe-thrust in the south-central region. The RDR Basin features three stages of tectonic development: Pre-rift phase (Late Proterozoic to Late Jurassic); Syn-rift phase (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) and Post-rift phase (Late Cretaceous to Holocene). It presently stands out as the major contributor of the petroleum in the country.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74546352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Total Hydrocarbon Content by Three Mangrove Species (Rhizophora, Laguncularia, Avicennia) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"N. Ao","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.387","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaccumulation of total hydrocarbon content (THC) in mangrove is a bottom up effect. Leave, root, seed and stem samples were collected from red, black and white mangroves from highly and lowly polluted locations. Total hydrocarbon analysis was done with atomic absorption spectrophotometric method using HARCH DR 890 colorimeter (wavelength~420 nm). The result indicates that there is significant difference in THC between species (F2, 105=9.82, P seed>root>stem. For red mangroves THC ranged from 0.47 mg/l in root to 25.38 mg/l in the leave, for white mangroves THC ranged from 1.08 mg/l in stem to 5.90 mg/l in leave; for black mangrove THC ranged from 1.08 mg/l in stem to 21.64 mg/l in seed in the lowly polluted location while in the highly polluted location for red mangroves THC varied from 1.08 mg/l in stem to 23.97 mg/l in leave, for white mangroves THC varied from 0.64 mg/l in stem to 4.32 mg/l in leave and for black THC varied from 1.31 mg/l to 6.17 mg/l in leave. Mangrove parts in lowly polluted location had higher mean THC (10.43 ± 1.74 mg/l) than plant parts in highly polluted location (5.21 ± 0.62 mg/l). This study implies that red mangroves are good pollutant sink, which makes them a good bioremediation agent. Contamination of mangrove can lead to biomagnification of hydrocarbon up the food chain.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Aspect of Palyno Stratigraphy of “XM” Field Located in Semliki Basin South Western Uganda","authors":"Stephen Mutebi, B. M. Ozumba, O. Adeigbe","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.388","url":null,"abstract":"“XM” field, a clastic sedimentary domain within the Albertine Graben, southwestern Uganda, was studied using palynological data, complemented with wire-line well logs, to determine the stratigraphy, age, and depositional setting. Field wide correlation was attempted using additional geological and stratigraphical data from the larger Albertine Graben. \u0000The study involved the use of geological computing tools such as Petrel and Strata Bug softwares which allowed for the graphic plots of palynoflora, identification of marker species, species abundances, species first and last occurrences and the geological correlation of the two wells. The palynological marker species identified include; Podocarpus spp., Tournefortia spp., Praedapollis flexibilis, Peregrinipollis nigericus, Gramineae spp., Laevigatosporites spp. and Verrucatosporites usmensis. This association of species indicates Early Pliocene to Holocene age. These species were further used in delineating the Early Pliocene age of well T2 into TZ1a and TZ1b. The TZ1a subzone is marked by index species of Laevigatosporites spp., the quantitative top occurrence of Sapotaceae spp. and Verrucatosporites usmensis. TZ1b is marked by the presence of index species of Laevigatosporites spp. and top occurrence of Sapotaceae spp. \u0000Further, the study revealed five informal palynological biozonation of the well T3 into; TZI, TZII, TZIII, TZIV and TZV all ranging in age from Early Pliocene to Holocene and defined based on top occurrences, downhole increases and decreases of some of the stratigraphical important species recorded in the well as follows: TZI is marked by the top occurrence of index specie Gramineae spp. TZII by the presence of index specie of Peregrinipollis nigericus and top occurrence of Praedapollis flexibilis. TZIII is defined by top occurrence of Tournefortia spp. and the downhole decrease in Podocarpus spp. TZIV is defined by the top downhole increase in Podocarpus spp. and TZV by the base downhole decrease in Podocarpus spp. \u0000In arriving at these interpretations, data and publications from other basins such as the Niger Delta in West Africa and the Muglad and Burundi Basins in Central and East Africa were used as analogues. The age of the drilled wells ranged from Early Pliocene to Holocene while the paleo environment of deposition was determined to be mostly continental ranging from fluvial to lacustrine settings.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80084021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Geology and the Petroleum Potential of the Cretaceous Tano Basin of Ghana","authors":"F. K. Bempong, B. M. Ozumba, V. Hotor, B. Takyi, Cornelius SNwanjinde","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.395","url":null,"abstract":"This is a review of the geology and the petroleum potential of the Cretaceous Tano Basin of Ghana, one of the coastal sedimentary basins in Ghana. It is located on the West African Transform Margin. It initially evolved as a pull-apart basin and later became modified by wrench faulting in the Cretaceous period. It has been known to have potentials for hydrocarbons, as indicated by oils seeps observed in the late 19th century. The presence of active source rocks deposited in the Albian to Cenomanian as well as the Turonian charges the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs sealed by widespread marine shales, as well as faulted traps and pinch-outs, has spurred exploration efforts. Thus, as expected, commercial discoveries of oil and gas have been made in the Tano Basin which evidently has become a ‘hot cake’ in deepwater exploration, even though the ultradeep water could show even more exciting hydrocarbon plays.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75958654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Workflow for Using Fiber-Optic Telemetry-Enabled Coiled Tubing in Candidate Selection","authors":"A. El-Attar","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.398","url":null,"abstract":"Formation damage is an undesirable operational and economic problem that can occur throughout the lifecycle of oil and gas wells due to several reasons such as using incompatible fluids during workover operations, fines migration, clay swelling, emulsions formation, and scale and organic depositions. Also, newly drilled wells sometimes do not produce optimally due to the damages caused by the drilling fluids. Therefore, addressing formation damage issues to ensure optimum recovery of hydrocarbons needs more efforts on identifying the damage mechanism and quantifying the skin factor. Skin factor is a dimensionless number that reflects the production impairment due to near-wellbore reduction of permeability. So, if this number is zero it means the well is intact, however; if this number is positive that means the well is damaged. The workflow presented in this paper focuses on the use of fiber-optic telemetry-enabled coiled tubing (FOTECT) for production enhancement in real-time by quantifying skin factor, estimating the flow potential and determining the candidate wells for matrix stimulation. This new technology can deliver pressure data in real-time during a typical unloading operation that could be further used in well test analysis for estimating key reservoir properties such as skin (S), flow capacity (Kh), drainage area (A) and initial reservoir pressure (Pi). The new technology reduces the operational time required for well test analysis compared with conventional downhole recording systems (DHR) by two-fold while enabling the performance of an acid treatment in the same run. Moreover, in this study a workflow and user-interface software using java language were developed to execute the workflow through a two-step streamlined process: 1. Assessing the well damage through quantifying the skin value from pressure transient analysis (PTA) utilizing the downhole pressure data acquired from coiled tubing in real-time. 2. Inflow performance relationship (IPR) construction of the well using Vogel’s correlation and productivity index equation under the current condition and under ideal condition (Zero skin) to assess the feasibility of a stimulation treatment. The paper will present the application of this technique on simulated field data to show how FOTECT could be used to diagnose and treat the well in the same run. The output obtained from the developed software will be compared against the output of an industry popular well-test suite (Sapphire). Also, a case study in which this technology was used for pressure transient analysis for artificial lift design will be presented to show the applicability of this novel approach and to prove it can yield matching results with conventional techniques in a more efficient way. From the simulated data the developed software estimated the skin factor to be nine from both build-up and draw down analysis, which was later matched by Sapphire commercial Suite; moreover, it was shown that the curre","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Classification of Shallow Gas Blowout during Offshore Drilling Process","authors":"S. Ren, Yanmin Liu, Feng Huang, Panfeng Zhang","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.393","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow gas is in form of natural gas accumulation at abnormal pressure, which may exist in shallow sediments below the seabed. Gas can blowout unexpectedly during well drilling that can pose a great hazard to drilling safety. In this paper, the occurrence and geological feature of shallow gas in offshore sediments are described and a quantitative classification of shallow gas hazards is given based on gas blowout rate, which can provide guidelines for the assessment and control of the shallow gas hazards. Several measures for prevention of shallow gas blowout in offshore drilling are described, including dynamic well killing technology.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79751346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Economic Evaluation for Biogas Generation in Jordanas a Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Option","authors":"Z. Al-Husban","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.392","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction of Landfill Gases (LFG) positively affects the environment because they contain greenhouse gas emissions like CO2, CH4 and other trace gases. Therefore, one of the solutions to mitigate the climate change impacts is using landfill recovery system. Al-Ghabawi Landfill was chosen as a case study and the model used to predict the amount of landfill gases generated from the landfill is based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) default method. The estimation was based on quantification of waste quantities and components. Preliminary economic study was made to evaluate the feasibility of constructing power generation plants over the lifetime of the proposed project by assuming a case of using landfill gas recovery and a case without integrating any landfill gas. This study found that the Landfill gases utilization in landfills is considered satisfactorily enough both in electric energy production and in mitigating greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80183055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Climate Change on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Yield in Adet, North Western Ethiopia","authors":"E. Abera, Mezgebu Getnet, L. Nigatu","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.396","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying the extent and direction of climate change and its impacts is important on crop production as earth’s climate is undergoing changes. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the historical and future climate and its change impact on the yield of Tay and Senkegna bread wheat varieties in Adet, North Western Ethiopia. The observed daily climate data were obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar branch for 33 years (1983 - 2015). Future climate data were from Climate Research Programme’s Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) database across 20 GCMs for RCP 8.5 emission scenarios in the time horizon of early-term (2010-2039), mid-century (2040-2069) and end-century (2070-2100). Soil data were obtained from Adet Agricultural Research Center. The onset, end dates, Length of Growing Period (LGP) and dry spell risk for the main rainy season were analyzed using first-order Markov model built in INSTAT tools version 3.36. Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) crop model was employed during yield simulation. Onset of rainy seasons occurred before 1st decade of June was only 25% of the study years while it occurred before 2nd decade of June was 75% of the study years with coefficient of variation (CV) 5.3%. The end date of the rainy seasons occurred before 1st decade of November was 25% of the study years and occurred before 2nd decade of November was 75% of the study years with CV of 3.7%. Length of Growing Period (LGP) was ranged between 125-185 days with CV of 9%. The observed rainfall was decreased while both maximum and minimum temperatures were increased significantly (P<0.05). The projected maximum temperature is expected to increase by 1 to 4.69°C in 2030 to 2080. Furthermore, minimum temperature will increase by 0.93 to 4.73°C in 2030 to 2080. For Tay bread wheat variety, the grain yield is expected to increase by 0.5-1.3% in 2030 to 2050 but decreasing of 3% in 2080s. For Senkegna bread wheat variety, the yield is also increase by 1-2.3% in 2030 to 2080 relative to the baseline. However, days to anthesis and days to maturity of both wheat varieties will decline by 5-21% from the baseline.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"43 2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of the Influence of Fracturing Spacing in the Construction of Complex Fractures Network for Exploration and Production of Shale Gas/Shale Oil","authors":"Fern, O. B. Fern, es, W. Campos, A. Braga, Celeste Siqueira","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.397","url":null,"abstract":"Shales reservoirs have a high degree of anisotropy due to the presence of natural fractures (NFs) and also the orientation of beddings. Thus, hydraulically induced fractures (HFs) interact with natural fractures and generate a network of fractures with complex geometry. The existence of NFs modifies the stress field in the shale and directly influences the geomechanical behaviour of the HFs during the fracturing operation, generating branches in the dominant fracture and contributing to the complex network of fractures. The construction of a network of fractures increases significantly the conductivity of the formation, as it connects previously isolated fractures and pores, thus increasing the productivity index of the wells and providing greater economic viability in the shale gas/oil reservoir designs. This work presents a sensitivity analysis of the influence of fracturing spacing in the construction of the network of complex fractures generated in shales, aiming to understand how this parameter modifies the volume of stimulated reservoir (SRV) and the distribution of propant in the network of fractures, in order to avoid problems in this step of the design and thus, maintain the economic viability of the network. The literature review includes the main published works on this subject and the unconventional fracture models (UFM) used to model the network of complex fractures. Sensitivity analysis will be performed using the MShale software, which uses a stochastic model of the discrete fracture network (DFN) method and numerically solves the equilibrium equations and pore elasticity for shales in terms of effective stresses, in addition to mass conservation equations, linear momentum and energy with viscous dissipation for stokes creeping flow. For the analysis, the other parameters that influence the construction of the network will be kept constant and only the spacing between fracturing will have variation.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83621326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove Leaf Herbivory along a Hydrocarbon Pollution Gradient in a Mangrove Forest (Rhizophora racemosa) in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aroloye O. Numbere, G. Camilo","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.391","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to test the palatability of leaves of mangroves growing in a highly and lowly polluted environment. We hypothesized that bottom-up transfer of pollutants from soil to leaves would influence herbivory due to the toxic effect of pollution. Exclusion experiment was done to test for leave herbivory in lowly and highly polluted plots while cafeteria experiment was done to determine the feeding preference of 20 West African red mangrove crabs (Goniopsis pelii). In the first experiment a total of 453 mangrove leaves were sampled for six months, one year and two years. Results indicate that there was significant difference in herbivory between highly and lowly polluted treatment in the six months (F2, 160=3.33, P=0.04), one year (F2, 184=1.90, P=0.02) and two years (F1, 169=7.58, P=0.01) samples. There was more leave herbivory in highly than in lowly polluted plot. The pattern of incisions indicates that crab herbivory was the highest (53%) followed by insects (25%) and undetermined (22%). In the laboratory-based experiment, there was significant difference in leave incisions from both plots (P=0.01) with more leaves from highly polluted plot consumed (4, 521.69 cm2) than leaves from lowly polluted plot (2, 769.83 cm2). This implies that hydrocarbon pollution influenced leaf herbivory.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}